北京市高中英语课堂-第二课时(下)-七选五之结构逻辑策略课件.pptx

1、七选五解题策略之结构&逻辑12逻辑关系0222022-11-23Logical cohesionWith conjunctionsNo conjunctionscontext转折关系：but,however,yet,instead,instead of,otherwise等因果关系：so,therefore,thus,consequentlyasaresult,because,since,as 等递进关系：besides,moreover,mostimportantly,inaddition,furthermore,whats more等并列关系：and,also,then,plus,too,

2、not onlybut also 等对比、比较关系：on the contrary,in/by contrast,oppositely,in comparison,similarly等解释关系：for example,in other words,that is(to say),in fact,actually等32022-11-232019石景山期末 How to Treat Hoarding Disorder(囤积症)Stephanie suffers from hoarding disorder,thought to affect an estimated 3.4 million peo

3、ple in the UK to some degree.But,like many,she didnt think it was something doctors would treat.47 In fact,hoarding is recognized as a psychiatric disorder(精神疾病)by the World Health Organization.It can be associated with other mental health conditions such as depression and social anxiety,etc.Those a

4、ffected people will collect anything,such as clothes,newspapers,photos,even printouts of emails.A.So she didnt seek any help.C.However,it can be successfully treated with the right mix of treatment methods.后文没有阐述如何treat,因此，C不正确。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:因果(关联词)2.142022-11-232013北京高考 策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:因-果(无关联词)2.1Urba

5、nizationLarge cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies.It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities._74 .Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite and the servants,laborers and profe

6、ssionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in small towns.G.Modern cities have destroyed s

7、ocial relations and the health of human beings.52022-11-232019海淀二模Exam Anxiety So what can you do to fight against the negative mindset and stay calm before and during your test?49 Yes,this seems obvious,but its worth repeating.If you feel confident that youve prepared thoroughly,youll feel more con

8、fident walking into the test.The second tip is simple:just start.The blank page can maximize your anxiety.You can always go back and change things later if needed,but a few quick answers can get the ball rolling.Besides,allocating(分配)your time is equally important.Look through the whole test before

9、getting started.Mentally allocate how much time youll spend on each section.If theres time to recheck,even better.A.The first thing you should do is to be prepared.G.After you get the paper,dive right in by getting some questions done to build up your confidence.策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:并列(表次序的关联词)2.262022-11-2

10、3Start with why.“Why did the author write this piece?”is the key question asked to identify authors purpose.To help students expand their understanding of“why,”post various types of nonfiction(an advertisement,opinion article,news article,etc.)around your classroom and have students quickly identify

11、 a purpose for each.47 2019西城一模F.Expand students awareness of why people write by having them write for different purposes.G.Or keep a running Authors Purpose board with a list of the various reasons that authors write.E 划线部分与前一句重复策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:并列(关联词)2.272022-11-232019西城二模Healthy See,Healthy Do Adjo

12、ian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their citys crowded urban checkout areas,so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.49 Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.B.They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less

13、 often.D.The supermarkets began to offer nutritious,lower-calorie foods.F.They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:并列(主语一致)2.282022-11-23Exam AnxietyEveryone feels stressed during exams.Usually,it results from a fear of failure,lack of adequate pr

14、eparation time and bad experiences taking tests in the past.This is normal and often helps you work harder,think faster and generally improve your performance.47 You may also feel that other people are managing the exam better than you.This can cause you to feel that your mind has“gone blank”on info

15、rmation you know you have revised.2019海淀二模E.Realizing time is almost up and that theres still a lot of blank space will make you desperate.F.However,if you are overly anxious about the result,you may be unable to focus on your work.策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:转折(关联词)2.392022-11-232018朝阳二模Rich and FamousTwenty year

16、s ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher,followed by working in banking and finance,and then medicine.But todays situation is quite different._51_ Instead they most commonly say they want to be a sports star,a pop star,or an actorin other words,they hope to become a ce

17、lebrity(名人).A.The younger generation dont favor these professions any more.B.In many ways this has been brought about by the celebrity culture.B 和空前一句也许构成因果关系，但是和空后无转折关系，所以错。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:转折(关联词)2.3102022-11-232019昌平期末What is mental health?Research shows that high levels of mental health are associat

18、ed with increased learning,creativity and productivity.49 In contrast,mental health conditions can cause distress and bad effect on relationships.They are also related to poor physical health and death from suicide.E.They can also improve social relationships and physical health.G.But its important

19、to remember that mental health is complex.G先于in contrast开始转折，而后in contrast 再表示对比，使in contrast 显得多余，因此错。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:对比(关联词)2.4112022-11-232011北京高考While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise,it is closely connected with critical thinking.If the structure of your speech is loose and conf

20、used,chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused.If,on the other hand,the structure is clear,there is a good chance your thinking is too.Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have._73_ARather,it is an important part of shaping the ideas themse

21、lves.DIt has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world,only reorganized ideas.Public Speaking and Critical Thinking策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:对比(前否后肯)2.4122022-11-23 Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.71 201

22、7北京高考C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.G.Tononis team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.G 测量需要结果或者下一步行为，放在空白处话没说完。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:比较(关联词)2.4132022-11-23Charisma54 For example,if you stand up straight and raise your chest,y

23、ou are more likely to feel confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you.Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners.They give others the impression of being focused and modest.2018朝阳一模A.This type of physical presence can be used to great effect.B.Today t

24、here is growing evidence that charisma can be learned.C.Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings.B 列举的例子里不涉及学习。C 讲的是有魅力的人本身该积极主动和灵活，不涉及身体形态产生的影响，所以C和后文没有例证关系。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:解释(关联词)2.5142022-11-232013北京高考UrbanizationOver the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution h

25、as broken this balance between the city and the country 75_ Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.F.Modernization drew people to the cities

26、 and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.空前出现了城市和乡村两个概念，而G只出现了城市；C城市居住对于人的影响，跟下文多少乡村人养活多少城市人没关系。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:解释(无关联词)2.5152022-11-232019朝阳一模Can We Stop Food Longing Through Imaginary Eating?The research is the first to show that

27、 habituation can occur through the power of the mind.“If you just think about the food itselfhow it tastes and smellsthat will increase your appetite,”said Carey Morewedge,a well-known psychologist.“It might be better to force yourself to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in ord

28、er to reduce your longing.47 Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldnt prevent you from eating lots of cheese,”he added.A.Whats more,this only works with the specific food youve imagined.B.It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food.B meant是解释说明上文，而add是补充

29、说明上文，不是一种关系。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:递进(关联词)2.6162022-11-23 A Wonder PlantBamboo is a wonder plant.Its ecological role extends beyond providing food and habitat for animals.Bamboo tends to grow in stands made up of groups of individual plants that grow from root systems.Its extensive root systems are crucial in

30、 preventing water loss and soil erosion.53 In India 25%of paper produced is made from bamboo fiber,and in Brazil,100,000 hectares of bamboo are grown for its production.Because of its flexibility and strength,it has traditionally been used in construction.Bamboo is often the only readily available r

31、aw material for people in many developing countries.E.Besides,bamboos most immediate significance lies in its economic value.F.More than a billion people rely on bamboo for either their shelter or income.F 中的用途和前后句都不搭。策略策略逻辑关系逻辑关系:递进(关联词)2.62018丰台二模172022-11-23StructureLogical cohesionBeginning&End:

32、summary(sub)Title:summaryBeginning&End:transition 转折关系：but，however，yet，instead,instead of,otherwise等因果关系：so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult,because,since,as 等递进关系：besides,moreover,mostimportantly,inaddition,furthermore,whats more等并列关系：and,also,then,plus,too,not onlybut also 等对比、比较关系：on the contrary,in/by contrast,oppositely,in comparison,similarly等解释关系：for example,in other words,that is(to say),in fact,actually等with conj.without conj.182022-11-23