大鼠解剖图谱中英文课件.ppt

1、 Rat DissectionlThe following slides are intended to helpyou with dissection of the rat and then to review for the lab practical that will follow.RATS Rat DissectionlScientific Name:Rattus norvegicuslCommon Name:Rat lKingdom-AnimalialPhylum-ChordatalSubphylum-VertebratalClass-MammalialOrder-Rodentia

2、RATSRat DissectionlThe following web sites were used to obtain various dissection pictures.(1)15/biolab15_1.html(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)This has an excellent self quiz!Urogenital Tutorial-SOURCESRat Dissection REMOVING SKINSource#4Rat Dissection REMOVING SKINSource#7Rat Dissection REMOVING SKINSource#4Rat

3、 Dissection MUSCLESSource#5Branchial:鳃的Externa auditory meatus：外耳道Temporalis：颞肌Orbicularis oculi：眼轮匝肌parotid duct：腮腺导管Rat DissectionMUSCLES Source#1侧面皮大肌背阔肌嚼肌颈外静脉二头肌 肋间肌Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5脊三角肌肱三头肌外侧头肱三头肌长头肘 肩三角肌棒状三角肌肱肌肱二头肌短头腕近端头部 尾部远端Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5肩峰斜方肌 锁三角肌 脊三角肌肩三角肌肘 前臂腕背

4、侧头部 尾部腹侧Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5Wrist:腕关节Long head of biceps brachi:肱二头肌长头Medial head of triceps:肱三头肌内侧头Coracobrachialis:喙头肌Elbow：肘部Tensor fasciae antebrachi:Long head of triceps:肱三头肌长头Axilla region:腋部Short head of biceps brachi:肱二头肌短头Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Distal:远心端Proximal:近心端Rat DissectionMUSC

5、LES Source#1External jugular vein:颈外静脉Pectoralis muscles:胸肌Triceps:肱三头肌Biceps:二头肌Masseter:咬肌Rat DissectionMUSCLES Source#1Cutaneous maximus:External jugular vein:颈外静脉Linea alba:腹白线Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5Transversus abdominis:腹横肌Epigastric vein:腹壁下静脉Rectus abdominis:腹直肌Internal oblique:腹内斜肌Ext

6、ernal oblique:腹外斜肌Rostral:头侧Caudal:尾侧Lateral:外侧Medial:内侧Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5Thigh:大腿Hip:臀部Gluteus maximus:臀大肌Caput vertebralis:Caput pelvis:Biceps femoris:股二头肌Semitendinosus:半腱肌Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌Adductor magnus:大收肌Biceps femoris:股二头肌Sem

7、imembranosus:半膜肌Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Dorsal:背侧Ventral:腹侧Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5Iliacus:髂肌Pectineus:耻骨肌Adductor longus:长收肌Gluteus medius:臀中肌Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌Rectus femoris:股直肌Vastus medialis:股内侧肌Adductor magnus:大收肌Gracilis:股薄肌Flexor digitorum superficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource

8、#5Flexor digitorum superficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Tibialias anterior:胫骨前肌Flexor digitorum profundis:指(趾）深屈肌Fibularis longus:Soleus:比目鱼肌Lateral head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌外侧头Plantaris:跖肌medial head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcaneal tendon:跟腱Heel of foot:足跟Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource#5Plantaris:跖肌Flexor digitorum

9、 superficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Soleus:比目鱼肌medial head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcaneal tendon:跟腱Heel of foot:足跟Rat Dissection ORAL CAVITYSource#6Oral cavity:口腔Hard palate:硬腭Soft palate:软腭Rat DissectionORAL CAVITYSource#6Saluvary gland:唾液腺Rat Dissection ABDOMINAL CAVITYSource#4Rat Dissection ABDOMINAL CAVITYS

10、ource#4Rat DissectionSource#7 ABDOMINAL CAVITYRat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANS Source#1Digestive organs:消化器官Mesentery:肠系膜Omentum:网膜Rat DissectionSource#6DIGESTIVE ORGANS Liver：肝脏Caecum:盲肠Small intestine:小肠Rat DissectionSource#6DIGESTIVE ORGANS Duodenum:十二指肠Stomach:胃Spleen:脾脏Large intestine:大肠Rat Disse

11、ctionDIGESTIVE ORGANS Source#1diaphragm:膈Liver：肝脏Small intestine:小肠Spleen：脾脏Caecum:盲肠Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANSSource#5Caudal side of diaphragm:膈肌尾侧面Median lobe of liver:肝脏中叶Ligamentum teres hepatis:肝静脉索Left lobe of liver:肝脏左叶Stomach:胃Greater omentum:大网膜Small intestines:小肠Rat DissectionDIGESTIV

12、E ORGANS Source#1Duodenum:十二指肠Pancreas:胰腺Jejunum:空肠Ileum:回肠Colon:结肠Caecum:盲肠Rat DissectionSource#6DIGESTIVE ORGANS Rat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANS Source#1Transverse limb:横结肠Ascending limb:升结肠Descending limb:降结肠Rat DissectionSource#1 THORACIC CAVITY External jugular:颈外静脉Left common carotid:左颈总动脉Left

13、subclavian：左锁骨下动脉Aortic arch:主动脉弓Left postcava:下腔静脉Lung:肺脏Kidney:肾脏Left atrium:左心房Left ventricle:左心室Right precava:上腔静脉Innominate:Trachea:气管Rat Dissection HEART+LUNGSSource#5Right auricle:右心耳Thymus:胸腺Left phrenic nerve:膈神经Diaphragm:膈Rat DissectionRESPIRATORY ORGANS Source#1Rat DissectionCIRCULATORY O

14、RGANS Source#1Circulatory organs:循环器官R.common carotid A.:右颈总动脉R.Subclavian A.右锁骨下动脉Innominate A.:R.Atrium:右心房R.Lung:右肺Esophagus：食管Aorta:主动脉Diaphragm：膈R.:rightL.:leftA.:arterial 动脉的Rat Dissection HEARTSource#5Right auricle:右心耳Right ventricle:右心室Left pulmonary artery:左肺动脉Left auricle:左心耳Rat Dissection

15、CIRCULATORY ORGANS Source#1Dorsal：背侧的superior mesenteric A.:肠系膜上动脉Coeliac A.:腹主动脉R.Renal V.:右肾静脉Inferior vena cava:下腔静脉Kidney:肾脏Ovary:卵巢Dorsal aorta:背主动脉Uterus:子宫R.Common iliac A.:右髂总动脉R.Iliolumbar V.右髂腰静脉R.Ovarian V.右卵巢静脉Rat DissectionUROGENITAL ORGANS Source#1Urogenital system:泌尿生殖系统Kidney：肾脏Ovary

16、:卵巢Cornua of uterus:子宫角Rat DissectionSource#5EXCRETORY ORGANS Pelvis:肾盂Renal V.:肾静脉Cortex:皮质Medulla:髓质Rat DissectionSource#5UROGENITAL ORGANS Right kidney:右肾Uterine horn with feluses:有胚胎的子宫角Right ureter:右输尿管Bladder:膀胱Left adrenal gland:左肾上腺Rectum:直肠Rat Dissection1.Trachea：气管2.Heart：心脏3.Lung：肺脏4.Diap

17、hragm：膈Source#2THORACIC CAVITY Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1.Right Atrium：右心房2.Right Ventricle：右心室3.Left Atrium：左心房4.Left Ventricle：左心室Source#2HEARTReview and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1.Jugular Vein：颈静脉2.Carotid Artery：颈动脉3.Superior Vena Cava：上腔静脉4.Ascending Aorta：升主动脉5.Atrium(right)：心房（

18、右）6.Ventricles：心室THORACIC CIRCULATION Source#2Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection You should be familiar with the order of the parts of the alimentary canal.Following the path that food would take,we would pass through:熟悉消化道膈部分的顺序和名称。下图标明食物通过消化道的顺序：Oral Cavity口腔Pharynx咽Esophagus食管Stomach胃Pyloric

19、Sphincter幽门括约肌Small Intestine小肠lDuodenum十二指肠lJejunum空肠lIleum回肠Large Intestine大肠lCecum盲肠lColon 结肠l-Ascending Limb升支l-Transverse Limb 横支l-Descending Limb降支lRectum直肠Anus肛门Source#1ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔Rat Dissection1.Liver肝2.Stomach胃3.Pancreas胰脏4.Duodenum十二指肠5.Small Intestines小肠6.Cecum盲肠7.Urinary Bladder膀

20、胱Source#2ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔 Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1.Abdominal Aorta腹主动脉2.Renal Artery(left)肾动脉（左）3.Renal Vein(left)肾静脉（左）4.Inferior Vena Cava下腔静脉5.Hepatic PortalVein肝门静脉ABDOMINAL CIRCULATION 腹部血液循环Source#2Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1.Coagulating Gland凝固腺2.Urinary Bladder膀

21、胱3.Vas Deferens输精管4.Epididymis附睾5.Small Intestines小肠6.Seminal Vesicle精囊腺7.Prostate Gland前列腺8.Penis阴茎9.Testis睾丸10.Scrotum阴囊MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雄性生殖器官雄性生殖器官 Source#2Review and Quiz YourselfRat DissectionlStomach胃lKidney肾lOvary卵巢lOviduct输卵管lUterine Hornl子宫角lLarge Intestine大肠lUrinary Bladder膀胱FEMALE

22、 REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雌性生殖器官雌性生殖器官Source#2Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection10.13.15.TAGGED ORGANSSource#7Review and Quiz YourselfBiceps Brachii肱二头肌Masseter嚼肌13Rib Cage胸廓Rat Dissection 5.9.22.27.TAGGED ORGANSSource#7Review and Quiz YourselfHeart心脏Trachea气管Lung肺Esophagus食管 3.7.8.11.17.18.Rat Dissec

23、tionTAGGED ORGANSSource#7Review and Quiz YourselfCecum盲肠Small Intestine小肠Ovary卵巢Diaphragm膈Liver肝Spleen脾Rat Dissection24.26.TAGGED ORGANSSource#7Review and Quiz YourselfUterineHorn子宫角Urinary Bladder膀胱Rat Dissection 1.6.20.23.25.TAGGED ORGANSSource#7Review and Quiz YourselfUreter输尿管Kidney肾2025Rectum直肠

24、Stomach胃Adrenal Gland肾上腺Rat DissectionlToward the midline朝中线方向lToward the back(upper surface of body)朝向背部（动物身体的上表面）lToward the tail朝向尾部lToward the side朝向两边lFarthest from the point of attachment附着点的最远端lToward the belly(underside of body)朝向腹部（动物身体的下表面）lClosest to the point of attachment附着点附近lToward th

25、e head朝向头部Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT FUNCTION:Caudal尾侧尾侧Lateral外侧外侧Cranial颅侧Proximal近端Ventral腹侧Distal远端远端Dorsal背侧背侧Medial内侧ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语解剖术语Rat DissectionlThe term referring to bending of a joint 关节弯曲的术语lThe term referring to movement of an appendage toward the long axis of the body四肢向

26、身体长轴方向移动的术语lThe term referring to straightening of a joint关节处伸直的术语lThe term referring to movement of an appendage away from the long axis of the body四肢向身体长轴反方向移动的术语ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语解剖术语Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT FUNCTION:Adduction内收Flexion俯屈Abduction外展Extension伸展Rat DissectionlThe whiskers

27、,which have a sensory function 有感知功能的胡须lThe flap-like external ear that directs sound waves into the ear opening收集声波片状的外耳 lPaired openings leading into the nose鼻子的一对导气孔lOrgans of the thoracic and abdominal cavities胸腔腹腔里的组织lA partition or wall separating 2 cavities分割两腔的隔膜lA membrane which suspends th

28、e organs支持器官的膜lShiny membrane that lines the abdominal cavity腹腔光滑的膜Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Vibrissae触须Pinna耳郭耳郭Nares鼻孔Mesentery肠系膜Septum隔膜Viscera内脏Peritoneum腹膜ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat DissectionlAbducts the thigh大腿向外侧运动lExtends the forelimb前肢伸直lConstricts the abdomen腹部收缩lCloses the

29、jaw关闭下颚lAdducts the thigh大腿内侧运动lFlexes the forelimb前肢弯曲lDraws the forelimb toward the chest前肢向胸侧运动lExtends the foot伸脚lMoves the forelimb dorsally+caudally前肢向背部和尾部运动Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT MUSCLE:Biceps Femoris股股二头肌二头肌 Triceps Brachii肱三头肌External Obliques腹外斜肌Biceps Brachii肱二头肌Gracilis股薄肌Mas

30、seter咬肌Pectoralis Major胸大肌胸大肌orGluteus Maximums臀大肌臀大肌Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Latissimus Dorsi背阔肌ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat DissectionlProduces WBCs(White blood cells)产白细胞lMoves food in mouth and tastes将食物移入嘴里，品尝lOrgans for gas exchange换气的器官lWindpipe leading from pharynx to lungs由咽到肺的管道lBony anterior roof of

31、mouth口腔前骨顶lMuscular sheet that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities分开胸腔与腹腔的肌肉层lIncisors(biting)and molars(grinding)剪切和磨食物lMuscular posterior roof of mouth口腔顶尾部肌肉lAffects metabolic rate and body growth 影响新陈代谢率和身体成长Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Tongue舌头舌头Lungs肺肺Diaphragm横膈膜横膈膜Hard P

32、alate硬腭硬腭Trachea气管气管Teeth牙齿牙齿Thymus Gland胸腺胸腺Soft Palate软腭软腭Thyroid Gland甲状腺甲状腺ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat DissectionlProduces insulin for glucose metabolism产生胰岛素的地方lAids in digestion of proteins帮助蛋白质消化的地方lFood tube from pharynx to stomach将食物由咽部运送至胃的导管lDigests and absorbs nutrients营养物质的消化吸收的地方lFolds i

33、n stomach that help mix food胃里帮助碾碎食物的摺lSecretes bile,cleans blood,stores glycogen分泌胆汁，净化血液，储存糖原lCleans blood,removes old RBCs净化血液，清除年老的红细胞lReabsorption of water水重吸收lBlind pouch where ileum joins colon回肠与结肠连接处的盲段lEnd of intestines,compaction of feces消化道尾端，压缩排泄物Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:

34、Stomach胃胃Esophagus食道食道Liver肝肝Rugae胃皱褶胃皱褶Small Intestines小肠小肠Spleen脾脾Pancreas胰腺胰腺Large Intestine大肠大肠Cecum盲肠盲肠Rectum直肠直肠ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat DissectionlRemoves wastes+excess H20 from blood将血液中的废物和多余的水除去的地方lHouses developing fetuses胎儿生长的地方lProduces and stores sperm储存精子的地方lStores urine before excre

35、tion尿排出前储存的地方lSecretes a fluid that aids sperm survival and motility分泌支持精子存活或运动的液体的地方lProduces eggs卵细胞产生的地方lCarry urine from kidney to bladder将尿由肾运输至膀胱的东东lSecretes a fluid that nourishes sperm分泌滋养精子的液体的地方lSac that holds the testes睾丸外的囊Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Uterine Horn子宫角子宫角Testes睾

36、丸睾丸Ovary卵巢卵巢Prostate前列腺前列腺Bladder膀胱膀胱Ureter输尿管输尿管Kidney肾肾Seminal Vesicle精囊腺精囊腺Scrotum阴囊阴囊ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat DissectionlTakes blood from heart to lungs将血液由心脏转运至肺的血管lLarge veins take blood to right atrium将血液转运入右心房的大静脉lTop chambers,receive blood心脏接收血液地方lMembrane around heart心脏外膜lArtery taking bl

37、ood to head将血液运输至头部的动脉lBottom chambers that pump blood out心将血液运出的地方lLargest artery taking blood from left ventricle将血液从左心室运出的大动脉lLower descending aorta takes blood to lower trunk and legs 将血液运送至下躯和腿的降主动脉lTakes blood to kidneys将血液运送至肾的血管ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Vena Cava腔静脉腔静脉Atria心房心房Ventricles心室心室Common Carotid颈总动脉颈总动脉Pericardial Sac心包囊心包囊Aorta大动脉（主动脉）大动脉（主动脉）Pulmonary Artery肺动脉肺动脉Abdominal Aorta腹主动脉腹主动脉Renal Artery肾动脉肾动脉