Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句关系代词（ppt课件）-新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、To learn the restrictive relative clauses with that,which,who,whose,whom and/.To use the restrictive relative clauses to describe pictures of disasters.定语定语:修饰修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。常译为常译为“的的”1.词、短语或从句词、短语或从句定语主要有定语主要有形容词形容词，此外还有，此外还有介词短语介词短语和和非谓语非谓语。2.2.在所修饰词之前的定语叫在所修饰词

2、之前的定语叫前置定语前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语叫，在所修饰词之后的定语叫后置定语后置定语。his desk Toms fathera tall boy three teacherswomen teachers in the room abovea developing country a developed countryThere is nothing to do today.an article about how to learn Englisha city which is beautiful物主代词形容词名词现在分词过去分词不定式介词短语从句名词所有格数词副词 Mice were

3、 looking for places to hide.One well had smelly gas coming out of it.Find and Thinkto hidecoming out of it 定语的形式特点 名词/代词+(to do/doing/done)sth1.1.什么是定语？什么是定语？定语定语，修饰修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。的品质与特征。常译为常译为“的的”,主要有主要有形容词形容词.富有的富有的人、人、高大的高大的学生学生 rich tall beautiful rich tall beautifu

4、l 定语定语 vs 定语从句定语从句定语定语 vs 定语从句定语从句 Definition什么是定语什么是定语从句从句？a beautiful and kind teacher句子一：She is a teacher.句子二：A teacher is beautiful and kind.用And also连成一句话：She is a teacher and also a teacher is beautiful and kind.转换成复合句：She is a teacher who is beautiful and kind.Sebrella is a teacher who is bea

5、utiful and kind.Sebrella is a beautiful teacher.表语定语从句定语从句主语主语主句differences?总结：总结：当定语的位置上当定语的位置上不是单词或词组而不是单词或词组而是是句子的时候句子的时候整个句子整个句子就是就是定语从句定语从句，放在，放在所所修辞名词修辞名词/代词的后面代词的后面。主语主语系动词系动词系动词系动词表语定语定语beautifulThe structure of restrictive relative clausesShe is a teacher who is beautiful and kind.先行词先行词关系代

6、词关系代词从句从句定语从句定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于的从句，其作用相当于形容词形容词(即：充当定语的从句即：充当定语的从句)先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的被定语从句修饰的名词或代词名词或代词。关系词：关系词：引导引导定语从句的词。（引导词）定语从句的词。（引导词）关系词有三个作用：关系词有三个作用：1)连接作用：引导从句，把从句连接作用：引导从句，把从句和所和所修修饰内饰内容连接起来；容连接起来；2)替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先的先行词；行词；3)在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、在从句

7、中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语表语、定语。、定语。主句主句a beautiful and kind teacher句子一：She is a teacher.句子二：A teacher is beautiful and kind.从句：_主句：_先行词：_关系词：_关系词的作用：_;_;_;There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.There were deep cracks.that appeared in the well walls.cracksthat连接词的作用代替(指代)先行词在从句中充当句子成分3.3.定语从句的结

8、构定语从句的结构?Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.The girl whose father is a Chinese is from America.1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.I like the book which you bought

9、yesterday.3.The house where he lives needs repairing.4.I still remember the day which we spent together.Find out the attributive clause&its noun.P52Find out the attributive clause&its noun.Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence below.The Tangshan earthquake was a terribl

10、e experience that my great grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupt.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.n.火山火山vi.&vt.火山爆发火山爆发;熔浆喷出熔浆喷出n.供应量供应量;补补给给品品vt.供供应应;供给供给 Mr Li is an architect who

11、se designs for the new town have won praise.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.Eleven kilometers directly below the city,one

12、 of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.二关系代词 定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词指人指人指物指物who(主语主语,宾语宾语)whom(宾语宾语)whose(定语定语)that(主

13、语主语,宾语宾语)which(主语主语,宾语宾语)whose(定语定语)that(主语主语,宾语宾语)where(where(地点状语地点状语)when(when(时间状语时间状语)why(why(原因状语原因状语)第四单元第五单元定语从句的关系词 定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词关关系系代代词词指人指人指物指物who(主语主语,宾语宾语)whom(宾语宾语)whose(定语定语)that(主语主语,宾语宾语)which(主语主语,宾语宾语)whose(定语定语)that(主语主语,宾语宾语)定语从句的关系词that/who/有介词+whomthat/which

14、whose 谁的只指人只指物 既指人，又指物关系代词【分类】指整件事指人指人指物指物主语主语 宾语宾语that whichwhowhom 关系代词在从句中：关系代词在从句中：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略定语从句的关系词二、关系代词的用法1.关系代词who The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.He is the athlete（who）I met yesterday.总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指人：作主语指人：作主语指人：作宾语指人：作宾语定语

15、从句的关系词2.关系代词whom The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.The girl(whom)the soldier rescued yesterday is Johns sister.The man with whom you talked just now is my captain.总结：(1)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也可用who/that来代替。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。宾语（人）宾语（人）宾语宾语宾语宾语定语从句的关系词3.关系代词w

16、hichThere were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.The gold medal(which)she won has been given to her old school.指物：作主语指物：作主语指物：作宾语指物：作宾语总结：关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。定语从句的关系词4.关系代词that Yesterday I read an article that/which was about natural disasters.Do you know the girl tha

17、t/who is talking with our teacher?The woman(that/who/whom)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.The report(that/which)Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.指物：作主语指物：作主语指人：作主语指人：作主语指人：作宾语指人：作宾语指物：作宾语指物：作宾语定语从句的关系词总结：that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。4.

18、关系代词that定语从句的关系词5.关系代词whose This is the boy whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.指人：作定语指人：作定语指物：作定语指物：作定语总结：关系代词whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。1)关系代词关系代词that与与which 定语从句中定语从句中,关系代词关系代词that既可指人也可指物，既可指人也可指物，which一般用于指物。指物时二者一般可以互换。一般用于指物。

19、指物时二者一般可以互换。只用只用that引导定语从句的情况：引导定语从句的情况：当先行词为当先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等不定代词或先行词被等不定代词或先行词被the only,few,little,no,all,every,the very等词等词修饰修饰时。时。关系代词的用法与辨析关系代词的用法与辨析 当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.当先行词前有序数词当先行词

20、前有序数词first,last,next等或形等或形容词容词的最的最高级修饰时。如：高级修饰时。如：This is the first article that Ive written in Japanese.当主句是由当主句是由who或或which开头的疑问句时。开头的疑问句时。如：如：Who is the man that is standing by Jack?2)关系代词关系代词who与与whom who指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用that替换。替换。whom指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口

21、语和非正式文体中可用非正式文体中可用who或或that替换，也可以省略。替换，也可以省略。3)关系代词关系代词whose whose是是who的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。定作用。whose引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人也引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人也可以指物。可以指物。定语从定语从句句(关系代词关系代词)that,which,who,whom,whose,as只只用用that不用不用which先行词是先行词是all,little,much,everything等代词等代词先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰先行词被先

22、行词被all,every,no,the only,the very修饰修饰先行词被既有人有物先行词被既有人有物主主句以句以who或或which开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句先行词做主句的表语时先行词做主句的表语时先行词是先行词是there be句式中的主语时句式中的主语时只只用用which不用不用that关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时一个句子中有两个限制性定语从句时，避免重复，一个句子中有两个限制性定语从句时，避免重复，一个一个that，一个，一个which先行先行词本词本身身是是that只只用用who不用不用that先行先行词是指人的不定代

23、词时词是指人的不定代词时there be句中先句中先行行词指人的时词指人的时识找插判选识别定语从句找先行词，划分主从句把先行词插入到从句中判断插入部分:是人,是物,是“.人/物的”依据指代，正确选用填关系词解题步骤Chinese elements in World CupRussell Stadium_ is built by Chinese company is regarded as the main venue of the 2022 World Cup.that/which Practice用用that,which,who,whose,whom,/完成句子。完成句子。Chinese r

24、eferee team_ are elected as the judges in the 2022 World Cup beat the referee teams _ come from Jordan and Japan.Chinese elements in World CupWho/thatWho/that Practice1.He _ laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最甜。2.I like the students _ handwriting is neat and beautiful.3.I like the school _food is ver

25、y delicious.4.He _ has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。5.The boy _ I saw in the dining hall(在食堂)is called Li Hua.6.The place _ you have visited twice is amazing.whowhosewhosewhowho/that/省略which/that/省略用用that,which,who,whose,whom,/完成句子。完成句子。Complete each sentence with that,whic

26、h,who,whose,whom or/.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.whosew

27、hothat;/n.台风台风露天露天;在户外在户外有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the

28、 hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?that/whichwhosewhomwhon.飓风飓风几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。这这位女士给营救她的战士位女士给营救她的战士

29、写了一封感谢信。写了一封感谢信。这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？被困同学的男孩吗？I.用用who,whom,which或或that完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1.Its a book _ introduces how to cook.2.There are many volunteers _ are helping the poor children.3.This is the bike _ my brother gave me for my birthday.4.The girl _ is standing under the tree is my

30、little sister.that/whichwho/thatthat/whichwho/that5.The woman _ you met yesterday is my aunt.6.Bruce,there is someone outside _ would like to see you.7.Do you know the boy _ threw the stone at the window?8.I am looking for the backpack _ I bought yesterday.whom/who/thatwho/thatwho/thatthat/whichII.用

31、用适当的关系代词填空。适当的关系代词填空。1.The rainstorms _ have struck 13 towns since June are a test of local governments governing ability.2.They are trying their best to evacuate those _ are in danger.3.Every year,there are big or small disasters _ happen in different parts of the world.that/whichwhothat/which4.The

32、 people _ houses were damaged are in need of help.5.The fire _ broke out last night destroyed all the contents in the house.6.The boy is looking for the man by _ he was rescued during the flood.that/whichwhomwhoseIII.选选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。The Kite Runner,1._(which,that)is set in Kabul,is

33、 about the friendship between two boys 2._(who,which)grow up together.Amir,3._(who,whose)mother is dead,is brought up by his father and his fathers servant,Ali.Hassan,4._(who,that)is Alis son,is Amirs best friend.One day when the two boys are trying to win a kite race,Hassan is attacked(攻击攻击)by an o

34、lder boy and two of his friends.whichwhowhosewhoAmir,5._(who,that)sees the attack,hides in a place where the older boys cant see him.Many years later,Amir,6._(whose,which)guilt(内疚内疚)has always haunted(萦绕萦绕)him,risks his life to save Hassans son from the same person 7._(what,that)had attacked Hassan

35、all those years before.whowhosethat1The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79CE took the people of Pompeii by surprise.They had always known that the mountain was a volcano but it had been quiet for so long that nobody saw it as a threat.When the volcano finally did erupt,it was so quick and so severe th

36、at the town was soon covered in lava and ash.A writer _ was there during the eruption described how lava was thrown into the air like a fountain.【语境应用语境应用】用用that,which,who,whose,whom,/完成句子。完成句子。who/thatAfter it fell to earth,it turned into wave of lava _ travelled down the mountain faster than peopl

37、e could run away.It was an absolute disaster for those _ could not escape in time.Many of the wooden houses and bungalows(平房平房)in Pompeii were burned to the ground,but the stone houses remained under the ash until they were rediscovered during the 20th century.who/thatthat/which2The day after this e

38、ruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it.Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater _ had been formed during the eruption.We put on special clothes before we went any closer.Looking like spacemen,we had white protective su

39、its _ covered our whole body,helmets,big boots and special gloves.It was not easy to walk in these suits,but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and look down into the red,boiling center.that/whichthat/whichSummary 1：1.1.在复合句中，在复合句中，_某个名词和某个名词和代词的句子叫做定语从句。定语从代词的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代

40、词后句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的从句的_,_,它与定语从句之它与定语从句之间有一个词连接，这个词叫做间有一个词连接，这个词叫做_。2.2.关系词的作用：关系词的作用：_,_,_,_._,_.3.3.定语从句分为定语从句分为_ _ 和和_,_,定语从句定语从句,区别在于有无区别在于有无_隔开。隔开。修饰修饰先行词先行词关系词关系词引导连接引导连接代代替替担当成分担当成分He has two sons,who work in the same company.限制性限制性非限制性非限制性逗号逗号He has two sons who work in the same company.他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。（可能不止两个儿子）He has two sons,who work in the same company.他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。（只有两个儿子），人用who 物用which限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause,非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause定语从句分类定语从句分类