Unit 3 Reading The Future is in Our Genes第二课时语言点（ppt课件）-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、ReadingReading01Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture.Over the course of my career,I have seen many wonderful scientific developments,but none are as game-changing as genome editing.I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bri

2、ng and hope to share my excitement with you today.女士们，先生们，下午好。谢谢大家来听这个讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我女士们，先生们，下午好。谢谢大家来听这个讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样改变游戏规见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样改变游戏规则。我对这一科学进步所带来的可能性则。我对这一科学进步所带来的可能性充满了兴奋充满了兴奋，我希望今天能与你们分，我希望今天能与你们分享我的兴奋。享我的兴奋。As many of you may already know,genes pl

3、ay a critical role in shaping our lives.Everything from the color of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome.你们很多人可能已经知道你们很多人可能已经知道,基因在塑造我们的生活中基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用起着至关重要的作用。从。从眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都取决于

4、取决于基因。一个细胞或生物体内的基因。一个细胞或生物体内的整套基因被称为基因组。整套基因被称为基因组。Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.Some people,for example,carry a gene that m

5、akes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.我们个人的基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它我们个人的基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它(基因组）基因组）还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病患某些疾病概率的信息。例如，概率的信息。例如，有些人携带一种基因有些人携带一种基因,使他们更容易使他们更容易感染某种病毒感染某种病毒或或患上某种癌症患上某种癌症。1.affect vt.影响影响;侵袭，使感染

6、侵袭，使感染;深深打动深深打动 be affected by 被被侵袭；被侵袭；被感动感动/影响影响 be affected by heat/cold 中暑中暑/着凉着凉 affect sb./sth.影响某人影响某人/某物某物 affection n.喜爱；爱慕（与喜爱；爱慕（与for搭配）搭配）have a great affection for非常喜欢非常喜欢 gain/win sb.s affection得到某人的喜爱得到某人的喜爱【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)The experiment showed that our body clocks _(affect)

7、by light and temperature.2)Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago,focusing mainly on how it _(affect)children.are affectedaffectsaffect,effect,influenceaffect指指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，注重影响的动，注重影响的动作，常指负面、消极的影响。作，常指负面、消极的影响。effect通常用作通常用作n，作，作“影响影响”讲时，构成讲时，构

8、成have an effect on“对对有影响有影响”。influence指指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易察觉到的、潜移默化的影响不易察觉到的、潜移默化的影响”。2.contract vt.感染疾病；与感染疾病；与订立合同订立合同(契约契约)n.合同，合约合同，合约 v.contract(sb)to do sthn.draw up a contractbreak the contractenter(into)/make/sign a contract(with sb)v.（与某人）签订合同做某事（与某人）签订合同做某事n.草拟合同草拟

9、合同违反合同违反合同（与某人）签订合同（与某人）签订合同【判断下列句子中判断下列句子中 contract 的词性及含义的词性及含义】1.Non-smokers are less likely to contract lung cancer than smokers.2.(天津一中月考)You are late for the morning assembly again!Im terribly sorry.I was drawing up a contract almost the whole night.3.Their firm has contracted to build double-

10、purpose bridge across the river.Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases,as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting,adding,deleting or replacing specif

11、ic parts of the genetic material.In the near future,geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与与哪些疾病哪些疾病有关有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段一种有效手段。它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、刪除。它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、刪除或替换遗传物质的特定部分的方式对基因组进行修政。在不久的将来，遗传

12、或替换遗传物质的特定部分的方式对基因组进行修政。在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术学家希望将这项技术应用于应用于治疗治疗广泛的广泛的健康问题。健康问题。3.identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示找到，发现；确认，认出；显示 identify.as.确认，证明确认，证明；鉴别出；鉴别出 identify with sb./sth.与与.产生共鸣产生共鸣 identify a link between A and B 发现发现A与与B之间的关联之间的关联 identify v.identity n.身份；特征身份；特征ID Cardidentification n.鉴定；身份认证鉴

13、定；身份认证identical adj.完全相同完全相同的的be identical to/with 与与.完全一样完全一样4.relate vt.&vi.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述(1)relate to 涉及，与涉及，与相关相关relate A to B把把A和和B联系起来联系起来be related to与与有关有关/有联系有联系(2)relation n.关系；联系；亲戚关系；联系；亲戚(3)relative n.亲属，亲戚亲属，亲戚adj.相对的，相关的相对的，相关的(1)The two countries resumed normal diplomatic

14、 _(relate).(2)Economic reform has brought _(relate)wealth to peasant farmers.(3)The play _ which took place a long time ago.这个剧本和一个久远的爱情故事有关。这个剧本和一个久远的爱情故事有关。(2020全国全国，书面表达，书面表达)relationsrelativeis related to a love story【完成下列练习完成下列练习】5.means n.手段，方法手段，方法 a means of.的方法的方法 单数和复数形式均为单数和复数形式均为means.me

15、ans of(doing)sthby means of.by this meansby all means by no means（做）某事的方法（做）某事的方法通过通过.；借助；借助.手段手段通过这种方式通过这种方式可以，当然行，没问题可以，当然行，没问题 绝不，一点也不绝不，一点也不 Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind persons vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately,thi

16、s new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.Genome editing,serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases,will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.在不久的将来，透传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。也许在不久的将来，透传

17、学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力恢复盲人的视力,或者让先天性耳望的人拥有敏或者让先天性耳望的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终锐的听力。最终,这项新技术甚至可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防疾病的发这项新技术甚至可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防疾病的发展。基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将展。基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将导致导致我们的医疗保健方法发生根我们的医疗保健方法发生根本性变化本性变化.的方法的方法 restore sb/sth to sth使使.恢复到恢复到.担任担任.在早期在早期As the technology

18、continues to develop at a fast pace,however,questions arise about how to use it appropriately.Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases?Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies?然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们然而，随着这一技术不断迅速

19、发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁禁止止遗传学家使用它遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？来使健康的身体更加强健？快速地快速地6.arise vi 发生，出现，产生；发生，出现，产生；(由由)引起引起(1)arise from arise out of(2)raise vt.raise ones awareness of.(3)rise 由由而引起，产生于而引起，产生于由由引起，产生引起，产生举起；提高；增加举起；提高；增加提升某人

20、的提升某人的意识意识vi.上升，增长上升，增长riseVSraiseHot air rises.She raises her voice when she is angry.Her voice rises in excitement.Heavy rains raised the river.It must have a direct object.Something raises something.It has no direct object.Something rises.(vi.)(vt.)He raised his eyebrows,as if surprised.John rose

21、 from his chair when Mary walked in.Raise is regular.Rise is irregular.riseroserisenraiseraisedraised【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)The only problem _(arise)in New York,local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.2)A new situation _(arise)after the new law come

22、s into force.arisingwill ariseOne day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus,to make people taller,to help their muscles develop faster,to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will also be able to select specific chara

23、cteristics for children before they are born,creating what some have called designer babies.不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗抵抗力，使人长高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育力，使人长高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育,使他们所有的感官更加敏镜，使他们所有的感官更加敏镜，或使他们更加聪明。我们也将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，或使他们更加聪明。我们也将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造一些所谓的创造一些所谓的“

24、设计婴儿设计婴儿”。However,is this a good thing?What consequences might it have?Philosophers,geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure

25、 that genome editing will work to our advantage.Without them,genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.然而，这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果呢？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都然而，这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果呢？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始已开始全力解决全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。这意味着这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位，以确保基因组编辑会适当的管制要准备到位，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利对

26、我们有利。没有它们。没有它们,基因组基因组编辑可能会像编辑可能会像失控失控的汽车一样危险。的汽车一样危险。弄清楚，弄懂弄清楚，弄懂 put.in place 放在正确位置，准备妥当放在正确位置，准备妥当There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.Despite the public argument over this technology,its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the en

27、tire medical community andbeyond.Without doubt,genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.Thank you for listening.在基因组编辑这个同题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。尽管公众对这项在基因组编辑这个同题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。尽管公众对这项技术争论不休，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界内外引起了极大的兴奋。技术争论不休，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界内外引起了极大的兴奋。毫毫无疑问无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的

28、创新之一。谢谢大家的聆听。，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。谢谢大家的聆听。涉及涉及.时时7.without doubt 毫无疑问毫无疑问(1)in doubt There is no doubt that.(2)doubt v.怀疑；不信；恐怕；拿不准怀疑；不信；恐怕；拿不准doubt about.doubt whether/if.(3)doubtful adj.怀疑的；难以预测的怀疑的；难以预测的不确定，拿不准不确定，拿不准毫无疑问毫无疑问怀疑怀疑怀疑是否怀疑是否【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)This raises doubts _ the point of a

29、dvertising.这引起了人们对于广告作用的怀疑。这引起了人们对于广告作用的怀疑。2)He doubted _ he would learn anything new from Marie.他怀疑自己是否能从玛丽那里学到什么新东西。他怀疑自己是否能从玛丽那里学到什么新东西。aboutwhether/if02play a critical role independ on catch a certain virusdevelop a particular form of cancerrelate toan effective means of allows sb to doa wide ra

30、nge of be able tobe born deaf Expressions1.1.在在中起关键作用中起关键作用(para2)(para2)_2.2.取决于；依赖；依靠取决于；依赖；依靠_3.3.感染某种病毒感染某种病毒_4.4.患上某种癌症患上某种癌症_5.5.理解某事理解某事;涉及涉及(para3)(para3)_6.6.一种有效的方式一种有效的方式 _ _7.7.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 _8.8.大范围的；许多各种不同的大范围的；许多各种不同的_9.9.会；能够会；能够_10.10.天生失聪天生失聪_make it possible to doprevent from ear

31、ly onserve aslead to approach toat a fast paceprohibit sb from resistance to wrestle withExpressions11.11.使做某事成为可能使做某事成为可能_12.12.防止防止；预防；预防 _13.13.在早期在早期_14.14.担任担任；起；起的作用的作用_15.15.导致；通向导致；通向_16.16.接近；通往接近；通往的方法的方法_17.17.以很快的速度以很快的速度(para4)(para4)_18.18.阻止某人做阻止某人做_19.19.对对的抵抗的抵抗_20.20.全力对付；努力克服全力对付；

32、努力克服_put sth in place make sureon the subject ofwithout doubtin the field ofa long lifespanbe known to overall healthbe tied to function as Expressions21.21.到位；落实到位；正在实施到位；落实到位；正在实施_22.22.确信；证实确信；证实_23.23.涉及涉及时时(para5)(para5)_24.24.无疑地；确实地无疑地；确实地_25.25.在在方面，在方面，在领域领域(P33)_(P33)_26.26.很长的寿命很长的寿命_27.2

33、7.为为所知；为某人所熟知所知；为某人所熟知_28.28.整体健康整体健康_29.29.束缚于，捆绑于束缚于，捆绑于_30.30.起起的作用的作用_The News report below is about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to lifespans.Complete the news report with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.B1pace means identify wrestle withcell fundam

34、ental affect without doubtThis week,a team of scientists based in Switzerland announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans.(1)_,the discovery is an important finding in the field of genetics.without doubtFor years,scientists have been working to(2)_ specific gene

35、tic markers that are connected with a long lifespan.Until recently,only two such markers were known to the scientific community.Genes play a critical role in overall health.Every(3)_ in the human body contains genetic information.Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly diseases,such as cancer,is tied to an individuals genetic make-up.identifycellpace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtTHANK YOU!