实用商务英语翻译课件.ppt（纯ppt,可能不含音视频素材文件）

1、.1商务信函的翻译商务信函的翻译.2第一节第一节 商务信函简介商务信函简介一 商务信函的12种要素信头（letterhead）案号(reference)日期(date)封内地址(inside address)注意项(attention line)称呼(salutation)Next.3事由栏(subject)信的正文(body of letter)信尾敬语(complimentary close)签名(signature)缩写名、附件及分送标志部分缩写名、附件及分送标志部分（IEC:initials,enclosures and carbon copies block）附言(postscrip

2、t).4商务信函实例商务信函实例1 1Kee&Co.,Ltd 34 Regent Street London,UK Inside Address 收信人地址Dear Sirs，Salutation称呼We have obtained your name and address from Dee&Co.Ltd,and we are writing toenquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us.5We have been importers of shoes for many years

3、.At present,we are interested in extending our range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to place volume orders on you.We look forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,Complimentary Close客套结束语Tony Smith Signature Block签名栏Enc:invoice

4、for consulting services Enclosure Notation.6第二节 商务信函的文体特点及其翻译1 商务信函的文体特点11 词汇使用特点111 用词规范正式112 表意准确、专业性强113 用语朴素、淡于修饰12 语法使用特点121 句子类型122 句式结构（1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主（2）常用并列结构（3）状语位置独特123 虚拟语气的运用2 商务信函的翻译要点21 商务英语信函翻译的原则22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项.71 1 商务信函的文体特点商务信函的文体特点11 词汇使用特点111 用词规范正式（1）商务英语信函经常以意义相同或相近的书面词语代替

5、基本词汇和口语词汇，如以inform或advise代替tell，以duplicate代替copy，以dispatch代替send，以otherwise代替or；以介词短语代替简单的介词，如以as for，in respect to，in connection with和with regarding to等代替about等。.8例如：We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.我们很高兴地通知你们：第105号订单货物已遵照你方

6、指示运出。.9111 用词规范正式We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5%in view of our long pleasant relations.鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系，本公司将酌情考虑给予5%的折扣。（2）商务信函中还经常使用here/there+介词构成的复合词，如hereafter，hereby，hereunder，hereto，hereinafter，herewith，thereafter，therein，therefrom等。.10例如：All offers and sales are subject

7、to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.In such a case,Seller is bound to reimburse buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.11All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.所有报盘和销售均应遵守本报价单背面所印的条款。In such a case,Seller i

8、s bound to reimburse buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.在次情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。.12112 表意准确、专业性强商务信函用词表意准确、专业性强，主要表现在使用大量的专业术语、行话、外来词、缩略语以及一般词语在商务英语语境中的特殊用法。（1）专业术语类：Trimming charges 平仓费insurance policy 保险单coverage 保险项目establishment 开证counter-suggestion 反还盘surcharges附加费.13pro forma invo

9、icepremiumclearance saleunderwriter 保险人L/C CIF FOBbid C.B.D.counter-offerirrevocable letter of credit.14pro forma invoice形式发票premium保险费clearance sale清仓削价销售underwriter 保险人L/C 信用证CIF 到岸价格FOB离岸价格bid 递盘C.B.D.付现提货counter-offer还盘irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤消信用证.15112 表意准确、专业性强例如：We shall cover TPND on

10、 your order.我们将为你方的货物 投保盗窃和提货不着险。It would be appreciated if you would let us know by returning your lowest possible price for the following goods on FOB London.请报下列商品伦敦请报下列商品伦敦船上交货之最低价。之最低价。（2）外来词类：拉丁语的拉丁语的status quo（现状），意大利语的（现状），意大利语的del credere（保付货价的），汉语中的（保付货价的），汉语中的litchi（荔枝（荔枝），tungoil（桐油），man

11、go（芒果）等。.16（3）行话：长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上）行话：长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上形成共识，本来意义差异很大的词汇在特定的语境中所表达的内涵和外延却非常相似。Offer,quotation表示“报价，发盘”Pamphlet,brochure,booklet,sales literature 表示商家用于宣传介绍自己公司或产品的“说明材料”Shipment和consignment 表示“所发出的货物”Financial standing/reputation/condition/position 用于表示公司的“资信财务情况”Fulfill/complete/execut

12、e an order用于表示用于表示“执执行订单”A draft contract或a specimen contract 表示“合同样本”.17112 表意准确、专业性强（4）商务信函准确性主要体现在数量词的大量运用。商务 信函中的时间，价格，数量，金额，规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终，数字的表达应言之确凿，避免摸棱两可。例如：The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.卖方须于6月15日或之前将货物交给买方。The market here for this product is active,and the best

13、price we can offer is US$150 or over per long ton.该产品在本地的销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨150美元或以上。.18113 用语朴素、淡于修饰商贸信函的主要功能是传递信息，使收、发信函双方发生贸易往来、达成交易，因此除了必须使用专业术语等手段准确传达自己的信息意图外，还要求信函语言明白易懂，朴实平易。例如：Dear Sirs,Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.In reply to your enquiry of November 15,we are really sorry to say

14、 that we cannot divulge any of our sales information.We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience.Yours truly,.19敬启者：敬启者：承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣，十分承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣，十分感谢。兹复贵方兹复贵方11月月15日询价函，我们非常抱歉地日询价函，我们非常抱歉地奉告，我们不泄露我方任何销售情况。我们希奉告，我们不泄露我方任何销售情况。我们希望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。敬上敬上.2012 语法使用特点121 句子类型英语句子按使用目的可以分为四类：陈述

15、句（Declarative Sentences）疑问句（Interrogative Sentence）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）.21（1）商务信函主要使用陈述句。例如：Dear Sirs,We thank you for your promptness in delivering the coffee we ordered on 20th,July.The number of bags delivered by your carrier this morning was,however,160 whereas our

16、 order was for only 120.Unfortunately,our present needs are completely covered and as we cannot make use of the 40 bags in excess of order,we have put them in our warehouse to be held for you until we receive your instructions.Yours Truly,.22敬启者：收到我方7月20日订购的咖啡，并对你方迅速交货表示感谢。但是，你方承运人上午交来160袋，而我们只订购120

17、袋。遗憾的是，我方需求已满，无法接受你方多交的4040袋。我们已将此货入库保存，等候你方指示。敬上（2）祈使句表示请求、劝告、命令等，用祈使句可避免生硬刻板，比陈述句更有礼貌。.23Please look into the matter at once and let us have your definite reply by cable without any further delay.请立即调查此事，并尽快电告确切答复。（3）疑问句也可用来表达写信人的观点或向对方提议，疑问句给对方留有更大的余地，更有礼貌，它的使用频率比祈使句相对要多。Would you please send us

18、a copy of your catalogue?能否向我公司邮寄一份贵公司的产品目录？（4）感叹句虽然可以渲染气氛，增强语势，但与函电英语讲求客观、严谨的文体不符，因此感叹句在函电英语中极少使用。.24TranslationTranslationFED 于9月15日向银行系统注入了一笔 为数700亿美元的资金.今日送上第三号混合燕麦样品,请查收.报价为FOB旧金山,每夸特10美元.FED invested a$70 billion capital into the banking system on September 15th.We are sending you a sample of

19、No.3 mixed oats,offering you at$10.00 per qr.,FOB San Francisco.25We have entered into negotiation with the investor over the subjecof compensation.As stipulated in our Sales Confirmation No.12315,the covering L/C should reach us not later than the end of this month and we hope you will open it in t

20、ime,so as to ensure early shipment.The insured amount should be 110%of the invoice value.If you require a higher percentage,additional premium must be paid.我们和投资人进行补偿贸易的谈判.按照第12315号 销售确认书的规定,有关信用证应不迟于本月底前到达我方,希望你方及时开立信用证以确保早日装运.26投保金额应为发票金额的110%,如果你方要求更高的百分比,必须支付额外的保险费.Breakage is a special risk,for

21、 which an extra premium will have to be charged.破碎险是一种特殊险种,需额外收费.27122 句式结构从结构看，英文句子可以分成三种类型：简单句（Simple Sentences），并列句（Compound Sentences），复合句（Complex Sentences）,函电英语采用大量的并列句和复合句。（1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主：为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性，函电英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。.28复杂句复杂句The Credit could cover 85%of the local expe

22、nses if they are made under the responsibility of the British Contractor and within the limit of the down payments paid on the Contract,i.e.,15%as a maximum.29此项贷款可支付当地费用的此项贷款可支付当地费用的85%。但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接负责支付的，并必须在合同头期款的幅度以内，即最高不得超过头期款的15%。.30该句是主从复合句，由从属连词该句是主从复合句，由从属连词if引导的引导的状语从句包含了两个前提条件，使主句的行为范围受

23、到严格限制，从而使全句逻辑严密。复合句结构复杂，表达完备周密；简单句则结构简单，简洁明快。函电英语对严谨和简洁都有要求，目的在于追求准确严谨的语言风格，因此复合句的使用虽普遍，但不排斥简单句的使用。.31122 句式结构（2）常用并列结构用and连接并列结构，使表达更精确。Eg：This contract is made by and between the two parties.双方签定本合同。用or引导的选择性并列结构，是内容更严谨全面。.32Eg：Any dispute arising from the execution of,or in connection with the ag

24、reement,shall be settled through friendly consultations between the two parties.33在本合同执行中引起的或与本合在本合同执行中引起的或与本合同有关的争议应有双方通过友好协同有关的争议应有双方通过友好协商解决。商解决。.34函电英语中常用的连用同义词还有：amendments to/or alterations of 修改force and effect 效力fulfill and provide履行furnish and provide 提供obligations and responsibilities 义务ma

25、ke and enter into达成.35122 句式结构（3）状语位置独特商务函电中，较长的状语经常出现在主谓语之间，一般文体的主谓语间不放长状语。Eg：The Contractor shall,if called upon so to do,enter into and execute the Contract,to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer,in the form annexed to these conditions with such modification as may be necessary.

26、36在被邀签约时，承包人应同意签在被邀签约时，承包人应同意签订并履行合同，该合同是由业主按照本合同条件所附格式拟定，如有必要可对其进行修改。该合同的拟定和签订费用由业主承担。.37商务函电的状语从句中，if，when，in case等连词与从句的主体之间可放谓语，一般文体的状语从句中则不可。Eg：If,after 30 days from the commencement of such informal consultations,the parties fail to resolve amicably a contract dispute,either party hereto may r

27、equire that the dispute be submitted to arbitration for resolution.38在非正式协商开始在非正式协商开始30天后，如天后，如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。仲裁解决。.39123 虚拟语气的运用英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气（the Indicative Mood），祈使语气（the Imperative Mood），虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）。虚拟语气可表主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况，并可使语气委婉，谓语有sh

28、ould，would，could，might加动词原形构成。.40Dear Mr.Smith,Thanks for your promptness in sending us the credit information we requested.We are glad to report that all of your credit references spoke favorably of you as a businessman.41The new store which you are opening in Broadway shouldeventually prosper,sinc

29、e yours is a thriving community.But its location within 20 miles of New York forces you to compete with the larger stocks and lower prices of the metropolitan department stores,so readily accessible to commute from Broadway and similar communications.Because your resources do not indicate that you c

30、anmeet such competition by staring with a large indebtedness,we mustrefuse your credit application.42We couldsuggest,therefore,that you cut your order to half and pay cash for it.This willentitle you to our 2 percent cash discount,a saving which you may pass on to your customers.By ordering frequent

31、ly in small quantities,you canbest meet the competition of the New York stores through keeping up-to-date on a sound basis that willentitle you to an excellent credit reputation.43The enclosed duplicate of your order will assist you in making your selection.Just check the items you wish and sign the

32、 order.Your merchandise will arrive C.O.D.within two days after our receipt of the order in plenty of time for your opening sale.Sincerely yours,.44这封资信调查回复函使用了这封资信调查回复函使用了should,can(),must,would,will(),may()六个情态六个情态动词，准确表达了写信人的预测、能力、允诺等语气和态度，也表现出写信人的礼貌。其中共使用了11次情态动词，如此高的使用频率，说明情态动词在准确传达语气和写信人意图方面具有

33、很重要的作用。.452 2 商务信函的翻译要点商务信函的翻译要点21 商务英语信函翻译的原则22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项.4621 商务英语信函翻译的原则准确规范，功能对等准确不仅指用词用句和语言结构上的准确，还包括对信函内容的准确把握；规范指译文必须符合本行业的专业规范（1）要准确理解各种术语、外来词汇、套语和习惯表达的专业含义和固定译法，尽量保留原文风格，译成符合汉语商务语言规范的术语或套语。.47The duplicate shipping documents including bill of loading,invoice,packing list and inspection

34、certification were airmailed to you today.包括提单、发票、装相单和检验证书在内的装运单证副本今日已航邮贵处。Please be informed that,on account of the fluctuations of foreign exchanges the quotation is subject to change without previous notice.兹告知贵方，由于外汇的波动，报价随时可能改变，不另行通知。.48Full information as to prices,quality,quantity available a

35、nd other relative particulars would be appreciated.请详告价格、质量、可供数量和其他有关情况。We are looking forward to a favorable reply.静候贵方佳音。.49Would you let us know your terms of payment?能否告知贵方付款条件？We should be grateful/pleasedif you would give us further details of Chinese leather shoes.如能告知中国皮鞋的详情，将不胜感激。Please inf

36、orm us how soon you can make delivery.请告知何时能交货。.502 21 1 商务英语信函翻译的原则准确规范，功能对等（2）了解词汇的特定含义Discharge 可做名词或动词，一般为“卸货”，但要分场合。Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are to be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors.Party A agrees that the expiration of this license shal

37、l not discharge party B from its obligation.51Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are to be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors.董事会任命的总经理，负责履行合资公司的日常职权。Party A agrees that the expiration of this license shall not discharge party B from its obligation.甲方同意在许可

38、证到期时并不免除乙方应尽的义务。.52Mr.Smith,chartered accountant,has been appointed as liquidator to wind up the business and will discharge all the firms liabilities and receive all payments due to it.Party B shall check the quality of each discharge in accordance with the contract.53Mr.Smith,chartered accountant,

39、has been appointed as liquidator to wind up the business and will discharge all the firms liabilities and receive all payments due to it.注册会计师史密斯先生已被任命为本公司结束业务的清算人，他将代理本公司 清偿清偿一切债务并收取一切应收的欠款。Party B shall check the quality of each discharge in accordance with the contract.乙方应按合同规定检查发出的每批货物的质量。.5421

40、商务英语信函翻译的原则准确规范，功能对等Commission做名词，但有两个意思，“佣金”或“委员会”Please let us have your quotation in USD on the basis of CIF Port Shanghai including our 5%commission.请用美元报上海港到岸价，包括我方 5%的佣金。The decision made by the Arbitration Commission shall be regarded as final and binding on both parties.仲裁委员会所作的决定应视为终局决定，对双方

41、都有约束力。.55（3）要正确理解原文结构，理清全文的句）要正确理解原文结构，理清全文的句法结构和逻辑关系。法结构和逻辑关系。The goods we received contrary to our instructions are packed in wooden cases without iron hoops.收到的货物是包装在没有铁箍的木箱里，而这种包装和我们的指示不符。.5622 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项（1）商务信函大都以传递信息的功能为主，较少运用修辞手段，一般不存在语言与文化的差异，在翻译时无须作太多变动，多数情况下可按原句结构直译。I have pleasure in a

42、pprising you that,under the auspices of several highly respected and influential houses here,I have commenced business as a shipping and assurance broker and general agent.我十分高兴地通知您，在本地几家有名望、有影响力的公司的支持下，我做起了运输与保险经纪以及总代理的生意。及总代理的生意。.5722 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项（2）由于商务英语信函重在纪实，因此要求译文不求虚饰但求简洁、严谨、准确。确保术语、缩略语、具有商务

43、术语性质的词语以及商务套语翻译的规范性和准确性，就要采用对应的汉语术语翻译原文中的商贸术语。原文中的一般性叙述，在翻译时应当采用简明、易懂的汉语加以传译，保留原文的简洁流畅与易懂性。此外，还须确保事实细节（如日期、数量、金额等）等的准确翻译，不得疏漏。.58The market here for this product is active,and the best price we can offer is US$150 or over per long ton.该产品在本地销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨150美元或以上。If you can accept$275 and send us a

44、pro forma invoice,we will open a letter of credit for 1,000 sets.如果贵方能够接受275美元的价格并寄送形式发票，我方即开立1，000套的信用证。.5922 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项（3）翻译时应注意保留原文的文体正式性和委婉礼貌性，对原文情态、礼貌程度、语气和态度应当仔细分析、整体把握并在译文中充分再现。（4）汉语商务信函用语和行文都讲究郑重，常用文言词语，套语亦多。常用的信函词语包括“收悉、承蒙、乞谅、见告、为盼、赐复”等，这些词现在都还可以使用。（5）在实际工作中，商务信函翻译者往往并不要求将信函全译，而只是摘译。摘译信函

45、时需注意以下要领：.60a.摘译之前必须通读全文，弄清信件中的所有事实。翻译之前还应当通读在此以前的有关此事的相关往返信函，并应特别注意时间顺序，力求理清事件的来龙去脉，这是能做到准确摘译的先决事件。千万不要任意猜测，不清楚时，应多请教承办过此事的相关人员。b.摘译应包括信中所有主要事实的梗概，包括时间、地点、条件等。摘译有很大的伸缩性，其内容取决于材料使用者的要求。最简略的摘译是函件摘要，往往要求只用一两句话概述来函意图或涉及何事、有何要求或建议等。.61c.如函件使用者要求了解较多的具体情况，则可将信中最重要（一般说来也就是最具体的）语句加以摘译。d.摘译公函不必拘泥于原文词句的形式，但必

46、须做到不仅在事实上符合原件内容，而且在语气上也不失分寸。.62TranslationTranslation敬启者:经你方商会介绍,我方欣悉贵公司的行名和地址.我专门经营中国纺织品出口,并愿意在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系.为使贵方对我公司产品有全面的解,我方另函寄去一本目录及一套小册子以供参考.如目录中所列之任何产品感兴趣,请具体询价,我方将立报价.望尽快答复.谨上.63Dear Sirs,On the recommendation of your Chamber of Commerce,wehave learned with pleasure the name and address

47、 of yourfirm.We wish to inform you that we specialize in theexport of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enterintobusinessrelationswithyouonthebasisofequality and mutual benefit.Togiveyouageneralideaofourexport,wearesendingyou under separatecover a cataloguetogetherwith a range of pamphlets for y

48、our reference.Please let us have your specific enquiry if you areinterested in any of the items listed in the catalogue.We shall make an offer promptly.We look forward to your early reply.Faithfully yours,.64商务合同与协议的翻译商务合同与协议的翻译(法法律文体的翻译).65The simplest,most concise English is the best for legislati

49、on:“The draftsman should bear in mind that he is supposed to be read by the plain men.In any case he may be sure that if he finds he can express his meaning in simple words all is going well with his draft.While if he finds himself driven to complicated expressions composed of long words it is a sig

50、n that he is getting lost and he should reconsider the form of the action.”-A.Russel,Legislative Drafting and Forms简洁，精练简洁，精练.66法律英语用词的基本特点及翻译法律英语用词的基本特点及翻译If during the hiring Party A ascertains that Party B has made a false statement in this offer or in relation thereto or that Party B is now or h