初中英语语法中考时态与语态精讲课件.ppt

1、 过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 将来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 现在完成进行时 have/has been doingVed didwas/were Ving was/were doinghad Ved had donewould V would doV/Vs do/doesam/is/are Ving am/is/are doinghave/has Ved have/has donewill V will dowill be Ving will be doingwill have Ved will have done

2、 过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 将来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 现在完成进行时 have/has been doingVed didwas/were Ving was/were doinghad Ved had donewould V would doV/Vs do/doesam/is/are Ving am/is/are doinghave/has Ved have/has donewill V will dowill be Ving will be doingwill have Ved will have done

3、助动词 过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 将来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 被动语态be+done e.g.be was/were was/were being had been would be am/is/are am/is/are being have/has been will be will be being will have beenwas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewould be doneam/is/are doneam/is/are being do

4、nehave/has been donewill be donewill be being donewill have been done 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时常表示：一般现在时常表示：1.客观事实或普遍真理客观事实或普遍真理2.经常发生，反复进行的动作或状态经常发生，反复进行的动作或状态 3.主语现有的特征主语现有的特征4.加减乘除加减乘除常与下列时间状语连用：常与下列时间状语连用：1）often,always,usually,sometimes,never,seldom等等:It never snows in Australia in December.They usually

5、go to school by bike.2)once a year,twice a month,every year/week/day,every two days等：等：He writes to his father twice a month.5.有时可与表示未来的时间状语连用，表达按规定，计划有时可与表示未来的时间状语连用，表达按规定，计划或安排要发生的情况，或安排要发生的情况，此类状语有：此类状语有：at 11:30,tomorrow,tonight,now等：等：Where do we go now?My flight _ at 9:00 tomorrow.(take off)ta

6、kes off 6.考点：主将从现：考点：主将从现：状语从句状语从句+主主将将从现：从现：将来时将来时will V原形原形 If it is fine tomorrow,we will go to the park.状语从句状语从句+主主情情从现：情态动词从现：情态动词can/may V原形原形 once:一旦一旦.就就.她一旦下了决心她一旦下了决心,什么也不能使她改变想法什么也不能使她改变想法.Once she makes up her mind,nothing can change it.状语从句状语从句+主主祈祈从现：祈使句从现：祈使句 Do/Dont V原形原形 Tell him th

7、at Im looking for him when you_ him later.see宾语从句（主句时态决定从句时态）She said,“Tom is a pig.”She said Tom was a pig.客观事实除外Our teacher said,“The earth runs around the sun”.Our teacher said that the earth runs around the sun.我的宠物狗通常在室外睡觉。My pet dog usually sleeps outside.My pet dog usually doesnt sleep outsid

8、e.Does your pet dog usually sleep outside?Where does your pet dog usually sleep?句式变换 你不能边看电视边吃东西。You cant eat while watching TV.You can eat while watching TV.Can you eat while watching TV?What cant you do while watching TV?句式变换 专点训练用所给动词的适当形式填空13.Three plus two _(be)five.加减乘除14.Light _(travel)faster

9、 than sound.客观规律/事实15.There _(go)the bell!描述现在的情况/时刻表16.Here she _(come)!描述现在的情况17.Tell him about that when he _(come).主祈从现18.If you _(ask)her tomorrow,she will help you.主将从现19.My father told me that the earth _(go)around the sun.客观事实20.The notice _(say)“No smoking!”描述性的文字es18.ask19.goes20.says现在进行时

10、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语作，常与时间状语now,this week,these days,at present,right now,at the moment 等连用。另外，我们还要注意等连用。另外，我们还要注意句中的隐含条件（如：句中的隐含条件（如：look,listen,Its nine oclock等）。等）。如：如：The students are doing their homework.You are working on a farm these days.Whom are you

11、waiting for?2.有些动词如有些动词如come,go,leave,begin,stay,start 等的现等的现在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作，句中常在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作，句中常有表示将来的状语有表示将来的状语:Im leaving on Sunday morning.Jim is coming here this evening.3.考点：感情色彩考点：感情色彩她老是撒谎！她老是撒谎！She always lies.他老是乐于助人。他老是乐于助人。He is always helping the others.tellstellingis我的宠物狗现在正在

12、室外睡觉。My pet dog is sleeping outside now.My pet dog is not sleeping outside now.Is your pet dog sleeping outside now?What is sleeping outside now?句式变换将下面的英语句子译为汉语，体会其感情色彩34.He is always thinking of his work._35.She is always borrowing my money._36.The little boy was forever making the same mistake._3

13、7.She was always changing her mind._38.The girl is always smiling happily._34.他老是想着他的工作。35.她总是向我借钱。36.那个小男孩总是犯同样的错误。37.她老是改变主意。38.这姑娘总是愉快地微笑着。动词按其动作发生方式，动作发生过程的长短，分动词按其动作发生方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示的是一种延续的动作，延续性动词表示的是一种延续的动作，这种动词可这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：如：learn,work,s

14、tand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live等。等。终止性动词也称短暂性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动终止性动词也称短暂性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。如：作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。如：leave,start,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin,stop,shut,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join,receive,finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,o

15、pen,break,give,jump,buy,borrow等。等。延续性动词和短暂性动词都可以用进行时，但是两者意义不同。如：We are still waiting for the result to come out.You shouldnt keep him waiting for so long.此处为延续性动词，可以用时间段。The old dog is dying!Can you do something?此处为短暂性动词，进行时表即将，快要做某事（She slapped her son in the face.）She is slapping her son in the fa

16、ce.I saw her slapping her son in the face again and again.此处为短暂性动词，进行时表反复做一件事。改正下面每个句子中的错误39.Im hearing a strange noise now.hear表听到，没有进行时40.Now you are looking beautiful.系动词look/sound等没有进行时41.The clothes were costing me too much at that time.cost花费了，没有进行时42.Look!The boy is having two knives.have拥有，没

17、有进行时改正下面每个句子中的错误39.Im hearing a strange noise now.39.Im hearingI hear40.Now you are looking beautiful.40.are lookinglook41.The clothes were costing me too much at that time.41.were costingcost42.Look!The boy is having two knives.42.is havinghas现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成

18、的结果或影响，也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常用的影响，也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：时间状语有：1)now,today,tonight,this week/month/year2)yet,already,just,recently,since then，since，before,before now,so far,by far,now,by now,until now,up to now,for(/over/in/during)the past(/last/recent)few years(/days/months)3)since引导过去时间状语或时间状语从

19、句引导过去时间状语或时间状语从句4)for引导的表示一段时间的状语引导的表示一段时间的状语Ive been here for just over two years.Hes been here since two years ago.until now now since then since ever never the first/second timeover the last few years for the last few years during the last few years since two years ago so farby farby nowbeforebef

20、ore nowright nowjust nowin a few years in the past few years two years ago before then请选出下列哪些时间状语中适用于现在完成时：until now 目前为止 now since then 自从那时到现在 since ever 不限 never 不限 the first/second timeover the last few years 最近几年for the last few years during the last few years since two years ago so far 目前为止by

21、far 目前为止by now 目前为止before 以前，之前before now 此前right now 现在just now刚才in a few years 几年后in the past few years two years ago before then过去/现完现在进行一般过去一般过去一般过去；过完一般现在，进行，现完一般将来请选出下列哪些时间状语中适用于现在完成时：我已经去加拿大旅游过三次啦。Ive visited Canada for three times.I havent visited Canada for three times.Have you visited Cana

22、da for three times?How many times have you visited Canada?句式变换1终止性终止性/短暂性动词的用法短暂性动词的用法1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：在完成时。如：The plane has arrived.I have finished my homework.2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以现在终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以现在完成时（肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：完成时（肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

23、不能说不能说 He has come here for three months.应该说应该说 He has been here for three months.将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有：用，其常用的方法有：a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buy have borrow keep come/go/become be catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know b.be+名词名词 join the Party be a

24、 Party member go to school be a studentc.be+形容词形容词/副词副词 leave be away（from)die be dead put on be on/in finish/end be over begin/start be on come be here/in fall asleep be asleep go out be outd.be+介词短语介词短语 go to school be in/at school join the Army be in the Armye.去掉短语中的暂短性动词去掉短语中的暂短性动词 come to work

25、work begin to study studyB.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时语，原动词的完成时改为过去时He come here three months.C.用用“It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since(一般过去时一般过去时)”结结构。构。It is/has been three months since he came here.D.用用“多长时间多长时间+has passed+since(一般过去时一般过去时)”结构：结构：Three months has passed

26、since he came here.cameago.3)暂短性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延暂短性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent heard from him for two weeks.He hasnt left here since 1990.A)用所给动词的适当形式填空54.I _(buy)this bicycle for five years.55.You can _(borrow)it for two days.56.The film _(begin)

27、for five minutes.57.How long _ you _(go)this school?58.My brother _(join)the army since 1999.59.I _(put on)the shoes since three years ago.60.We _(not take part in)it for two years.61.The old man _(die)since 2000.have had keep has been on have been in has been in have worn/have been in havent been i

28、n has been deadB)将下面的句子变为同义句62.We came to this school three years ago.We _ this school _ three years.63.My homework was finished last night.My homework _ since last night.64.They got married two years ago.It _ since they got married.65.I have been up for two hours.Two hours _ _ _ _ _ _ I got up.=Two

29、 hours ago I got up.have been have studied/taught for has been over is two years has passed since 用have(has)gone（to）,have(has)been（to）,have(has)been（in）填空43.Tim _out.Hell be back in an hour.44.Jim _ this city for two years.45._ you ever _ Jinan?It has some famous springs.46.The boy _ never_ Beijing.

30、He is always looking forward to seeing the Summer Palace.47.How long _ your sister _ the factory?About three years.48.I have some Australian friends because I _ there several times.49._ he _ Germany before?Maybe not.50.Why cant we see Mr.Cook?Hes on holiday.He _ China for a visit.43.has gone44.has b

31、een in45.Have,been to46.has,been to47.has,been in48.have been49.Has,been to50.has gone to一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。用于一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。用于一般过去时的时间状语有：的时间状语有：1）at that time,at that moment,just now,just thenTom was here just now.2)yesterday,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening,last（that/tomorrow）

32、night/week/month/Sunday/January等。等。I called you last night,but you werent at home.3)during the holidays,a few days/weeks/years agoI finished the work a few days ago.4)由由when,while,before,after,whenever等引导的从句。等引导的从句。When we reached London,it was twelve oclock.5)“in(on或或 at)+一个过去的时间一个过去的时间”，如，如 in 198

33、0,on the morning of July 2nd,at 10:00等。如：等。如：This story happened in 2003._ the morning _ a winter moring _ October _ the midnight*when/while/as 1._ time went on,things began to change.2.She thought I was talking ahout her daughter,_,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.3._ I accept that he is not

34、 perfect,I do actually like the person.4.I was walking along the road _ suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.5.The students sang _ they went along.whenAs whileWhileas一边.一边.and then:正在的时候,突然随着.表对比:而表让步:虽然 6.Strike _ the iron is hot.7._ a child,he lived in the countryside.8.Be carefu

35、l _ crossing the street.虚拟语气虚拟语气 It is high time that we did sth.If I were not disabled,I would run everyday.whileAs when/while as+n.=when.*until(till)He waited until/till his mother came back.He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.倒装句型：倒装句型：Not until all the fish died in the river _(村民才意识到村民

36、才意识到)how serious the pollution was.It wasnt until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how.强调句型不倒装强调句型不倒装did the villagers realize(肯定句):(一直).为止(否定句):直到.才 1.He finished his homwork _ he went out.2.Someone called me up in the middle of the night but they hung up _ I could answer

37、the phone.3.It wasnt long _he finished his writing.It will be/was一段时间一段时间before:It wont be/was not一段时间一段时间beforebefore 在.之前还未来得及.就.,不等.就.不多久就.还要过.才.beforebefore after After he finished his work,he left there.He finished his work before he left there.After finishing his work,he left there.*since I _(

38、know)him since he was a boy.自从他参军以来已有两年了自从他参军以来已有两年了.*It is(has been)two years since he joined the army.conj&prep.在.之后have known从句since+过去时主句现在完成时 as soon as:一一就就 他一到达就打电话给我他一到达就打电话给我.He telephoned me as soon as he arrived.hardly.when.;no sooner.than.:刚刚.就就.I had no sooner got home than it began to

39、rain.倒装句型：倒装句型：No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我的宠物狗刚才吃掉了一只猫。My pet dog ate a cat just now.My pet dog didnt eat a cat just now.Did your pet dog eat a cat just now?What did your pet dog do just now?句式变换按要求变化下面的句型9.They used to walk in the evening.（变为否定句）They _ _ _ in the evening.10.She

40、 used to be a farmer.（变为一般疑问句并非否定回答）_?No,_._?No,_.将下面的句子改为同义句11.I have had a letter from my aunt for two days.I _ _ my aunt two days ago.usednt to walk Did she use to be a farmer?she didntUsed she to be a farmer?she usedntheard from 按要求变化下面的句型21.I used to walk after dinner.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）_22.She use

41、d to play near the river.（改为否定句）_23.The children didnt use to come here early,_?（补全反意疑问句）24.Most people used to be late,_?（同上）25.Li Ying used to play with her dog.（就画线部分提问）_?Did you use to walk after dinner?Yes,I did.Used you to walk after dinner?Yes,I used.She usednt to play near the river She didn

42、t use to play near the river.did they usednt they didnt they?What used Li Ying to do?What did Li Ying use to do?过去进行时过去进行时1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常用的过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语时间状语有：有：1)(at)this time last night,at 9:00 yesterday2)when I saw him;while I was watching TV3)from seven to nine last night4

43、)yesterday,last year,yesterday morning What were you doing this time yesterday?He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.eg.I was writing a letter while you were studying for your exams.I was walking along the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behi

44、nd.2.过去进行时和过去进行时和always、forever一起，表不耐烦一起，表不耐烦/惊讶的感情色彩。惊讶的感情色彩。I was always staying up(late)when I was in college.去年的这个时候我正在巴黎旅游。This time last year I was travelling in Paris.This time last year I wasnt travelling in Paris.Were you travelling in Paris this time last year?Where were you travelling thi

45、s time last year?句式变换过去完成时过去完成时1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间前已发生或完成的过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间前已发生或完成的动作，也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时间为止的动作动作，也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态，即或状态，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用时间状语有：，常用时间状语有：1)before I went to the cinema;when I got there;before then;2)by last year,by the end of last term;by then;by that timeThe meeting

46、 had begun when we got there.We had learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term.2.它还可表示从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的它还可表示从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，往往和由动作或状态，往往和由for 或或 before引导的时间状语连用，引导的时间状语连用，如：如：Mr White had lived in Beijing for two years before he moved to Canada.去年末为止这个村庄已经建了10栋新楼了。Ten new b

47、uildings had been built in the village by the end of last year.Ten new buildings hadnt been built in the village by the end of last year.Had ten new buildings been built in the village by the end of last year?What had been built in the village by the end of last year?句式变换8.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了2000多个英语单词了。

48、We _ 2000 English words by the end of last term.145.I _(teach)Chinese for three years before I came to this school.92.Hardly _ the students _ the finals when they began to play football on the ground.A.did,finishB.would,finishC.had,finishedD.have,finishedThe students had hardly finished the finals w

49、hen they began to play football on the ground.主句过去完成 从句一般过去93.No sooner _ she _ into the room than she began doing the cleaning.A.had,come B.did,comeC.will,comeD.would,comehad learnt had taught 过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时指的是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将来过去将来时指的是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将来发生的动作，发生的动作，常用的时间状语有：常用的时间状语有：1)yesterday,the

50、next day,that day/night2)the following week 3)last 4)by then5)when he grew up,after it stopped raining,by the time he arrived thereThey said that they would have a basketball match with Class Two this afternoon.He gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.He suggested(that)I(should)be calm now.