(美国文学部分课件)American-Naturalism.ppt

1、Realism and Naturalism Placing events in the present time of the writing Aiming at accurate reproduction of the speech,manners and landscape of its world Exploring the psychologically valid motivationpessimistic materialistic determinism.wNaturalisms philosophical framework can be simply described a

2、s wNaturalistic writers used a version of the to write their novels;they studied human beings governed by their as well as the ways in which the characters lives were governed by CharacterswFrequently whose lives are governed by the forces of heredity,instinct,and passion.They are person with strong

3、 SettingFrequently an Techniques and plots accuracy Factual A picture toneThemes key themes:survival Violence determinism man against nature”man against himself-An.Naturalistic texts often describe the of human beings to exercise free will,often ironically presented,in this universe that reveals.Sub

4、ject Matter The subject matter deals with those which reduce characters to behavior in their struggle to survive.WritersStephen Crane Theodore Dreiser Jack London Frank NorrisFrank Norris(1870 1902)Frank Norris,The Octopus(1901)Stephen CraneStephen Crane(1871-1900)wAmerican author,whose second novel

5、,The Red Badge Of Courage(1895),brought him international fame.wCranes first novel,Maggie:A Girl Of The Streets(1893)was a milestone in the development of literary naturalism.The Red Badge Of Courage(1895)u A Modern War Novel uA Novel of Bildungsroman-(Novel of initiation，Growing-up novel，Coming-of-

6、age novel)u A Psychological Naturalist NovelThe Red Badge of Couragew The Red Badge of Courage depicted the American Civil War from the.It has been called the.The Red Badge of Courage w ComparisonComparisonlheavily idealistic concept heavily idealistic concept VSVS illusions,illusions,vanity,and rom

7、antic navanity,and romantic navetvetl large,epic view large,epic view VSVS individual individual psychologypsychologyla world of moral absolutes a world of moral absolutes VS VS a a universe utterly universe utterly to human to human existence.existence.Themesw Several themes run through the book an

8、d add greatly to its unity.CourageCourage ManhoodManhood WarWar FearFear The UniverseThe Universes Disregard for s Disregard for Human LifeHuman Life are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.Symbols are objects,characters,figures,or colors used to represent abstract

9、ideas or concepts.w Crane uses symbols in many different Crane uses symbols in many different ways and on many different levelsways and on many different levels Symbols in this novelAnimal imagesColorsAnimal images“It was now like one of those moving monsters wending with many feet.”“There was an oc

10、casional flash and glimmer of steel from backs of all these huge crawling reptiles.“There were like two serpents crawling from the cavern of the night.”“But the long serpents crawled slowly from from hill to hill without bluster of smoke.”Colors Red is the most important color in the book.It is rela

11、ted to as it symbolizes the ,the which a soldier feels,and the color of the.It also seems to be related to any such as hate.The title of the book,“The Red Badge of Courage”,refers to the received in battle.These wounds are symbolic of.The Characterw Henry Fleming:w Henrys character goes through as t

12、he book progresses.A young untried soldierbeing unsure of himself being doubt about himselfbeing panic-stricken fleeing proving to be a cowardpretending a wounded soldierfacing his cowardice openly returning to his dutyfighting bravelybeing a man and a heroImportant Quotations Iw“He felt that in thi

13、s crisis his laws of life He felt that in this crisis his laws of life were useless.Whatever he had were useless.Whatever he had learned of himself was here of no avail.learned of himself was here of no avail.He was an unknown quantity.He saw He was an unknown quantity.He saw that he would again be

14、obliged to that he would again be obliged to experiment as he had in early youth.experiment as he had in early youth.w He must accumulate information of He must accumulate information of himself,and meanwhile he resolved to himself,and meanwhile he resolved to remain close upon his guard lest those

15、remain close upon his guard lest those qualities of which he knew nothing qualities of which he knew nothing should everlastingly disgrace him.should everlastingly disgrace him.”Important Quotations ExplainedImportant Quotations Explainedw This passage from Chapter I illustrates Henrys about whether

16、 he has the courage to face battle,and establishes that his predicament is Until this moment,Henry has been a youth of comfortable assumptions.w He believes,for instance,that war exists for the purpose of creating heroes,and that men,when transformed into soldiers,are guaranteed a kind of honor that

17、 grants them prestige in society and history.The purpose of The Red Badge of Courage is to chart Henrys as he“a n d“experiments”with different types of behaviorssome courageous,some cowardly.Important Quotations IIw“He had fought like a pagan who defends his religion.Regarding it,he saw that it was

18、fine,wild and in some ways,easy.He had been a tremendous figure,no doubt.w By this struggle he had overcome obstacles which he had admitted to be mountains.They had fallen like paper peaks,and he was now what he called a hero.And he had not been aware of the process.He had slept and,awakening,found

19、himself a knight.”Important Quotations ExplainedImportant Quotations ExplainedwLater when Henry acts with great bravery,he discovers that the heroic actions are in fact natural.In looking back his action he reflects the naturalistic concept.Jack LondonJack LondonwJack London(1876-1916),prolific Amer

20、ican novelist and short story writer,whose works deal romantically with the overwhelming power of nature and the struggle for survival.Londons Major WorkswThe Call of the Wild(1903)wThe Sea Wolf(1904)wMartin Eden(1909)The Call of the WildThe Call of the Wild-A Typical Naturalistic Novelw Published i

21、n 1903,It remains LondonPublished in 1903,It remains Londons s most famous work,blending his most famous work,blending his experiences as a gold prospector in experiences as a gold prospector in the Canadian wilderness with his ideas the Canadian wilderness with his ideas about nature and the strugg

22、le for about nature and the struggle for existence.Although existence.Although The Call of the The Call of the WildWild is first and foremost a story about is first and foremost a story about a dog,it displays a-a dog,it displays a-absent in most animal absent in most animal adventuresadventures.Cha

23、racterswBuck:Buck:part St.Bernard,part Scotch part St.Bernard,part Scotch shepherd,a hero in his own search for shepherd,a hero in his own search for f r e e d o m.f r e e d o m.H i s H i s t r a n s i t i o nt r a n s i t i o n a n d a n d transformationtransformation from from is the premise of th

24、e novel.He is the premise of the novel.He is born to be ais born to be a.Bucks great.Bucks great intelligence and determination to intelligence and determination to succeed mark him as succeed mark him as most most of the humans in the story.of the humans in the story.wJohn ThorntonJohn Thornton:The

25、 man who The man who rescues Buck from Hals cruelty.He is rescues Buck from Hals cruelty.He is by far the most admirable human by far the most admirable human character in the story,kind but full of character in the story,kind but full of thethe that is that is necessary tonecessary to.John is the i

26、deal.John is the ideal master because his nature is so dog-master because his nature is so dog-like.We can see him as Buck in like.We can see him as Buck in human form.For his part Buck loves human form.For his part Buck loves John,and is willing to do absolutely John,and is willing to do absolutely

27、 anything for him.anything for him.ThemeswThe Indispensable Struggle for MasterywThe Power of Ancestral Memory and Primitive Instincts(atavism)wThe Laws of Civilization and of Wilderness Martin Edenw Martin EdenAn Autobiographical Novel His sailor and worker days His self-education His Love His even

28、tual success as an author His suicideTheodore DreiserTheodore Dreiser(1871-1945)vAn outstanding representative of naturalism,whose novels depict in a harsh light.vHis principal concern was with the between human needs and the demands of society for material success.Primary Works,1900;vJennie Gerhard

29、t,1911;1912;v The Titan,1914;vThe Genius.1915;,1925;Sister CarrieCharactersvCarrie MeebervCharlie DrouetCharlie DrouetvGeorge HurstwoodGeorge HurstwoodCaroline(Carrie)MeeberCaroline(Carrie)Meeber w Caroline(Carrie)Meeber,the protagonist of Caroline(Carrie)Meeber,the protagonist of the novel,travels

30、to Chicago to stay with her the novel,travels to Chicago to stay with her sister and her brother-in-law.The sister and her brother-in-law.The cosmopolitan consumer world of Chicago cosmopolitan consumer world of Chicago enthrallsenthralls her,and she her,and she constantly wants to constantly wants

31、to buy things.buy things.Her first job is a low-paid,Her first job is a low-paid,arduous position in a factory.When she arduous position in a factory.When she loses her job,her sister and brother-in-law loses her job,her sister and brother-in-law cannot support her,so she becomes Charlie cannot supp

32、ort her,so she becomes Charlie Drouets Drouets mistressmistress.w Afterward,she becomes Afterward,she becomes infatuatedinfatuated with another man,George Hurstwood.with another man,George Hurstwood.Carrie and Hurstwood Carrie and Hurstwood run to New Yorkrun to New York,where they discover that mar

33、ried life is where they discover that married life is far less exciting than their affair.Carrie far less exciting than their affair.Carrie leaves Hurstwoodleaves Hurstwood because he fails to because he fails to provide her with the lavish life she provide her with the lavish life she wants.She bec

34、omes a wants.She becomes a famous,high-famous,high-paid actresspaid actress in New York City in New York City.wCharlie Drouet-Charlie Drouet-wCharming,flashy salesmanCharming,flashy salesman.wNever taking any of his romantic Never taking any of his romantic affairs seriouslyaffairs seriously.wHe pro

35、vides Carrie with a place to He provides Carrie with a place to stay after she is forced to stop stay after she is forced to stop living with her sister;he also living with her sister;he also promises to marry her,but he promises to marry her,but he never really intends on following never really int

36、ends on following through.He loses Carrie to through.He loses Carrie to Hurstwood and then,years later,Hurstwood and then,years later,after she has become a famous after she has become a famous actress,tries unsuccessfully to win actress,tries unsuccessfully to win her back.her back.Hurstwood&Carrie

37、 wGeorge Hurstwood-George Hurstwood-w the manager of Fitzgerald and Moys,a saloon in Chicago.w A Weak and indecisive characterw Driven by biological desirew Slowly descending into apathy and poverty.vCarrie and Hurstwood are Carrie and Hurstwood are natrualistic natrualistic characters.characters.vN

38、either Carrie nor Hurstwood earn Neither Carrie nor Hurstwood earn their fates through virtue or vice,but their fates through virtue or vice,but rather through rather through random circumstancerandom circumstance.Their successes and failures have no Their successes and failures have no moral value;

39、this stance marks moral value;this stance marks Sister Sister CarrieCarrie as a departure from the as a departure from the conventionalconventional literature of the period.literature of the period.Dreisers Comment on Sister Carriew“It is not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship,but as a pi

40、cture of conditions done as simply and effectively as the English language will permit”Three Worlds in this NovelThe slum ChicagoNew YorkSlumNew YorkwA restaurant,for instance,is described as a.strange,glittering night-flower,odour-yielding,insect-drawing,insect-infested rose of pleasure.,a descript

41、ion which symbolizes the power of attraction the city has over its inhabitants,and the promise of amusement a restaurant can convey in passers by.Theme w The theme in Sister Carrie,is The theme is primarily personified through Carrie with her desire for a fine home,clothes and everything else money can buy.