英语四级写作常见错误分析和高分作文课件.ppt

1、英语四级写作常见错误分析和高分作文一.防止无意义失分v字数120-150v语法错误（I is Roman）v拼写错误（inportant）v以上三类低级错误，让阅卷者对你作文的印象大打折扣。二.得无意义的分v13秒 总体评分法（印象分）v误区“内容好=高分”v正确的写法应该是：v书写整洁v三段分明v段首句强悍v用外语写作文，最容易犯的错误是什么？一.语法错误v（一）句子结构错误 1.1.主从句叠置v (1)There are more and more students like to use the computer.v (2)There are still many problems sh

2、ould be noted and resolved.whothat2.2.简单句叠置vI like chatting on line very much,and I go to the net bar almost every weekend.so3.3.从句叠置vAs is known to all that computers play an important role in many fields of our life.It is known to all that computers play an important role in many fields of our lif

3、e.,4.句子成分缺失vIf work hard,we will surely be successful.Working hard,we will surely be successful.we5.5.语序错误v1.Why college students spend more and more time on the computer?v2.I often wonder where have they got their money.do have6.6.语态错误v1.I have excited several days at the news that you will come.v2

4、.Most of the students satisfy with the service in the ding hall.beenare satisfied(二).).动词错误v1.1.时态错误v Many people thought that the internet will be more useful in the future.think2.2.单复数错误v1.Wise man seek opportunities rather than wait for them.A wise man seeks opportunities rather than wait for the

5、m.v2.Someone are afraid that computers may control men in the future.menpeople3.3.非谓语动词错误v1.Do exercise in the morning is good for ones health.v2.Having studied in our school for 3 years,the canteen service has changed a lot.DoingI find that（三）代词错误v1.We can use computers in doing everything you like

6、.v2.A college student should be able to do their washing on their own.weCollege students（四）冠词错误v1.Horse is an useful animal.v2.The exam will be held in the December,2004.AThe horse(五）词性错误v1.I wish you can consider my suggests.v2.If a person wants to success,he must learn to endure sufferings and set

7、backs.suggestions.succeed二.用词错误v1.Students must know how to apply a computer.v2.People can touch many new things on the Internet.v3.The purpose of this letter is to react some opinions on the service in the dining hall.operateuselearnexpress三.表达习惯错误v1.Now 6000 yuan can buy a P4 computer.Now 6000 yua

8、n is enough for you to buy a P4 computer.Now you can buy a P4 computer for 6000 yuan.v2.A room often lives 6-8 students.In a三.表达习惯错误v3.I think this great change has three reasons.I think there are three reasons for this great change.v4.The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty o

9、f money without working hard.that四.标点符号及大小写错误v1.However,every coins has two sides,I think the surroundings in our canteen are the best among all universities.v2.The man was racing down the street.Because he was late for the class.vThe best English film in my eyes is King.coin.b,King Internet or News

10、papers?Internet or Newspapers?v第一段：v When people face the question“how to get When people face the question“how to get information”,different people hold different information”,different people hold different（能换词不）views.(views.(有个状语从句，还不错。但是更精练的，有品位的可用分词-Facing with question of“how to Facing with qu

11、estion of“how to obtain informationobtain information)v Some argue that it is a good way of getting Some argue that it is a good way of getting information to use internet.Because(information to use internet.Because(这两个句子应当是一个句子)its convenient and speedful()its convenient and speedful(用词错误）.v（Some a

12、rgue that it is a good way to get Some argue that it is a good way to get information by utilizing internet for it is convenient information by utilizing internet for it is convenient and speedyand speedy)vThere are rich resources in There are rich resources in internet.It internet.It（能用定语从句不）can ca

13、n provide various news to us in time.provide various news to us in time.v(Internet,with rich resources,can(Internet,with rich resources,can considerably provide various news considerably provide various news to us in time.)to us in time.)v（或In time,with rich resources,can In time,with rich resources

14、,can internet considerably provide internet considerably provide various news to us.various news to us.）第二段v However others still think that we should However others still think that we should learn recent(learn recent(currentcurrent或 recently-occuredrecently-occured)news)news from newspapers.from n

15、ewspapers.v For newspapers is anthoritative and cheap.For newspapers is anthoritative and cheap.Especially,its appropriate for the old who cant Especially,its appropriate for the old who cant operate computer.operate computer.v(可以变成一个句子However others holds the However others holds the opposite view

16、that the latest information could opposite view that the latest information could be learned through press or publications be learned through press or publications for for they,they,as an authoritive yet cheap means to gain as an authoritive yet cheap means to gain informationinformation,are,are hig

17、hly highly appropriateappropriate for people for people especially for the old who are not able to especially for the old who are not able to operate computer.operate computer.)低分作文的特征低分作文的特征v语法错误较多vChinglishv句型过于简单啰嗦如何避免低级错误如何避免低级错误v1.写完整的句子v典型错误一：Jinjin holding the torch as if that is her life.1.1

18、.写完整的英文句写完整的英文句v典型错误二：vSome people think we should resist Carrefour.Because a boycott（联合抵制）will make the French realize that Chinese people are angry.2.2.要有一定程度的省略要有一定程度的省略v典型错误一：vTibet was a part of China,Tibet is a part of China,and Tibet will always be a part of China.省略要正确省略要正确v典型错误二：vChina Yao

19、always has and will always do his best to win the games.v-China Yao has always done and will-China Yao has always done and will continue to do his best to win the continue to do his best to win the games.games.3.3.句号一定要用对句号一定要用对vJay Chous newly released movie Kungfu Dunk has hit the cinema,I am goin

20、g to see it tomorrow.v-Jay Chous newly released movie Kungfu Dunk has hit the cinema andand I am going to see it tomorrow.v-has hit the cinema.I am going to see it tomorrow.中层次作文水平中层次作文水平v语法错误时有出现v内容不够v结构性词汇不够明显内容填充内容填充v住在大城市的好处和坏处advantagesvThe reason why I prefer to live in the big cities is that

21、there are more job opportunities,education opportunities and better living conditions in the big cities than in the small towns.disadvantagesvBut the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high.Whats more,there is more gas and noise pollution in the city.四级作文评分标准四级作文评分标准1414分档分档切题。表达思想

22、清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。1111分档分档切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。8 8分档分档基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。5 5分档分档基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。2 2分档分档条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。评分原则评分原则v评分原则：评分原则：CETCET作文题采用总体评分（作文题采用总体评分（Global ScoringGlobal Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（给出奖励分（Reward Sc

23、oresReward Scores），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。v从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而和合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而和合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。避免趋中倾向。该给高分给高分，包括满分

24、；该给低错误是否造成理解上的障碍。避免趋中倾向。该给高分给高分，包括满分；该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。分数。v 从以上评分标准和评分原则可以看出，写作要拿高分必须内容和语言并重。内从以上评分标准和评分原则可以看出，写作要拿高分必须内容和语言并重。内容上，要切题并充分表达主题。切题即写作围绕主题，不跑题、不偏题，不写与主容上，要切题并充分表达主题。切题即写作围绕主题，不跑题、不偏题，不写与主题无关的内容。只要大家认真审题，准确把握作文主题与要求，切题不难。充分表题无关的

25、内容。只要大家认真审题，准确把握作文主题与要求，切题不难。充分表达主题意即文章要涵盖全部写作要点，论证说理充分（或描述准确详细、说明透彻达主题意即文章要涵盖全部写作要点，论证说理充分（或描述准确详细、说明透彻到位）。语言上，则要表意准确、前后连贯、没有或很少语法错误。到位）。语言上，则要表意准确、前后连贯、没有或很少语法错误。v 另外，根据笔者掌握的改卷经验，考生还需注意以下几点：另外，根据笔者掌握的改卷经验，考生还需注意以下几点：1.1.保持字迹工整美保持字迹工整美观，尽量不涂改或少涂改，最好先列提纲，动笔时想清楚再写，避免不必要的印象观，尽量不涂改或少涂改，最好先列提纲，动笔时想清楚再写，

26、避免不必要的印象失分；失分；2.2.心中有心中有“数数”，不少不多，不少不多，避免不必要的字数失分；避免不必要的字数失分；3.3.突出重点部分，突出重点部分，即开头、结尾和主体段的主题句即开头、结尾和主体段的主题句。开头与结尾在表达到位的前提下，要尽量突出新。开头与结尾在表达到位的前提下，要尽量突出新意与高度，适当使用高级句式；主体段则要做到主题句直截了当、简洁鲜明，例证意与高度，适当使用高级句式；主体段则要做到主题句直截了当、简洁鲜明，例证准确有新意，逻辑严谨，衔接自然；准确有新意，逻辑严谨，衔接自然；4 4.慎用模板与万能句式。慎用模板与万能句式。如实在难以摆脱，如实在难以摆脱，应注意使用

27、得当，使其符合主题，前后连贯自然。应注意使用得当，使其符合主题，前后连贯自然。下表为下表为“2010/062010/062017/06 2017/06 四级作文四级作文真题真题”的统计表。的统计表。由上表可见，从2012年12月开始，四级作文已摆脱给提纲的模式，写作要求通过简单的提示给出，这就要求考生懂得通过阅读写作提示来把握写作主题、内容与形式。就话题而言，四级写作主要涉及社会热点、校园生活和日常生活。主题涵盖了教育、环保、学习、就业、友情、手机、互联网等。就体裁而言，四级写作体裁主要有三种：论说文、描写文和应用文。论说文、描写文和应用文。其中，论说文有两种特殊出题方式，图画图画和图表和图表

28、。论说文占大多数，是考查的重点，描写文与应用文近年来比例有所提升，应该引起足够重视。应用文在最近八年里分别于2012年12月，2016年6月，2017年6月出现了三次，分别是申请信、感谢信与广告。考察次数明显增多，应予以一定重视。大家应了解常用的应用文类型与其写作特点与格式，如家信、求职信、倡议书、申请书、感谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、招聘启事、销售广告等。2 2个注意点v1、写作中两类避免使用的单词v口语词vYou know,wellvhey man,what up?vgonna wannav生僻词(也别用太大了，考官不认识怎么办）It pays to Be HonestIt pays to Be

29、 HonestvYou should write at least 120 words You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in according to the outline given below in Chinese.Chinese.v1.1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。v2.2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。单词闪光 v1414分的作文前几句 vAlthough honesty is believed to be a virtue,Although honesty is b

30、elieved to be a virtue,there are still dishonest people in our society.there are still dishonest people in our society.For example,some businessmen sell fake For example,some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers;some students product to their consumers;some students cheat in the exams.ch

31、eat in the exams.v评论：几乎没有犯错。首先语法没有什么错误。第一句用了个there be there be 句型，无比庸俗，但就是没错。其次，这个句子当中有一些闪光词：1 1）fake fake productproduct假冒产品,fake,fake用的很好。有的同学到现在还可能只会写bad product;2)consumerbad product;2)consumer有的同学不会这个词，只知道buyerbuyer8 8分的作文vIn our modern social life,there are many examples around us show many pe

32、ople are cheated.Advertisements cheat people,salesmen cheat people,even ones closest friends cheat him or her.v第一句有语法错误。第二句说广告骗人，销售人员骗人，这两个人都用的是people.这不太单调和低级了吗？是不是可以换成 consumer或customer呢？换上这些词就马上有了闪光点v第二个cheat可以改成fool.第三个cheat可以改成lie tov showing thatshowing that2 2、用词准确多样一、准确性比如在图表类作文当中呢我们会经常表达“有很

33、大的增长”，很多同学啊会写成-a big-a big increase.increase.请大家注意bigbig不够准确，我们应当写成 a sharp increase.a sharp increase.平时多注意收集准确、地道、多样的用词，尤其注意收集和使用搭配。当然是从阅读中收集。具体来说，可以收集以下三种搭配。形容词+名词 如a sharp increasea sharp increase动词+名词 如make a mistake,commit a make a mistake,commit a crime,commit suicide.crime,commit suicide.动词+副

34、词 如expand sharply/dramaticallyexpand sharply/dramatically多样性 vA.A.用同义词替代v例1:A 1:A 对 B B很重要.v1 1）A is important to B.A is important to B.v2 2）A plays an important rolepart in B.A plays an important rolepart in B.v3 3）A is of importance to B.A is of importance to B.v4 4）B cannot livedevelopgrow surviv

35、e B cannot livedevelopgrow survive without A.without A.v5 5）A is to B what the foundation is to a A is to B what the foundation is to a skyscraper water is to fish.skyscraper water is to fish.v6 6）A is essential/significant/crucial/critical A is essential/significant/crucial/critical/vital to B./vit

36、al to B.v7 7）The importance of A to B can never be The importance of A to B can never be exaggerateddenied ignored.exaggerateddenied ignored.例2 2，不同国家不同背景的人在不同场合有着不同的观点。vDifferent people with different Different people with different personal backgrounds in different personal backgrounds in differen

37、t countries have different opinions on countries have different opinions on different occasions.different occasions.vDifferentDifferent在不同场合的同义词有unlikeunlike、dissimilardissimilar（不同的，不一样的），distinctdistinct、separateseparate（个别的，单独的），variousvarious、assortedassorted（各种各样的，多样的）v这句话可以改为：vDifferent people

38、 with unlike personal Different people with unlike personal backgrounds in various countries have backgrounds in various countries have varying opinions on changed occasions.varying opinions on changed occasions.v这个句子用了这么多“不同的”，也实属罕见啊。其实表达类似意思还可以写成：vPeoples opinion differ/vary/diverge as to Peoples

39、opinion differ/vary/diverge as to 例3 3：如今，越来越多的人将越来越多的时间花在了看越来越多的电视节目上vNowadays，more and more people are spending more and more leisure time watching more and more television programs.v建议改第一个more and more为a a rising/increasing/growing number ofrising/increasing/growing number of，第二个more and more 为a

40、lions share ofa lions share of（最大的份额），最后一组more and more 可以改为：a kaleidoscope of a kaleidoscope of(万花筒一般的)。例四：vFirst-year students may encounter discouraging problems when they enter universities on the very first day.For example,first-year students are very likely to get lost as to where first-year s

41、tudents can find cafeterias.vthese new-comers/these freshmen(these new-comers/these freshmen(同义词)they()they(代词)使用上义词或代词避免重复v上义词就是表示类概念的词，下义词表示属概念，上义词和下义词之间的关系是：下义词属于上义词。vTheThe flower flower blooms inside the blooms inside the greenhouse,but the greenhouse,but the flowerflower withers withers when t

42、he when the flowerflower is put outside.is put outside.v这句话出现了三个flower，可以将第二个flower改为它的上义词plantplant，第三个改为it it.有能力的话把小词变成大词v考生在写作时，同样的意思，可能有很多词可以用，如果能够在所有可能的同义词的词群中挑选出更有难度的词，拔高用词等级，毫无疑问可能得到更好的分数。词汇高级化范本vThe development of 21st century has seen a big change in social,cultural and technological field

43、s.vThe advent of 21st century has witnessed a profound change in social,cultural and technological arenas.v例1 1：He broke the window in his He broke the window in his angeranger.他一怒之下砸碎了窗户。vanger这个词可以改为ragerage(大怒)或者furyfury(暴怒)，表达就更加丰富了，而阅卷老师也会觉得你用词比较上档次，毕竟rage,fury是大学以上的词汇了。v例2 2Your suitcase is ra

44、therYour suitcase is rather heavy heavy-what have you got in it?what have you got in it?你的手提箱很沉，里面都放了些什么啊？vheavy在weightyweighty面前就是小儿科了，更不用说ponderousponderous了，意思是“笨重的”，读音是“胖得要死”，刚好联想法记住。v例3 3It is a veryIt is a very cold cold night.night.这天晚上很冷。v毫无疑问，cold跟freezing（滴水成冰的）没有办法比，还可以替换成为icyicy（冰冷的）、fro

45、styfrosty（冷得冻人的）。v但是大家一定要注意用大词要精准，不然容易闹笑话 最长用的3636组单词v例：认为 vThink,believe,insist,maintain,assert,Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,be conclude,deem,hold,argue,be convinced,be firmly convinced,be fully convinced,be firmly convinced,be fully convincedconvincedv优势 ：vAdvantag

46、e,merit,virtue,benefit,Advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strengthupside,strengthv重要的：vKey,crucial,critical,important,Key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,imperativeindispensable,imperativev急剧地：vDramaticallyDramatically，drastical

47、lydrastically，sharplysharply，hugelyhugely，enormouslyenormously，steeplysteeply，substantiallysubstantially，considerablyconsiderably，significantlysignificantly，markedlymarkedly，surprisinglysurprisingly，strikinglystrikingly，radicallyradically，remarkablyremarkably，vastlyvastly，noticeably noticeably 句型闪光v

48、被动优先v句子复杂（狂用定从，多用状从）v一个强调v一个倒装v一个虚拟被动优先v大家要养成习惯随便写做个主动的句子都要考虑能不能改成被动句 v给大家总结一下两种情况下常用被动句v1 1、当汉语用“人们、我们或有人”作主语vEg:原句：We should take effective measures to stop various forms of pollution.v变为Effective measures should be taken to stop various forms of pollution.v2 2、汉语中的无主句v1）What should one do in a ca

49、se like this?vWhat should be done in a case like this?句子扩展v当我们把词汇的问题解决了之后呢，我们必然面临到一个问题就是句子总也写不长。你老用简单句没有错。但是如果一点复杂句都没有那么肯定不会有高分。添油加醋法 v我毕业于交通大学，写成：I graduated from Jiaotong University这样的句子只是一个SV结构的简单句，怎么办？vI graduated with honors from Jiaotong I graduated with honors from Jiaotong University,Univers

50、ity,one of the most prestigious one of the most prestigious universities in China,in 1999,when I became universities in China,in 1999,when I became an English teacher.an English teacher.英语句子写作的基本思路：v将中文信息还原为简单朴实的基本结构按英语结构完成英语按照英语修饰习惯进行扩展。拉长主谓宾，加上定状补v例：I love you.vI,love you.vI,love you .vI,love you