2021高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课时训练新人教版必修3.doc

1、 - 1 - Unit 4Unit 4 AstronomyAstronomy：the science of the starsthe science of the stars .阅读理解 A A 2020济南市高三学习质量针对性检测Children in rural areas of Cambodia often suffer from or even die of preventable illnesses because there is not any soap available. In 2014, Samir Lakhani, an American college student,

2、 saw the issue while volunteering in a Cambodian village. “I remember quite vividly a mother bathing her newborn baby with laundry powder, which is so harmful to the skin，” said Lakhani.“Its difficult for rural Cambodians to access soap. First is affordability. If you earn only $1.50 every day, you

3、wont spend $1 on a bar of soap. Then comes access. The demand is so low that local shops dont stock soap. The last reason, because many Cambodians dont really understand where diseases come from, they dont know how to prevent them, including using soap.” After figuring out a solution to the problem:

4、 the barely used soap in hotels, Lakhani started asking hotels to donate leftover soap.“They were all eager to help， ” he explained. Lakhani registered EcoSoap Bank shortly afterwards. Soon, he received enough funds to hire disadvantaged Cambodian women to collect and reproduce the used soap. Today,

5、 the organization has four recycling centers across the country, providing jobs to 35 local women. And so far, some 174,000 bars of soap have been donated, about 24,000 pounds of soap has been recycled, and hygiene(卫生) has been improved for about 661,000 people.“We are killing_three_birds with one s

6、tone，” Lakhani said. When it comes to the future of EcoSoap Bank, Lakhani said, “Weve just scratched the surface. Lack of hygiene is not something unique to Cambodia. The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done. Were looking at seven countries to expa

7、nd to in the near future.” 1Which of the following is not mentioned as the reason why rural Cambodians dont use soap? APoverty. BInaccessibility. CUnawareness. DTradition. 2What does the underlined part “killing three birds” in Paragraph 5 refer to? - 2 - ASaving soap, curing diseases and providing

8、education. BStopping pollution, providing jobs and inspiring donation. CReducing waste, providing employment and improving health. DRecycling waste, helping charity and improving community hygiene. 3What can we infer about EcoSoap Bank? AIt wont be long before it expands to the whole world. BTheres

9、little it can do without other countries assistance. CIt will make greater contributions to the developing world. DIt will soon settle the problem of poor hygiene in Cambodia. 4What do we know about the text? AEcoSoap Bank helps improve hygiene. BCambodian women have a bright future. CA US young man

10、 calls for helping poor countries. DLack of hygiene remains a serious problem in the world. B B 2020贵阳市高三摸底考试Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesnt change. For example, the Tang dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look

11、 alike, old and new.” However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机

12、). They found that there were lots of faults(断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon. According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and co

13、oled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moons surface continues to push up.“Some of these quakes can be fairly strong,

14、around five on the Richter scale(里氏震级)，”said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonians National Air and Space Museum in the US. But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldnt try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isnt - 3

15、 - anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. Its not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us. The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong.“We have been to the moon and weve done some great science, but there is still a lot we dont kn

16、ow. The moon is shrinking we didnt really realize that until recently. Its a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said. 5Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to? AIt stays the same as before. BIt is beco

17、ming slightly smaller. CIt is getting older and older. DIt has passed away. 6What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph? AIt has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding. BIt has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years. CIt quakes even at seven on the Richter scale. DIt has

18、 a hot core and releases energy during expanding. 7Who thinks that we neednt worry about the moon? AZhang Ruoxu. BThomas Watters. CNathan Williams. DThe journalist. 8What does Nathan Williams think of the moon? AIt is a dead and boring place. BIt has lots of faults on the surface. CIt is valuable to

19、 do more science. DIt isnt a place where we can live. .完形填空 2020贵阳市高三适应性考试(一)A surveillance (监视) video has become a hit on social media. In the video, cars and taxis in a _1_ tunnel(隧道) in Yichang, Hubei Province, are giving _2_ to an ambulance. It was on Monday night. The ambulance was trapped in t

20、he traffic jam _3_ after entering the Dongshan Tunnel at 7：46 pm. But when hearing the _4_ of the ambulance, many cars and taxis ahead _5_ and moved to the sides to make way. The ambulance, carrying a patient in need of a(n) _6_ operation, soon passed through the tunnel by the “life channel” _7_ by

21、the car drivers. _8_ the - 4 - “life channel”， the patient was sent to the hospital in time and got _9_ treatments. He and his family _10_ their deep appreciation to all those who had made way for the ambulance on the way it had been driven _11_. The ambulance _12_ said that if the car drivers hadnt

22、 given way, he couldnt _13_ how long it would have taken him to make it through and how _14_ it would have been for the patient.“I usually see such kind _15_ on TV. But when it happened in front of my eyes, I was greatly _16_，” he said. Chinese netizens also expressed their _17_ for the drivers. One

23、 said， “The city is full of the milk of human kindness and _18_ energy.” Another _19_，“Three years ago, a similar situation also happened in the same tunnel. Be _20_ of our city！” 1A.narrow Bcrowded Clong Dwide 2A.petrol Blife Cway Dlight 3A.shortly Bfrequently Cobviously Dswiftly 4A.whistle Bshout

24、Cscream Dyell 5A.speeded Baccelerated Cslowed Dstopped 6A.ordinary Bauthentic Cgeneral Demergency 7A.designed Bconstructed Ccreated Downed 8A.Thanks to BCompared with CApart from DBut for 9A.cautious Bentire Cextreme Dtimely 10A.returned Badopted Cconveyed Dannounced 11A.along Btogether Cover Daroun

25、d 12A.doctor Bchemist - 5 - Cdriver Dguard 13A.imagine Bcalculate Cevaluate Drealize 14A.easy Bserious Chappy Dsorrowful 15A.performance Bmovement Cactivity Dbehavior 16A.touched Bsurprised Cannoyed Dinterested 17A.envy Bencouragement Cadmiration Dmercy 18A.enthusiastic Bnegative Coptimistic Dpositi

26、ve 19A.recalled Brepeated Creplied Dcalled 20A.aware Bproud Cfond Dafraid .短文改错 2020沈阳市高三教学质量监测When thousands of lanterns light up the city at night on fifteenth day of the Chinese New Year, I knew the Chinese Lantern Festival has arrived. All kinds of lanterns shine bright against the dark night sk

27、y. Some of the lanterns are small, while other are really big. Some even seem to taking on the shapes of dragons. The lanterns made of silk feels smoother than those made of plastics. Families walk happy in the crowding streets, admiring a variety of beautiful lanterns. When most parents are enjoyin

28、g the colourful lanterns, their child are watching exciting live programs and traditional Chinese lion dance performances. The warmth and happiness of the festival fill with the air, but I love everything about it. - 6 - 课时作业课时作业( (十四十四) ) .阅读理解 A A 体裁：说明文 题材：社会生活 主题：EcoSoap Bank 【语篇解读】 柬埔寨农村地区的孩子经常

29、遭受甚至死于可预防的疾病，因为没有任何 可用的肥皂；美国人 Samir Lakhani 注意到了这个问题，于是他开始请求旅馆捐赠肥皂并成 立了 EcoSoap Bank 来解决该地区的肥皂问题。 1D 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“affordability”、“access”以及“many Cambodians dont really understand where diseases come from，they dont know how to prevent them”可知，贫困、缺少接触途径以及缺乏意识是柬埔寨人很少用肥皂的原因，故 选 D。 2C 考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“fo

30、ur recycling centers”、“providing jobs”以及“hygiene(卫生) has been improved”可知，“killing three birds”在文 章中指的是减少废物、提供就业机会以及改进健康状况，故选 C。 3C 考查推理判断。根据第六段的内容尤其是最后一句“Were looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future”可知，EcoSoap Bank 将会把自己的服务 扩展到其他七个发展中国家。由此可推知，EcoSoap Bank 将对发展中国家作出更大贡献， 故选 C。 【干扰

31、项分析】 根据第六段中的“The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done”可知，该组织主要是改进发 展中国家的卫生状况，并没有扩展到全世界，故 A 项错误；文章没有提到 B、D 两项所表述的 内容。 4A 考查细节理解。通读全文可知，文章讲述了 EcoSoap Bank 能为柬埔寨乡村地 区的人提供肥皂，从而改善那里的卫生状况，故 A 项正确。 【干扰项分析】 文章第五段只提到了 35 位当地妇女获得工作，故 B 项以偏概全；本 文主要讲述美国人 Samir

32、 Lakhani 成立了 EcoSoap Bank 来帮助解决柬埔寨的肥皂问题，未 提到他呼吁帮助一些贫困国家，故 C 项不符合题意；文章只提到了柬埔寨以及其他发展中国 家的卫生问题，故 D 项不符合题意。 B B 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然科学研究月球正在缓慢收缩 【语篇解读】 月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的。一项最新 的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们 不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。 - 7 - 5B 考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study

33、. shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time”可知，一项新的发表在自然地球科学 上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，据此可知 B 项正确。 6 D 考查细节理解。 根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core” “The moon continued to expand as it was born”“But in this process, it released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月

34、球在持续膨 胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故 D 项正确。 7B 考查细节理解。根据第四段中 Thomas Watters 说的话“This isnt anything to worry about. Its not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters 认为我们不必担心月球， 尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故 B 项正确。 8C 考查推理判断。根据尾段中 Nathan Williams 说的话“We have been to the moon and weve done some great science. we should explore that”可

35、知，Nathan Williams 认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索；据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价 值的，故 C 项正确。 .完形填空 体裁：记叙文 题材：社会生活 主题：为救护车让道 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在晚上堵车的隧道里，司机们主动为救 护车让出车道，从而使需要急救的病人得以及时医治的感人故事。 1B 根据下文中的“The ambulance was trapped in the traffic jam _3_ after entering the Dongshan Tunnel at 7：46 pm.”可知，当时隧道里交通拥挤(crowded)。

36、2C 根据下文中的“But when hearing the _4_ of the ambulance, many cars and taxis ahead _5_ and moved to the sides to make way”可推知，当时隧道里的其 他车辆听到救护车的声音就为它让路。give way (to sb./sth.)“让先行”，故选 C。 3A 结合空后的“at 7：46 pm.”可推知，救护车出行时间正值交通高峰期，因此 进入隧道不久(shortly)就遭遇了堵车。 4A 根据空前的“hearing”可推知，当时隧道里的其他车辆听到救护车的汽笛声， 纷纷让道。whistl

37、e“汽笛声”，故选 A。 5C 由上文中的“the traffic jam”可知，当时隧道很拥堵，由此可推知，许多车 辆放慢速度并移动到一侧为其让路。 6D 根据语境可推知，救护车上的病人情况紧急，需要做急救手术，故选 D。 7C 根据上文中的“But when hearing the _4_ of the ambulance, many cars and taxis ahead _5_ and moved to the sides to make way”可知，这一”救生通道”是由 隧道里的汽车司机们创造(created)出来的。 8A 根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果。T

38、hanks to “由于” - 8 - 符合语境，故选 A。compare with“与比较”；apart from“除了外”；but for“要 不是”。 9D 根据上文中的“the patient was sent to the hospital in time”并结合语境 可推知，病人被及时送到医院，得到了及时的(timely)治疗。 10C 根据上文内容可知，病人得到了及时的治疗，故此处应是那个病人和他的家人 对所有让路的司机表达了(conveyed)深深的感激之情。 11A 根据空前的“on the way it had been driven”可推知，此处表示救护车一路 开过去。

39、12C 结合下文中的“he couldnt _33_ how long it would have taken him to make it through. the patient”可推知，此处指的是救护车司机(driver)所说的话。 13A 根据语境可推知，此处表示他难以想象他本应该花多长时间才能穿过去。 14B 根据语境可知，如果救护车被交通堵塞所耽误，那么车上需要急救的病人的情 况将会变得很严重(serious)。 15D 根据上文可知，处于交通堵塞中的司机们为救护车让道是一种善举。 behavior“行为”符合语境。 16A 根据前一句中的“kind”并结合语境可推知，救护车司机被

40、人们的这种善举感 动(touched)了。 17C 根据空前的“expressed”以及下文中的“the milk of human kindness”可推 知，网民们也表达了他们对司机们的敬佩(admiration)。 18D 根据空前的“the milk of human kindness”可推知，此处表示正能量。 enthusiastic“热情的”；negative“负面的，消极的”；optimistic“乐观的”； positive“积极的”。 19 A 根据空后的“Three years ago”可推知， 此处表示另一位网友回忆起(recalled) 过去的情况。 20B 根据上文的

41、内容可知，本文是一篇正能量的故事。结合上文中的“a similar situation”可推知，此处表示为我们的城市感到自豪。 .短文改错 When thousands of lanterns light up the city at night on the fifteenth day of the Chinese New Year, I knew know the Chinese Lantern Festival has arrived. All kinds of lanterns shine bright against the dark night sky. Some of the l

42、anterns are small, while other others are really big. Some even seem to taking take on the shapes of dragons. The lanterns made of silk feels feel smoother than those made of plastics. - 9 - Families walk happy happily in the crowding crowded streets, admiring a variety of beautiful lanterns. When m

43、ost parents are enjoying the colourful lanterns, their child children are watching exciting live programs and traditional Chinese lion dance performances. The warmth and happiness of the festival fill with the air, but and/so I love everything about it. fifteenth 前加 the。考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表示“第十五”，需用定冠词 t

44、he，故在 fifteenth 前加 the。 knew 改为 know。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语从句中的“light up”和语境可知， 此处描述的是一般性的情况，应用一般现在时，故把 knew 改为 know。 other 改为 others。 考查代词。 分析句子结构可知， 本句是 Some.others.的用法， 意为“一些其他”，故把 other 改为 others。 taking 改为 take。考查固定用法。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处为 seem to do sth.的用法，故把 taking 改为 take。 feels 改为 feel。考查主谓一致。根据主语“The

45、 lanterns”可知，此处的谓语动词 需用复数形式，故把 feels 改为 feel。 happy 改为 happily。考查副词。修饰动词 walk 应用副词，故把 happy 改为 happily。 crowding 改为 crowded。考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“拥挤的街道”，应 用 crowded，故把 crowding 改为 crowded。 child 改为 children。考查名词的单复数。根据其后的谓语动词“are”可知，此处 应用名词复数，故把 child 改为 children。 删除 fill 后的 with。考查动词。根据语境可知，此处表示空气中弥漫着“节日的温 暖和幸福”，fill 在此处为及物动词，故删除 fill 后的 with。 but 改为 and 或 so。考查连词。根据句意可知，此处前后分句为并列或因果关系，故 将 but 改为 and 或 so。