定语从句精准讲解(译林牛津高中教材高一学生用)课件.ppt

1、Attributive clause句容市实验高级中学 周龙明ContentsPeriod 1 总体介绍总体介绍Period 2 关系代词引导的定语从关系代词引导的定语从句句Period 3 关系副词引导的定语从关系副词引导的定语从句句Period 4 限制性定语从句与非限限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句制性定语从句关系词关系词先行词所先行词所指指关系词在句中关系词在句中作用作用关系关系代词代词that人/物主,宾,表which物主,宾who人主,宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主,宾,表Period 1 总体介绍总体介绍 注意点注意点:1.关系词的作用关系词的作用:1)连接作

2、用连接作用-把主句和从把主句和从句连接起来句连接起来 2)替代作用替代作用-在从句中代替在在从句中代替在它前面的先行词它前面的先行词 3)成分作用成分作用-在从句中充当在从句中充当一个成分一个成分2.关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略.3.定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致.4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种从句两种.5.非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略.E.g.1.The woman is a teacher./

3、The woman lives next door.The woman who/that lives next door is a teacher.2.We watched the play Teahouse./The play was written by Lao She.We watched the play Teahouse which/that was written by Lao She.3.The young man is a famous writer./You saw the young man yesterday.The young man whom/who/that/you

4、 saw yesterday is a famous writer.4.This is the house./Lu Xun once lived in the house.This is the house which/that/Lu Xun once lived in.A找出下列复合句中的主句、定语从句、先找出下列复合句中的主句、定语从句、先行词、关系代词行词、关系代词,并翻译成中文并翻译成中文：1.The lessons that he taught were not easily forgotten.2.The film which we saw last night was wonde

5、rful.3.A plane is machine that can fly.4.The person whom they wanted to visit is a student.5.The book that he bought is very interesting.6.Yesterday we went to the school that you visited last week.7.I know a lady whose husband is writer.8.The girl who went there is my sister.9.The desk whose legs a

6、re broken is very old.10This is the dictionary which you mentioned yesterdayB将下列两个简单句合并为一个带有定语从句的复合句将下列两个简单句合并为一个带有定语从句的复合句：1.The girl is not here.She is going to sing a song.2.The man is rich.He is working in the factory.3.The school is a big one.The school stands near the river.4.Have you answered

7、 the letter?You got the letter two weeks ago.5.The boy student is very young.He won the game.6.Hell meet his daughter.He hasnt seen her for years.7.My uncle bought the bike last week.The bike has been stolen.8.How is the man?You saw him yesterday afternoon.9.Dont buy the vegetables.They sell them in

8、 the market.10.The bike is very old.I lent it to you this morning.11.The house is very old.Its windows face south.12.The girl works very hard.Her father is a doctor.C;用关系代词用关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose填空填空：1.The earthquake shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know th

9、e number of people_ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3.The house they built in 1987 is still very new.4.The house is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5.Luckily none of the people I know were killed.6.The boy father is a teacher is very clever.7.A clock is a machine tells people th

10、e time.8.A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh.9.April 1 is the day is called April Fools Day in the west.10.The house he is looking for is very expensive.Period 2 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句一、由一、由who,whom,whose 引导的定语从引导的定语从句。句。who用作主语，用作主语，whom用作宾语，用作宾语，whose用作定语。用作定语。1).This is the man w

11、ho helped me.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room 201.2).I know the doctor./His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.3).Have you seen my book?/The books cover is red.Have you seen my book whose cover is red?注意点：注意点：whose在定语从句中作定语，表示在定语从句中作定语，表示关系词与其后面

12、的名词为所属关系。关系词与其后面的名词为所属关系。whose可指人，也可指物。指物时可与可指人，也可指物。指物时可与of which互互换使用，指人时可与换使用，指人时可与of whom互换使用。互换使用。whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom/which =of+whom/which+the+n.E.g.The house whose roof is brown is mine.=The house the roof of which is brown is mine.=The house of which the roof is brown is mine.二、二、who的特殊情况

13、：的特殊情况：1.先行词是先行词是all,everyone,one,ones,anyone且且做主语时做主语时,用用who.1).Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2).One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.3).Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here.2.先行词是先行词是those时时,用用who.Those who want to see the fil

14、m sign up here.三、由三、由that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句that 在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。的宾语。This is the school in that you will study.()This is the school in which you will study.()This is the school that/which/you will study in.()注意点：在下列几种情况下必须用注意点：在下列几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。

15、引导定语从句。(1)不定代词不定代词something,anything,nothing,all,any,little,much,few等作先行词等作先行词.(2)先行词被先行词被all,much,few,little,every,each,no,some,any等词修饰等词修饰.All that we have to do is to practise every day.Is there anything that I can do for you?Something that we heard was of great importance.I have read all the boo

16、ks that you gave me.(3)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,just the修饰修饰.(5)先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时.(4)先行词被形容词最高级先行词被形容词最高级,序数词或序数词或the last修饰修饰.The only thing that we can do is to wait.This is the very pen that I am looking for.This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.The first thing that I learne

17、d will never be forgotten.They talked of things and persons that they remembered.(6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，无论先行词是人还是物，用无论先行词是人还是物，用that引导定引导定语从句语从句.(7)当句中已有当句中已有who或或which时，为避免重复时，为避免重复.He is no longer the man that he used to be.Who is the man that is talking to John?四、当先行词为四、当先行词为way时，在定语从

18、句中作状时，在定语从句中作状语时，关系词可以有三种情况：语时，关系词可以有三种情况：that,in which 或不填。或不填。I dont like the way that/in which/you talked to your mother.The way that/which/he explained to us was quite simple.(作宾语作宾语)The way that/in which/he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.（作状语）（作状语）1.The man _ talke

19、d to you just now is an engineer.A.who B.whose C.which D.whom 2.The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A.the nurse is talking to him B.the nurse is talking to C.whom the nurse is talking D.who the nurse is talking3.Here is the bicycle _ in the shop.A.that you saw it B.that saw it C.you saw D.

20、you saw it4.I _ your friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.that is C.who am D.who are5.She lives in a house _ windows face south.A.whose B.which C.that D.who6.This is the student _ father is a pilot.A.who B.whom C.whose D.that7.Those _ not only from books but also through practice will

21、succeed.A.learn B.who C.that learns D.who learn8.This is the only thing _ I can do now.A.who B.which C.that D.all9.I have read all the magazines _ you gave me.A.which B.that C.who D.whose10.The scientist told us it was the smallest living thing _could be seen under a microscope.A.that B.which C./D.w

22、ho11.Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?A.who B./C.that D.when 12.Finally the thief hand over everything _he had stolen to the police.A.that B.which C.what D.Whose13.Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.A.which price B.the price of whose C.its price D.whose price14.The pro

23、fessors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers _ they had seen.A.that B.who C.which D.what15.The river _ banks used to be covered with fruit trees and flowers is now seriously polluted.A.of which B.along which C.where D.whose16.I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A.

24、what B.by which C.by that D./17.This is the very chance _ I am looking forward to.A.to which B.which C.whose D.that18.Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand.A.which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree19.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Monday?A.one B.the one C.whic

25、h D.that 20.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the onePeriod 3 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句1.由由where引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时，常用一个表示地点的名词时，常用where引导。引导。A book office is a place where tickets are sold.（where在从句中做状语）在从句中做状语）A book office is a place in which

26、 tickets are sold.This is the house where he lives.This is the house in which he lives.This is the house which/that/he lives in.在定语从句中关系副词在定语从句中关系副词where=介词介词+which2.定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用when引导。引导。I still remember the year when we studied together.I still remember the year in whic

27、h we studied together.I still remember the year which/that/we studied in together.在定语从句中关系副词在定语从句中关系副词when=介词介词+which3.由由why引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。（1）关系副词）关系副词why的先行词只有的先行词只有reason,在从在从句中作原因状语。句中作原因状语。Do you know the reason why I left early?Do you know the reason for which I left early?在定语从句中关系副词在定语从句中关系副词

28、why=介词介词for+which（2）但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而）但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用是作宾语时仍用that/which.The reason that/which/he gave us was unacceptable.二、关系代词和关系副词的选二、关系代词和关系副词的选用。用。在定语从句中选用关系代词还是关系副词要在定语从句中选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定。看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定。试比较：试比较：1.This is the factory that/which produces TV sets.This i

29、s the factory where/in which my father once worked.2.Ill never forget the day that/which/we spent together in the countryside.Ill never forget the day when/on which his house was broken into.三、介词三、介词+关系代词引导的定语关系代词引导的定语从句从句“介词关系代词介词关系代词“结构中关系代词只可用结构中关系代词只可用whom或或which,不可用不可用that或或who。其中。其中whom指代人，指代人

30、，which指代物。指代物。Who is the comrade with whom you shook hands?This is the neighborhood from whom I borrowed the bicycle.注意点：1）注意关系代词的位置）注意关系代词的位置 介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词在关系代词前时，只能用which 和和whom,不能用不能用that 代替代替,也不可省略；介词在句尾时，也不可省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可关系代词可which,that,whom,who，而且还可，而且还可以省略。以省略。This is the person with whom

31、you are going to work.=This is the person whom/who/that/you are going to work with.Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning?=Have you seen the pen which/that/I wrote letters with this morning?2)关系代词前的介词如何确定？关系代词前的介词如何确定？A.依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配This is the book on which I s

32、pent five yuan.This is the book for which I paid five yuan.This is the book from which I learnt a lot.This is the book about which Tom often talks.B.依据先行词的习惯搭配确定依据先行词的习惯搭配确定I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.I still remember the days during which I lived in the country.C.根据所表达的意思确定

33、根据所表达的意思确定The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.3)像像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of等固定短语动词，等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of.This is the

34、 book which/that I am looking for.4)名词名词/代词代词/数词数词+of+which/whom 引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。They talked about a movie，the name of which Ive never forgotten In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,16 of which were won by women China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan Chaplin went to t

35、he states in 1910，by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom/of whom the name/whose name Ive never forgottenExercise A：用：用when，where，why填空填空1.Do you still remember the place you were born?2.I dont remember the date my father were born3.Do you know

36、 the reason he killed himself?4.He was born in the year the Second World War broke out5.Please tell me the reason he is angry6.A:This is the place Lu Xun once lived.B:This is the place we visited last Sunday.7.A:Ill never forget the days we studied together.B:Ill never forget the days we spent toget

37、her.8.A:The reason he came late is that he got up late.B:The reason he gave for his absence is untrueExercise B：用介词：用介词+关系代词关系代词填空填空1.Are you interested in any songs youve listened.2.Tomorrow is a particular day his daughter will get married.3.This is the knife I usually cut bread.4.We cant live wit

38、hout the sun we get heat and light.5.The subject Eric is interested is physics.6.This is the good car I spent all my money.7.She is the teacher all his students show respect.8.Do you know the girl our head teacher is shaking hands?9.I cant find my dictionary I paid over$100.10.The teacher you have b

39、een waiting is coming in a minute.Period 4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：People who take physical exercise live longer.(若把从句去掉若把从句去掉,句子就失去意义句子就失去意义)His daughter,who is in London now,is coming home next week.(若把从句去掉若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整句子意义仍然完整)一、限制性定语从句与非限制一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：性定语从句：限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与从句与先

40、行词先行词的关系的关系从句是先行词不可缺少从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或句的意思就会不完整或不明确。不明确。从句只是对先行词的附从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去加说明，如果省去,主句主句的意思仍然清楚或完整的意思仍然清楚或完整标标 点点 从句和主句之间不用逗从句和主句之间不用逗号分开号分开从句和主句之间通常用从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开逗号分开关关系系代代词词指人指人who(that)whom指物指物which(that)人和物的人和物的whose关系代词在从句中作宾关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去语时可以省去指人指人who（作主语）（作主

41、语）whom（做宾语）（做宾语）指物指物which人和物的人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省关系代词一般不可省修饰修饰 从句只修饰一个名词或从句只修饰一个名词或代词代词可以修饰一个名词或代可以修饰一个名词或代词词,也可修饰整个主句也可修饰整个主句非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。I have lost my pen,which I like very much.She is always late for class,which makes the teacher angry.Peter

42、drove too fast,which was dangerous.This is our classroom,in front of which stands a big tree.二、as引导的定语从句（1）as用作关系词引导限制性定语从句，并用作关系词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成 same.as,such.as,so.as(as在从句中作主语，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语宾语，表语)等结构。等结构。I want to have such a dictionary as he has.试比较：试比较：He is such a goo

43、d student that all the teachers like him.He is such a good student as all the teachers like.（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、表语和宾语，这个定语从句说中做主语、表语和宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。之后。Li Ping is good at English,as we all know.As is known to all,he studies very hard.As we all know,

44、China is a developing country.常用于这种类似插入语的句式有常用于这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above,as is already mentioned above,as is known to all,as it is,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper,as the old saying goes etc.从句可以在主句之前、之后；先行词从句可以在主句之前、之后；先行词往往是整个主句。往往是整个主句。注意：注意：which 和和 as 的区别：的区别：which不能放在句首，而

45、不能放在句首，而as则可以；则可以；在句中时，在句中时，as有有“正如正如”、“就像就像”之意，之意，而而which 没有。没有。He likes telling jokes in class,which makes his class very interesting.He was late again,as is often the case.三三、where 引导定语从句时，先行词既可引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是明确的地点，也可以是抽象的地点，以是明确的地点，也可以是抽象的地点，或指某种状态或场合。常见的先行词有：或指某种状态或场合。常见的先行词有：situation,point,ca

46、se,occasion,stage,activity,system,job,sports,family,etc.It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.Life is lik

47、e a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.1.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A.that B.where C.which D.the one 3.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that

48、 B.where C.which D.the one 4.The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.A.at which B.on that C.in which D.of what 5.That tree,_ branches are almost bare,is very old.A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 6.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.what

49、 7.He failed in the examination,_ made his father very angry.A.which B.it C.that D.what 8.Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that 9.Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn B.who C.that le

50、arns D.who learn 10.Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 11.Didnt you see the man _?A.I nodded just now B.whom I nodded just now C.I nodded to him just now D.I nodded to just now 12.He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are ke