Unit 4-6 语法定语从句讲解（ppt课件）-新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句 Lead-in:1.什么是定语？什么是定语？修饰名词或代词的词叫定语修饰名词或代词的词叫定语2.有哪些词可以做定语？有哪些词可以做定语？形容词、形容词、名词、名词、副词、副词、数词数词、分词、分词、不定式不定式 、一个句子、一个句子3.什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？修饰句子中修饰句子中_的从句的从句名词或代词名词或代词 先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。引导定语从句定语从句三要素：定语从句三要素：先行词先行词-关系词关系词-从句从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。

2、Id really like to find a friend who/whom/that I can trust completely.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Id really like to find a friend I can trust completely.定语从句三要素之间的关系：定语从句三要素之间的关系：关系词引导定语从句，代替先行词，在从句中作成分关系词引导定语从句，代替先行词，在从句中作成分whom/who/thatId really like to find a friend.I can trust the friend completely.关系词关系

3、词 关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that who whom whose 指人指物 that which as whosewhen where why主、宾、表主、宾、表主、宾、表主、宾、表宾宾定定定定（所属）（所属）（时间状语）（时间状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（地点状语）（地点状语）关系代词关系代词 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Is this the girl（who）you talked of in your letter?他就是你在信中谈及的那个女孩子吗？1.who 指人，在定语

4、从句中作主语，宾语指人，在定语从句中作主语，宾语(可省略可省略)，表语表语 Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可常可省略省略，在，在口口语语或或非正式非正式文体中常可用文体中常可用who 来代替。若紧跟来代替。若紧跟介词介词后，后，则用则用whom，不用，不用who。I visited a scientist whose name i

5、s known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。3.whose 指指人、物人、物皆可，与后面的名词有皆可，与后面的名词有所属所属关系，在定语从句中做关系，在定语从句中做定语定语。(1)I live in a room whose windows are all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.=I live in a room

6、the windows of which are all broken.(2)This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.=This is my teacher _ is excellent.=This is my teacher _ is excellent.注意：注意：whose+n.相当于相当于of+which/whom+the+n.或或the+n.+of+which/whom：of whom the handwritingthe handwriting of whom4.which 指物或事，在定语从句中做主语，指物或事，在定语从

7、句中做主语，宾语（可省略），宾语（可省略），表语表语。Basketball is a game which is liked by most people.篮球是大多数人所喜欢的运动。I dont like the book(which)you recommend to me.我不喜欢你推荐给我的那本书。5.that既可指人（既可指人（who 或或whom），又可指物（），又可指物（which）。）。在从句中作在从句中作主语，宾语主语，宾语(可省略可省略)，表语表语，但，但that不可直接不可直接放在介词后面。放在介词后面。He is the man that/who lives next d

8、oor.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。The person(that/whom)you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer.春天之后的季节是夏季。This is a place(that/which)all of us are eager to visit.这是一个我们大家都十分想参观的地方。注意：关系词只能用注意：关系词只能用that而不用而不用which指物指物的情况。的情况。（指人时可用（指人时可用who/whom）1.当先行词被形容词最高级或

9、者序数词修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.2.当先行词被the very,the only,the same,the last修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.注意：关系词只能用注意：关系词只能用that而不用而不用which指物指物的情况。的情况。（指人时可用（指人时可用who/whom）3.当先行词是不定代词everything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,much等，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,li

10、ttle,few,much等代词修饰时。All that can be done has been done.注意：关系词只能用注意：关系词只能用that而不用而不用which指物指物的情况。的情况。（指人时可用（指人时可用who/whom）4.当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。Who is the man that is standing by the gate?5.当先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.176.as在从句中在从句中作主语，宾语或作主语，

11、宾语或表语表语，意为，意为“正如，像正如，像”，限制性限制性定语从句中，先行词被定语从句中，先行词被as,so,such和和the same修饰，修饰，从句常用从句常用as引导。引导。My parents have not so much money as I want.(as作want的宾语)我父母没有我需要的那么多钱。Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.(as作从句的主语)那些对世界作出巨大贡献的人应该受到极大的尊重。186.在在非限制性非限制性定语从句中

12、，定语从句中，as代指整个代指整个主句主句，意为，意为“正如，正如，像像”。As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.众所周知，他是我们班最好的学生。As is often the case,Girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。限制性定语从句；限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。先行词：名词、代词或名词词组。译法上：先译从

13、句再译先行词。关系词：A A作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略 B B可用可用thatthat和和why Cwhy C可用可用whowho代替代替whomwhom限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。先行词：名词、名词词组或整个主句。译法上：主句从句分别翻译。关系词：A A不可省略不可省略 B B不用不用thatthat和和why Cwhy C不可用不可用whowho代替代替whomwhom非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句随堂练习随堂练习解题技巧：解题技巧：1.通过位置来判断从句通过位置来判断从句2.判断从句缺

14、什么成分判断从句缺什么成分3.看先行词看先行词缺主宾表，找关系代词缺主宾表，找关系代词缺状语，找关系副词缺状语，找关系副词指人指人指物指物时间时间地点地点原因原因1.The girl is dressed in a red coat is my sister.2.The boy we saw yesterday is Tom.who/whom/that who/that3.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.whose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法25 4.This is our classroom is

15、 bright.5.Ill recommend some films Id like to see.which/that6.I remembered the city I visited last year.which/that7.The room window faces south is mine.whosethat8.Is there any one here _ name is Tom?9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.10.Who _ has co

16、mmon sense will do such a thing.11.I dont know the way _ he worked out.12.The person to_ you just talked is Mr.Li.whosethatthatthat/in which/xxwhom关系副词定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when,where,why引导，它们在从句中作状语状语。I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。Theyl

17、l never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.他们永远不会忘记七月一日香港回归祖国的日子。他们永远不会忘记七月一日香港回归祖国的日子。1.关系副词关系副词when引导定语从句时，引导定语从句时，先行词先行词应是表示应是表示时间时间的名词，如的名词，如time,day,hour,year等。关系词在从句中作等。关系词在从句中作时间状语时间状语。This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.这是我十年前工作过的工厂。这是我十年前工作过的工厂。The house wh

18、ere I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。2.关系副词关系副词where引导定语从句时，引导定语从句时，先行词先行词应是表示应是表示地点或抽象地点地点或抽象地点的名词，如的名词，如place,factory,house,village等。关系词在从句中作等。关系词在从句中作地点状语地点状语。There are many reasons why people like traveling.人们喜欢旅游的原因有很多。人们喜欢旅游的原因有很多。The reason why he s

19、ucceed in the exam was that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很努力。他考试成功的原因是他学习很努力。3.关系副词关系副词why引导定语从句时，引导定语从句时，先行词先行词常为常为reason，关系词在从句中作关系词在从句中作原因状语原因状语。注意：关系副词注意：关系副词when,where,why可以相应地可以相应地转化为转化为“介词介词+which”结构。结构。I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.This is the factory where

20、 I worked ten years ago.There are many reasons why people like traveling.on whichin whichfor which总结关系副词:where,when,why时间时间 when=in/at/on/during which地点地点 where=at/in/on which原因原因 why=for which“when”means“at that time”,“where”means“at that place”,“why”is used after the word“reason”.指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从

21、句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语，用which或或that引导定语从句；指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作状语状语，用when,where,why引导定语从句。when,where,why与that,which辨析 a.This is the place where he works.This is the place which(that)we visited last year.b.That was the time when he arrived.Do you still remember the time that(which)we spent together?及物动词及物动词及物动

22、词及物动词c.This is the reason why/for which he went.The reason that(which)he gave us was quite reasonable.及物动词及物动词介词+关系代词 介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导的定语从句，位于介词之后的关系代词只能是只能是which或或whom，构成介词介词+which（指物）（指物）；介词介词+whom（指人）（指人）两种结构。关系代词前介词选择的原则：关系代词前介词选择的原则：1.根据定语从句中的根据定语从句中的谓语动词谓语动词或或形容词形容词和和介词介词的搭配关系的搭配关系选择。选择。Water i

23、s the natural medium in which fish live.(live in)水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.(be familiar with)他要我去查阅一些我不熟悉的参考书。他要我去查阅一些我不熟悉的参考书。关系代词前介词选择的原则：关系代词前介词选择的原则：2.根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。Ill never forget the day on

24、which she said goodbye to me.(on the day)我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。关系代词前介词选择的原则：关系代词前介词选择的原则：3.根据句子的意思选择。根据句子的意思选择。This is the book from which I got the story.这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。(句意中含有句意中含有“从从”的意思，故用介词的意思，故用介词 from)用介词用介词+关系代词填空。关系代词填空。This is the car _which I bought last ye

25、ar.This is the car _which I paid 100$.This is the car_ which I spent 100$.不填不填foronbought(buy)为及物动词，后面直接加宾语，无需加介词。为及物动词，后面直接加宾语，无需加介词。payfor意为意为“为为付（多少钱）付（多少钱）”spendon意为意为“在在花费（多少钱）花费（多少钱）”用介词用介词+关系代词填空。关系代词填空。This is the car _which I go to work every day.This is the car _ which I cant go to work.Th

26、is is the car _which the old woman was knocked down.inwithoutbyin the car强调状态，强调状态，“在车里在车里”。without the car与与cant go to work相对应。相对应。was knocked down by the car表示表示“被车撞倒被车撞倒”。by强调动作发出者。强调动作发出者。用介词用介词+关系代词填空。关系代词填空。This is the car _which a boy threw a stone.This is the car_ which we talked.This is the

27、 car _which the window was broken.ataboutofthrow sth.at sth.表示表示“把某物砸某物把某物砸某物”。talk about表示表示“谈论谈论”。the window of the car表示表示“车的窗户车的窗户”。1.The person _ you should write to is Mr.Ball.2.The person to _ you should write is Mr.Ball.3.The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting.4.The games in _

28、 he competed were swimming and shooting.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhichComplete the following sentences using attributive clauses.5.October 1,1949 is the day _we will never forget.6.Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?7.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.8.The pen _

29、he is writing now was bought yesterday.with whichthat/whichwhich/thatwhose9.He is the man _ you can turn for help.10.This is the tree under _ we used to play games.11.The farm _ we worked ten years ago isnt what is used to be.12.A biologist is a man _ has a great knowledge of biology.to whomwhichon

30、whichwho/that13.The poor boy _ lost both his parents last year lives with his grandfather.14.This is the factory _ he worked ten years ago.15.This is the factory _ makes toys.16.He is the boy _ family was poor.who/thatwhere/in whichwhosewhich/thatI have a dog 1 ears are long.I often walk it in the p

31、ark2 the air is fresh and heavy with the smell of beautiful flowers.The reason 3 I am fond of walking my dog is that it does good to its health.However,there was a time 4 I hated walking the dog.At one time,we lived in an old house 5 was located on the river bank.There was an atmosphere 6 .made me u

32、pset.The dog 7 barked loudly at night made me unable to fall asleep.And therefore I got angry with it.But now things have changed a lot.We live in a comfortable house with a big yard 8 the dog has more freedom to enjoy itself.It has a sharp sense of smell 9 I feel proud of.I feel lucky to have the dog 10 is loyal to me.whywhosewherewhenthat/which that/whichthat/which wherethat/whichthat/which