Unit4 知识点复习（ppt课件）-新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、1qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)qualify v(使)具有资格；(使)合格qualification n资格；资历；资格证书2enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiastically adv.热情地enthusiasm n热情；热忱3aboard adv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)board v上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n木板；董事会；伙食4assign vt.分派；布置；分配assignment n任务；作业；分配5envy n&vt.羡慕；妒忌envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的6belongings

2、 npl.财物；动产belong vi.属于；应在(某处)7selfish adj.自私的selfishly adv.自私地selfishness n自私8perseverance n毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求9resolve vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n决心；坚定的信念resolution n决议；解决；坚定；决心10cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地cruelty n残忍；残酷11unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunately(反)adv.幸运地fortune

3、n运气；财产12guidance n指导；引导；导航guide n导游；指南 vt.带领；引导；为领路13advertising n广告活动；广告业advertise vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告advertisement n广告；宣传14loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的loyalty n忠诚；忠实15commitment n承诺；保证；奉献commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。肯定句 主语+have(has)been

4、+现在分词(doing)现在完成时的被动语态 主语+have(has)been+过去分词(done)现在完成进行时的被动结构？Note:现在完成进行时是没有被动语态的，如果有现在完成进行时的主动结构的句子变为被动结构，可以用现在完成时。疑问句 Have(Has)+主语+been+现在分词(doing)？一.现在完成进行时的定义和结构eg.1.It has been raining for three days.雨下了三天了。2.We have been waiting for him for two hours.我们等他等了两个小时。3.Have you been writing all th

5、e day?你一整天都在写吗？4.How long has it been raining?雨下了多久了？现在完成进行时1.表示“持续”即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。一般和延续性动词连用。延续性动词（durative verb）是指表示能够延续的动作。如：study,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,live,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,stay等二.现在完成进行时的用法Summary 1:1.我们使用现在完成进行时来表示动作我们使用现在完成进行时来表示动作从过去开始从过去开始一直延续一

6、直延续到现在，现在仍在到现在，现在仍在发生将来还可能继续下去。发生将来还可能继续下去。I have not been sleeping well since I returned home._ past presentnot being able to sleep wellIm still not sleeping well.I returned home.It began to rain one hour ago.It has been raining for one hour.It is raining at this moment.The boy _(have)dinner since

7、five minutes ago.(The boy started having dinner five minutes ago.He is still having dinner now.)has been havingThe man _(work)in the field for half an hour.(The man started working in the field half an hour ago.He is still working now.)has been workingSummary 2:我们也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去我们也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作从

8、过去一直延续到现在刚完成但是中间没有中断过一直延续到现在刚完成但是中间没有中断过.Kelly:Sorry Im late.Have you been waiting long?Mavis:Yes.Ive been waiting for an hour._ past one hour ago present Mavis started waiting for Kelly.Kelly arrives.The boys are tired The boys are tired now,they_ (play)now,they_ (play)basketball basketball all the

9、 morningall the morning.The boys are tired.They _(just play)a ball game.have just played have been playing2.表示“重复”即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行，这个动作断断续续重复。eg.1)We have been making mistakes like this.我们一直犯这样的错误。2)Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。二.现

10、在完成进行时的用法常见的瞬间性动词有：常见的瞬间性动词有：marry,close,die,arrive,fall,leave,go,break,lose,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,start,begin,graduate等。等。3.现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才刚才”或或“近来近来”发生的动作，一般不发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果

11、。Youve been working too hard.你工作太辛苦了。你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了直接结果可能是你一定很累了)Youve been smoking again.你又抽烟了。你又抽烟了。(暗含结果是你身上有烟味暗含结果是你身上有烟味)1.Tom has always been working hard.2.Time has been flying so quickly!3.What have you been doing to my dictionary?（4）带有感情色彩，使语言表达更加生动。）带有感情色彩，使语言表达更加生动。What kind of em

12、otion does the writer express in these sentences?赞许的感情色彩赞许的感情色彩感叹时间之快感叹时间之快不满的感情色彩不满的感情色彩The usage of the tense(4)现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：all day/month;this month/week/year;these days;recently/lately;in the past few+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段,等。eg.1.He has been working all day.他整天都在工作。2.They have been building th

13、e bridge for two month.两个月来他们一直在修桥。3.Car sales have been shrinking recently.汽车销量近来一直在下降。4.The two parties have been trying to unite since the New Year.自从新年以来，双方就一直在试图联手。三.与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语1.现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作 的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而 不能用现在完成进行时。eg.He has changed his idea.他改变了想法。We have been s

14、tudying here for two years.我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别2.现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。直叙。I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满可能表示不满)I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实说明一个事实)3.现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。现在完成进行时强

15、调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃橘子呀？谁一直在吃橘子呀？(还剩余一些还剩余一些)Who has eaten the oranges?谁把橘子吃了？谁把橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩强调吃得一个不剩)4.有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在 完成进行时。eg.1)I have known him for many years.我认识他有许多年了。2)The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别静态动词表示一种静止状态，包括“存在

16、”和“拥有”的动词，如be,have,own,belong,exist,hold(容纳）等；表示度量的动词，如cost,weigh,measure等；表示五官感觉的动词，如see,hear,taste,smell,feel等；以及表示心理状态的动词，如 believe,think,know,remember,forget,understand,love,like,hate,detest(讨厌）等四.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别5.与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行

17、时。但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。It hasnt rained for six weeks.已经六个星期没下雨了。已经六个星期没下雨了。It has been raining since yesterday and it is still raining.从昨天起，雨就没停过，而且现在还在下。从昨天起，雨就没停过，而且现在还在下。He has rung me up five times since 12 oclock.从十二点后，他已经给我打了五次电话。从十二点后，他已经给我打了五次电话。He has been ringing me up all the mornin

18、g.他整个上午一直在给我打电话。他整个上午一直在给我打电话。6.这两种时态都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：现在完成进行时这两种时态都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，可以说是现在完成时的强调形式。更强调动作的延续性，可以说是现在完成时的强调形式。We have been living here for ten years.We have lived here for ten years.我们在这里住了十年了我们在这里住了十年了。7.在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作

19、到现在已经结束。而现在完成时则表示动作到现在已经结束。The students have been preparing for the exam.学生们一直在为考试做准备。学生们一直在为考试做准备。(还在进行还在进行)The students have prepared for the exam.学生们为考试做了准备。学生们为考试做了准备。(已经结束已经结束)返 回8.与完成时连用的句型。与完成时连用的句型。1)It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句.2)This(That/It)is the first(second)time+that从句从句(从句用现在完成时

20、从句用现在完成时).3)This(That/It)is the only +that-clause(从从句用现在完成时句用现在完成时).4)This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting +that-clause.（从句用现在完成（从句用现在完成时时)9.现在完成时可表示反复发生的动作，提问时用how many times。而现在完成进行时则表示持续的、不间断的动作，提问时用how long 1)_have you visited Jinan?.I have visited Jinan twice this month.2)_have you

21、visited Jinan?I have been visiting Jinan for two months.How many timesHow long 10.现在完成时的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever等作时间状语，而现在完成进行时的句子中则不可以用这样的词 I have already been to Beijing.I have never been to Beijing.I havent been to Beijing yet.(1)He is selfish and bad-tempered.Thus，he will never be enthusias

22、tic _ helping those in trouble.be enthusiastic about(doing)sth.对对(做做)热情热情 lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏缺乏/充满热情充满热情 with enthusiasm(enthusiastically)热情地热情地adj.热情的；热心的热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n.热情；热忱热情；热忱)1enthusiasticabout(2)我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我能

23、胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。作。(应用文写作之个人优势应用文写作之个人优势)，w h i c h makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.(3)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020新高考全国新高考全国，读后续写，读后续写)Bernard and John still in spite of several failures.made popcorn enthusiastically/with enthusiasmI am no

24、t only enthusiastic but also easy to get along/on with go aboard上船上船(飞机、火车等飞机、火车等)on board 在船在船(火车或飞机火车或飞机)上上 go abroad出国出国adv.&prep.上上(船、飞机、公共汽车等船、飞机、公共汽车等)board vt.&vi.上船上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)n.木板；董事会；伙食木板；董事会；伙食 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv.在在/到国外；在到国外；在/到海外到海外2aboard(1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着

25、胡子，总是满面笑容。他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外读后续写之外貌描写貌描写)He is tall and a beard and always_.wears a broad smilewith broad shoulders(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之应用文写作之告知信告知信)，Im writing to inform you of some necessary dos and donts.(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑，好像他们是这世界上这对年轻夫

26、妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。仅存的人。The instant ，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(aboard)The instant ，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(board)Learning that you will go abroad for furth

27、er studythe young couple went aboard the shipthe young couple boarded the ship envy sb.(doing)sth.羡慕羡慕/嫉妒某人嫉妒某人(做做)某事某事 with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地羡慕地；嫉妒地 green with envy嫉妒地眼红；十分羡慕嫉妒地眼红；十分羡慕/嫉妒嫉妒 be envious of羡慕，嫉妒羡慕，嫉妒n.&vt.羡慕；嫉妒羡慕；嫉妒(envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的嫉妒的；羡慕的)3envy(1)I am (envy)of you，because you are leadin

28、g such a cosy and decent life.envious(2)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。Honestly speaking，I the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.(3)李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我十分羡慕。李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我十分羡慕。Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solvin

29、g tough problems with logical mind.do envy you getting the title ofI am green with envy abandon oneself to(doing)sth.沉湎于沉湎于(做做)；纵情于；纵情于(做做)abandon doing sth.放弃做某事放弃做某事 be abandoned to(doing)sth.沉湎于沉湎于(做做)vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放任；放纵放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃被遗弃的；放纵的的；放纵的)4abandon(1)He abandoned (ask)for

30、 his guidance，which was beyond our expectations.asking(2)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用现在分词短语作状语改写用现在分词短语作状语改写)，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(

31、用过去分词短语作状语改写用过去分词短语作状语改写)Abandoning myself to computer gamesAbandoned to computer gamesvi.&vt.决定；决心；解决决定；决心；解决(问题或困难问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念决心；坚定的信念(resolution n.决定；解决；决心决定；解决；决心)5resolveresolve to do sth.决定做某事决定做某事(1)The steward made a (resolve)to visit her relatives more often.(2)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不

32、遗余力地文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。保护它们。(话题写作之文化遗产与保护话题写作之文化遗产与保护)Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so_.resolutionour countryhas resolved to spare no effort to protect them(3)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。(话题写话题写作之人际沟通作之人际沟通)，we should learn to communic

33、ate more and put ourselves in others place.To resolve conflicts as.as.意为意为“和和一样一样”，表示同级比较。其中第一个，表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词为副词，第二第二个个as为连词或介词。其基本用法为：为连词或介词。其基本用法为：asadj./adv.as.，还，还有如有如 下下用法：用法：否定否定式：式：not as/soadj./adv.as.倍数倍数asadj./adv.as.as much/many名词名词as.How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as

34、Thomas Orde-Lees！我怎么能变得像托马斯我怎么能变得像托马斯奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！6as.as.(1)他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样多的进步。他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样多的进步。He is ，so he .(2)我们投入的时间和精力是她以前的两倍，所以我深信我们能成功。我们投入的时间和精力是她以前的两倍，所以我深信我们能成功。We have devoted ，so I am greatly convinced that we will succeed.(3)在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。在我看来，这本书没有你认

35、为的那么有趣。As far as I am concerned，the book is .as hard-working as mehas made as much progress as metwice as much time and energy as she did beforenot as/so interesting as you think本句为本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：虚拟条件句中的运用如下：与与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过

36、去式(be动词一般用动词一般用were)，主主 句句谓语动词用谓语动词用“would/could/should/might动词原形动词原形”与与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had过去分词过去分词”，主句谓语，主句谓语动动 词词用用“would/could/should/mighthave过去分词过去分词”与与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式、将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式、were to do或或should do，主句主句谓语动词用谓语动词用“would/could/should/might动词原形动词原形”If it werent for sea ani

37、mals，we would all starve.要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。7if引导的虚引导的虚拟条件句拟条件句(1)受邀在这里做演讲我倍感荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是受邀在这里做演讲我倍感荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一如果我是一名环卫工人名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，让。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，让街上没有任何垃圾。街上没有任何垃圾。(应用文写作之演讲稿应用文写作之演讲稿)I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.Today th

38、e topic of my speech is“”._”._ _with no rubbish lying on the street.If I were a dustmanIf I were a dustman，I would makeour city cleaner(2)如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。the important exam.(3)如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。名的好消息。_that I ranked fir

39、st in the competition held yesterday.If I had followed your advice earlier，I would have passedIf I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I would inform him of the good news1adversity and courage2diary entries3full of vigour4be qualified5assign sb to do sth6essential supplies 逆境与勇气逆境与勇气日记摘录日记摘录精力充沛

40、精力充沛具备资格；能胜任具备资格；能胜任指派某人做某事指派某人做某事必需的供给品必需的供给品Language points:Important phrases (P37 P39)1 aspire to(do)sth2 be diligent in 3 be content with 4 the imperial examination 5 have sth at heart 6 propose doing sth7 with distinction追求追求 /渴求（做）某渴求（做）某事事在在方面是勤奋的方面是勤奋的Language Points:Important phrases(P85 P8

41、6)满足于满足于科举考试科举考试把某事放在心上把某事放在心上提议做某事提议做某事 以优异的成绩以优异的成绩8be at peace9be promoted to a higher position10 institute government reforms11 conservative bureaucrats12 go into exile 13 Memorial to Yueyang Tower14 personal welfare 处于和平时期处于和平时期升职升职实行政府改革实行政府改革保守派官僚保守派官僚被放逐被放逐岳阳楼记岳阳楼记个人福利个人福利Language Points:Important phrases(P85 P86)15serve in a high office at court16be concerned for 17wise words to live by18put.into practice在朝廷担任要职在朝廷担任要职对对关心关心行为准则行为准则把把付诸实践付诸实践Language Points:Important phrases(P85 P86)