Winston-Churchill丘吉尔中英文简介综述课件.ppt

1、Page 1 Arvetica无忧PPT整理发布Winston Churchill (30 November 1874 24 January 1965)Never,never,never,never give up.永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill 温斯顿温斯顿伦纳德伦纳德斯宾塞斯宾塞丘吉尔爵士丘吉尔爵士Sir Winston Churchill was a British prime minister and statesman who led the country to victory against Nazi

2、Germany and the Axis powers in World War Two.Churchill was also an officer in the British Army,a historian,a writer,and an artist.He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature,and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.Family a

3、nd early life丘吉尔出生于英国的一个贵族家庭。他的祖上约翰丘吉尔出生于英国的一个贵族家庭。他的祖上约翰丘吉尔因在丘吉尔因在“光荣光荣革命革命”中支持威廉三世，且又在对西班牙和法国的战争中做为军队总司中支持威廉三世，且又在对西班牙和法国的战争中做为军队总司令取得胜利而于令取得胜利而于1702年被安妮女王封为马尔巴罗公爵（年被安妮女王封为马尔巴罗公爵（Duke of Malborough）.丘吉尔的父亲伦道夫丘吉尔的父亲伦道夫丘吉尔勋爵（丘吉尔勋爵（Randolph Churchill）是马尔巴罗）是马尔巴罗公爵七世的第三个儿子，是保守党公爵七世的第三个儿子，是保守党“樱草会樱草会”（

4、保守党中的一个派系，（保守党中的一个派系，以工人阶级为主）的创办人，曾担任过内阁中仅次于首相的财政大臣。以工人阶级为主）的创办人，曾担任过内阁中仅次于首相的财政大臣。丘吉尔的母亲珍妮丘吉尔的母亲珍妮杰罗姆是美国百万富翁、纽约时报股东之一的杰罗姆是美国百万富翁、纽约时报股东之一的伦纳德伦纳德杰罗姆的女儿。杰罗姆的女儿。Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough.Winstons father,Lord Randolph Churchill,the third son of John Spe

5、ncer-Churchill,7th Duke of Marlborough,was a politician;and his mother,Lady Randolph Churchill was the daughter of American millionaire Leonard Jerome.Family and early life1881年，7岁的丘吉尔被送入一个贵族子弟学校读书，丘吉尔是学校中最顽皮、最贪吃、成绩最差的学生之一，因此经常遭到老师的体罚，后来不得不转学到另一所学校。1888年丘吉尔进入仅次于伊顿公学的哈罗公学就读，但是成绩依然不佳，伦道夫勋爵于是决定在儿子毕业后将他

6、送到桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。Independent and rebellious by nature,Churchill generally did poorly in school,for which he was punished.He was educated at three independent schools:St.Georges School,Ascot,Berkshire,followed by Brunswick School in Hove,near Brighton and then at Harrow School from 17 April 1888,where hi

7、s military career began.Within weeks of his arrival,he had joined the Harrow Rifle Corps.Military serviceAfter Churchill left Harrow in 1893,he applied to attend the Royal Military College,Sandhurst.It took three attempts before he passed the entrance exam.丘吉尔在丘吉尔在1893年离开了哈罗公学，此后经过了三次入学考试，年离开了哈罗公学，此

8、后经过了三次入学考试，才于才于1893年成功考入桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。年成功考入桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。In 1895,Churchill travelled to Cuba to observe the Spanish fight the Cuban guerrillas;he had obtained a commission to write about the conflict from the Daily Graphic.In Cuba,he soon acquired a taste for Havana cigars,which he would smoke for the res

9、t of his life.1895年年10月，丘吉尔利用假期和朋友一起到古巴亲身体验一月，丘吉尔利用假期和朋友一起到古巴亲身体验一下西班牙和古巴人民起义的战争。由于其父亲的关系，丘吉下西班牙和古巴人民起义的战争。由于其父亲的关系，丘吉尔被英国情报部门看中，要他负责收集西班牙军队所使用的尔被英国情报部门看中，要他负责收集西班牙军队所使用的枪弹的情报，此外，枪弹的情报，此外，每日纪事报每日纪事报也聘请他为随军记者，也聘请他为随军记者，为该报发稿。为该报发稿。Military serviceMilitary serviceIn 1899,the Second Boer War between Br

10、itain and the Boer Republics broke out and he obtained a commission to act as war correspondent for the Morning Post.After some weeks in exposed areas he accompanied a scouting expedition in an armoured train,leading to his capture and imprisonment in a POW camp in Pretoria.His actions during the am

11、bush of the train led to speculation that he would be awarded the Victoria Cross,Britains highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy,but this did not occur.He escaped from the prison camp and travelled almost 300 miles to Portuguese Loureno Marques in Delagoa Bay,with the assistance of an

12、English mine manager.His escape made him a minor national hero for a time in Britain丘吉尔在同年丘吉尔在同年9月以月以晨邮报晨邮报记者的身份前往南非，采访第二次布尔战争。记者的身份前往南非，采访第二次布尔战争。在随英军士兵行伍途中，被布尔人俘虏（据闻是被日后成为南非总理的史在随英军士兵行伍途中，被布尔人俘虏（据闻是被日后成为南非总理的史末资所掳），被关押在普勒多利亚的战俘营。丘吉尔虽然是随军记者，但末资所掳），被关押在普勒多利亚的战俘营。丘吉尔虽然是随军记者，但因携带武器并参加战斗，布尔人拒绝释放他。到了因携带

13、武器并参加战斗，布尔人拒绝释放他。到了12月，丘吉尔大胆地独月，丘吉尔大胆地独自一人越狱成功，在当地一个英国侨民的帮助下逃到了洛伦索马贵斯自一人越狱成功，在当地一个英国侨民的帮助下逃到了洛伦索马贵斯（今莫桑比克首都马普托）的英国领事馆。这一经历使得他在英国的名声（今莫桑比克首都马普托）的英国领事馆。这一经历使得他在英国的名声大噪。大噪。Military serviceDuring his army career,Churchill saw action in India,in the Sudan and the Second Boer War.He gained fame and notori

14、ety as a war correspondent and through contemporary books he wrote describing the campaigns.He also served briefly in the British Army on the Western Front in World War I,commanding the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers.Political career to the Second World WarAt the forefront of the politic

15、al scene for almost fifty years,he held many political and cabinet positions.Before the First World War,he served as President of the Board of Trade,Home Secretary and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of the Asquith Liberal government.During the war he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty unt

16、il the disastrous Battle of Gallipoli caused his departure from government.He returned as Minister of Munitions,Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air.In the interwar years,he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Conservative government.Political career to the Second World

17、 WarAfter the outbreak of the Second World War,Churchill was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty.Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940,he became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and led Britain to victory against the Axis powers.Churchill was always noted for hi

18、s speeches,which became a great inspiration to the British people and embattled Allied forces.Churchill had been among the first to recognise the growing threat of Hitler long before the outset of the Second World War.By refusing an armistice with Germany,Churchill kept resistance alive in the Briti

19、sh Empire and created the basis for the later Allied counter-attacks of 194245,with Britain serving as a platform for the supply of Soviet Union and the liberation of Western Europe.Relations with the United StatesChurchills good relationship with Franklin D.Roosevelt secured vital food,oil and muni

20、tions via the North Atlantic shipping routes.It was for this reason that Churchill was relieved when Roosevelt was re-elected in 1940.Upon re-election,Roosevelt immediately set about implementing a new method of providing military hardware and shipping to Britain without the need for monetary paymen

21、t.Put simply,Roosevelt persuaded Congress that repayment for this immensely costly service would take the form of defending the US;and so Lend-lease was born.我没有别的，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水献给大家我没有别的，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水献给大家你们问：你们问：我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来答复：胜利，不惜一切代我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来答复：胜利，不惜一切代价去争取胜利，无论多么恐怖也要争取胜利，无论道路多么遥远价去争取

22、胜利，无论多么恐怖也要争取胜利，无论道路多么遥远艰难，也要争取胜利，因为没有胜利就无法生存。艰难，也要争取胜利，因为没有胜利就无法生存。I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears,and sweat.You ask,what is our aim I can answer in one word,It is victory.Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory,however long and hard the road may be,for without vic

23、tory there is no survival.Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties,and so bear ourselves,that if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years,men will still say,This was their finest hour.让我们勇敢地承担义务，这样如果大英帝国和她的联邦可以留让我们勇敢地承担义务，这样如果大英帝国和她的联邦可以留存千年的话，人们仍然会这么说：存千年的话，人们仍然会这么说：“

24、这是他们最光辉的时刻。这是他们最光辉的时刻。”我们将战斗到底。我们将在法国作战，我们将在海洋中作战，我我们将战斗到底。我们将在法国作战，我们将在海洋中作战，我们将以越来越大的信心和越来越强的力量在空中作战，我们将不们将以越来越大的信心和越来越强的力量在空中作战，我们将不惜一切代价保卫本土；我们将在海滩作战，我们将在敌人的登陆惜一切代价保卫本土；我们将在海滩作战，我们将在敌人的登陆点作战，我们将在田野和街头作战，我们将在山区作战，我们绝点作战，我们将在田野和街头作战，我们将在山区作战，我们绝不投降不投降.we shall fight in France,we shall fight on the

25、 seas and oceans,we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air,we shall defend our island,whatever the cost may be,we shall fight on the beaches,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,we shall fight in the hills;we shall never s

26、urrender.“在过去的在过去的25年中，没有一个人像我那样始终一贯地反对共产主年中，没有一个人像我那样始终一贯地反对共产主义。我并不想收回我说过的话，但是这一切在正在我们眼前展现义。我并不想收回我说过的话，但是这一切在正在我们眼前展现的情景对照之下，都已黯然失色了的情景对照之下，都已黯然失色了任何对第三帝国作战的个任何对第三帝国作战的个人或国家，都将得到我们的援助。任何跟着希特勒走的个人或国人或国家，都将得到我们的援助。任何跟着希特勒走的个人或国家，都是我们的敌人。家，都是我们的敌人。”The Cairo Declaration was signed on 27 November 194

27、3 and released in a Cairo Communiqu through radio on 1 December 1943,stating the Allies intentions to continue deploying military force until Japans unconditional surrender.The three main clauses of the Cairo Declaration are that Japan be stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seiz

28、ed or occupied since the beginning of the First World War in 1914,all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese,such as Manchuria,Formosa,and the Pescadores,shall be restored to the Republic of China,and that in due course Korea shall become free and independent.Relations with the Soviet Uni

29、onWhen Hitler invaded the Soviet Union,Winston Churchill,a vehement anti-Communist,famously stated If Hitler invaded Hell,I would at least make a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons,regarding his policy toward Stalin.Soon,British supplies and tanks were flowing to help the Sovi

30、et Union.During October 1944,he and Eden were in Moscow to meet with the Russian leadership.At this point,Russian forces were beginning to advance into various eastern European countries.Churchill held the view that until everything was formally and properly worked out at the Yalta conference,there

31、had to be a temporary,war-time,working agreement with regard to who would run what.在通向胜利的漫长岁月里，丘吉尔在其演讲中多次发出战斗到底的在通向胜利的漫长岁月里，丘吉尔在其演讲中多次发出战斗到底的誓言，表达了英国人民的心声。他说：誓言，表达了英国人民的心声。他说：“我们将永不停止，永不疲我们将永不停止，永不疲倦，永不让步，全国人民已立誓要负起这一任务：在欧洲扫清纳粹倦，永不让步，全国人民已立誓要负起这一任务：在欧洲扫清纳粹的毒害，把世界从新的黑暗时代中拯救出来。的毒害，把世界从新的黑暗时代中拯救出来。我们想夺

32、取的是我们想夺取的是希特勒和希特勒主义的生命和灵魂。仅此而已，别无其他，不达目希特勒和希特勒主义的生命和灵魂。仅此而已，别无其他，不达目的，誓不罢休。的，誓不罢休。”丘吉尔是英国历史上著名的首相，他的一生中创造了许多奇迹。他的头上戴有许多丘吉尔是英国历史上著名的首相，他的一生中创造了许多奇迹。他的头上戴有许多流光溢彩的桂冠，他是著作等身的作家、辩才无碍的演说家、经邦治国的政治家、流光溢彩的桂冠，他是著作等身的作家、辩才无碍的演说家、经邦治国的政治家、战争中的传奇英雄。他一生中写出了战争中的传奇英雄。他一生中写出了26部共部共45卷（本）专著，几乎每部著作出版卷（本）专著，几乎每部著作出版后都在

33、英国和世界上引起轰动，获得如潮好评，被翻译成多国文字在世界各国广为后都在英国和世界上引起轰动，获得如潮好评，被翻译成多国文字在世界各国广为发行，以致发行，以致星期日泰晤士报星期日泰晤士报曾断言：曾断言：“20世纪很少有人比丘吉尔拿的稿费还世纪很少有人比丘吉尔拿的稿费还多。多。”Churchills book马拉坎德远征史马拉坎德远征史 THE STORY OF THE MALAKAND FIELD FORCE河上战争河上战争 THE RIVER WAR第二次世界大战回忆录第二次世界大战回忆录 THE SECOND WORLD WAR英语民族史英语民族史 A HISTORY OF THE ENG

34、LISH-SPEAKING PE0PLES世界危机世界危机 THE WORLD CRISIS马尔巴罗的生平与时代马尔巴罗的生平与时代 MARLBOROUGH:HIS LIFE AND TIMES 1953年，他被授予诺贝尔文学奖。瑞典文学院在授予他诺贝尔文学奖的颁奖词中说：“丘吉尔成熟的演说，目的敏捷准确，内容壮观动人。犹如一股铸造历史环节的力。丘吉尔在自由和人性尊重的关键时刻的滔滔不绝的演说，却另有一番动人心魄的魔力。也许他自己正是以这伟大的演说，建立了永垂不朽的丰碑。”S席瓦兹院士在颁奖词中还说，“丘吉尔在政治上和文学上的成就如此之大，此前从未有过一位领袖人物能两样兼备而且如此杰出。”Wi

35、nston Churchills Painting and ArtPainting was a huge and lasting passion for Winston Churchill.Painting played a prominent role in the last 40 years of Churchills life though there is little to indicate from Churchills early life that he had any particular talent for art.I know of nothing which,with

36、out exhausting the body,more entirely occupies the mind Wrote Churchill on painting.丘吉尔名言全集丘吉尔名言全集 Success is not final,failure is not fatal:it is the courage to continue that counts.成功不要紧，失败不致命。继续前行的勇气，才最可贵。A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity;an optimist sees the opportunity in eve

37、ry difficulty.悲观主义者在每个机会里看到困难。乐观主义者在每个困难里看到机会。Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak;courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.勇气是能站起来侃侃而谈。勇气也是能坐下来静静倾听。“You have enemies?Good.That means youve stood up for something,sometime in your life.”你有敌人？很好。这说明在你的生命中的某个时刻，你曾经呐喊过。“My tastes ar

38、e simple:I am easily satisfied with the best.”要求不高，只求最好。“Men occasionally stumble over the truth,but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened.”人经常被真相困扰。但是大多数人装作没看见就走了。“If you are going through hell,keep going.”如果你感觉自己在走过地狱。走着别停。“A lie gets halfway around the world be

39、fore the truth has a chance to get its pants on.”谎言环游全球的时候，真相还没穿好裤子。It is not enough that we do our best;sometimes we must do what is required.仅仅做到我们的最好是不够的，有时候我们得达到要求。“Those that fail to learn from history,are doomed to repeat it.”不学习历史的人注定要重复错误。“Destiny is not a matter of chance,it is a matter of

40、choice;it is not a thing to be waited for,it is a thing to be achieved.”命运不靠机缘，而是靠你的抉择。命运不是等来的，而是争来的。“We are all worms,But I do believe that I am a glow worm.”我们都是小虫。但我是发着光的小虫。“Continuous effort-not strength or intelligence-is the key to unlocking our potential.”无限的努力是打开潜能的关键-而不是实力与头脑。“The greatest lesson in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes.”人生最重要的一课就是：傻子有时候也是对的。We are masters of the unsaid words,but slaves of those we let slip out.我们是没说出的话的主人。我们是说出的话的努力。