公共政策学课件169页.ppt

1、第一节公共政策学概念一、公共政策学的研究对象(1)公共政策基础。(2)公共政策过程(3)公共政策方法。(4)公共政策领域。(1)the basis of public policies(2)the process of public policies(3)the methods of public policies(4)the domain of public policies1.1 The concept of public policy studyI The object of public policies二、公共政策学的性质II The characters of public pol

2、icy政策科学作为一个全新的学科，有如下四个基本特征：As a brand new subject,policy science has four basic features as following.n(1)政策科学是一个综合性、跨学科的新研究领域。公共政策科学与政治学 公共政策与公共行政 公共政策与公共管理 公共政策与法律科学 政策科学与经济学 政策科学与社会学 政策科学与哲学n(1)the latest studied sphere which is comprehensive and subjects-across Public policy and political scienc

3、e Public policy and public administration Public policy and law science Policy science and economics Policy science and sociology Policy science and philosophy二、公共政策学的性质II The characters of public policy政策科学作为一个全新的学科，有如下四个基本特征：As a brand new subject,policy science has four basic features as followin

4、g.n(1)政策科学是一个综合性、跨学科的新研究领域。公共政策科学与政治学 公共政策与公共行政 公共政策与公共管理 公共政策与法律科学 政策科学与经济学 政策科学与社会学 政策科学与哲学n(1)the latest studied sphere which is comprehensive and subjects-across Public policy and political science Public policy and public administration Public policy and law science Policy science and economics

5、 Policy science and sociology Policy science and philosophyn(2)政策科学是一门以行动为取向的学科，体现理论与实践的统一。n(3)政策科学不仅是一门描述性学科，而且是一门规范性的学科。n(4)政策科学是软科学的一个重要分支。n(2)As a subject serving human activity,it integrates practice and theory.n(3)Policy science is a subject both descriptive and prescriptive.n(4)Policy science

6、 is a significant branch of soft science。三、公共政策学的结构III The structure of policy sciencen公共政策科学n公共政策研究 n公共政策分析nThe science of policy sciencenThe study of policy science nThe analysis of policy science第二节 公共政策学简史1.2 A brief introduction of the history of public policy science 一、西方政策科学的创立和发展I the establ

7、ishment and development of occidental policy sciencen1、西方政策科学发展的条件行为主义的盛行社会问题不断增多接受政策替代的文化n1 the condition of the developmentThe prevalence of behaviorism The sharp increase of social maladies The culture of accepting the changing policies n2、西方公共政策学发展的背景、西方公共政策学发展的背景首先，在全球化和现代化的推动下，产生了越来越多的复杂的国内和国际

8、问题，公共政策也面临越来越多的挑战。其次，市场经济的纵深发展和世界改革浪潮的推动，公共政策的功能和作用愈加凸现。再次，现代科学技术的迅猛发展，自然科学、技术科学和社会科学及其产生的交叉科学、边缘科学、横断科学和综合性科学极大地推动公共政策学的发展。最后，思想库或智囊团的成熟也是促进公共政策科学发展的重要因素。n 2 the background of the development of occidental policy science Firstly,pushed by globalization and modernization,the world encounters more an

9、d more complex domestic and international problems.Therefore,the public policies are facing accumulative challenges.Secondly,promoted by the great development of market economy and the surge of worldwide reforms,the function of policy science draws more attention than before.Thirdly,with the robust

10、development of modern science and technology,natural science,technology science,social science,compound science,peripheral science and other comprehensive science,policy science has great progress.Lastly,mature brain truster is a important factor to promote the development of policy science.n3、西方公共政

11、策学科发展的过程西方公共政策科学的创建时期（20世纪50年代）西方公共政策科学的发展时期（20世纪70年代）西方公共政策科学的自我批判时期（20世纪80年代）西方公共政策科学拓展新的研究方向时期（上世纪90年代）n3 The development of occidental public policy sciencethe period of establishment(1950)the period of development(1970)the period of self-criticism(1980)the period of exploring new studying area二

12、、公共政策学发展的主导理论二、公共政策学发展的主导理论II The dominant theories of public policy science（一）功能过程理论（二）政治制度理论（三）政治系统理论（四）公共选择理论（五）交易成本理论（六）管理主义理论1 the theory of function and process2 the theory of political institution3 the theory of political system4 the theory of public choice5 the theory of trading cost6 The th

13、eory of administration三、中国公共政策的传统与发展三、中国公共政策的传统与发展III The tradition and development of Chinese public policies1、中国古代的政策谋略思想2、马克思主义对政策研究传统、毛泽东关于政策和策略的理论和实践。3、中国公共政策学的产生与发展1 The thoughts of ancient Chinese policies and strategies2 The tradition of Marxism policy research and MaoZeDongs theory and prac

14、tice of policies and strategies3 the establishment and development of Chinese public policy study第三节公共政策研究的意义和方法1.3 The meanings and methods of public policy research一、理论与实践意义I The meaning of practice and theory 二、学习和研究的方法II The methods of study and research1社会调查方法2社会实验方法3系统科学方法4比校研究方法5技术工具方法 1 soci

15、al survey 2 social experiment 3 system science 4 comparison 5 technical means第二章 公共政策的概论Chapter2 The Brief Introduction of Public Policy第一节 公共政策的内涵与类型2.1 The meanings and types of public policies一、公共政策的内涵（一）公共政策的定义（1）管理职能的定义（以威尔逊、伊斯顿为代表）（2）活动过程的定义（以拉斯维尔、安德森为代表）（3）行为准则的定义（国内学者为代表）I The meanings of pu

16、blic policies1 The definition of public policies(1)the definition of administrative function(2)the definition of act process(3)the definition of behavioral discipline（二）公共政策的构成要素1、公共政策主体2、公共政策目标3、公共政策客体4、公共政策资源5、公共政策形式2 The factors of public policies(1)the subject(2)the goal(3)the object(4)the resou

17、rces(5)the form二、公共政策的类型二、公共政策的类型（一）、一般分类（一）、一般分类1、分配性政策、调节性政策、自我调节性政策和再分配性政策、分配性政策、调节性政策、自我调节性政策和再分配性政策2、总政策、基本政策和具体政策、总政策、基本政策和具体政策3、政治政策、经济政策、社会政策和文化政策、政治政策、经济政策、社会政策和文化政策（二）、其他分类方法（二）、其他分类方法1 the main types(1)the policies of distribution,the policies of adjusting,the policies of self-adjusting a

18、nd the policies of redistribution(2)the general policies,the basic policies and particular policies(3)the political policies,the economic policies,the social policies and cultural policies2 other types第二节 公共政策的特征与功能2.2 the features and functions of public policies一、公共政策的特征公共政策的价值相关性公共政策的政治性与公共性公共政策的

19、稳定性与变动性公共政策的公平性与效率性公共政策的强制性与合法性公共政策功能的多样性公共政策的过程性公共政策的时空性I the features of public policies The characters of value and connection The political and public characters The characters of stability and alternation The characters of justice and efficiency The mandatory and legitimate characters The diver

20、sification of the functions The characters of process The characters of space-time二、公共政策的功能1、制约性功能：2导向性功能：3象征性功能：4.调控功能：5、分配功能：II the functions of public policies1 to restrict2 to guide3 to symbolize4 to regulate5 to distribute第三章 公共政策的环境系统Chapter3 The Environment and System of public polices第一节 公共政

21、策的政治环境3.1 the political environment of public policies 一、政治环境与公共政策(一)政治环境的含义（二）政治环境对公共政策的影响I political environment and public policies1 the meaning of political environment2 the influence exerted by political environment on public policies二、政治制度与公共政策1、一个国家的政治制度往往具有以下几个特点：（1）权威性。（2）政治性。（3）政党特征。2、君主专制

22、制度下公共政策运行的特征3、民主制度的对公共政策的影响II political institution and public policiesn1 the characters of political institution (1)be of authority (2)be of politics (3)be of political partyn2 the characters of public policy operating in autocracies ruled by monarchiesn3 the influence exerted by democracy on publi

23、c policies三、政治文化与公共政策（一）政治文化的含义（二）政治文化的构成1、政治意识2、政治价值观3、政治道德4、政治理想III political culture and public policies1 the meaning of political culture2 the constitution of political culture (1)political conscious (2)political value (3)political morality (4)political idea（三）政治文化特征1、国家性2、阶级性3、民族性 4、政治文化有历史继承性（

24、四）政治文化的功能1、规范作用2、导向作用3、支持作用3 the features of political culture(1)be of state(2)be of class(3)be of nation(4)historic continuance4 the function of political culture(1)to regulate(2)to guide(3)to sponsor（五）政治文化在公共政策过程中的作用1政治文化在公共政策制定过程中的作用。2政治文化在公共政策的执行过程中的功能。3政治文化对政策评估的作用。4政治文化在政策的调控中也发挥着巨大的功能。（六）民主政

25、体的政治文化与政策发展5 the effect of political culture in the process of public policies(1)the effect in the process of public policies making(2)the effect in the process of public policies executing(3)the effect in the process of public policies evaluating(4)the great effect in public policies regulating6 th

26、e political culture and policy development in democracy第二节公共政策的自然和经济环境3.2 Natural and economic environment of public policies一、经济环境与公共政策（一）经济环境的概念（二）社会经济一般状况对公共政策有着重要的影响社会经济状况是一国或一地区的政策制定的基本出发点。自然资源多寡决定着一个国家生存能力的强弱和发展潜力的大小。社会物质经济利益的分配调节是一定历史时期政策体系，特别是大量经济社会政策得以确定的主要根据。I economic environment and publ

27、ic policies1 the concept of public policies2 Social economy has significant influence on public policies.(1)Social economy is the basis for a state or a region to make policies.(2)A states ability to survive and potentiality to develop depend on the quantity of it natural resources.(3)The distributi

28、on and adjustment of social material and economic interest are the main foundation of policies,especial economic and social policies in a particular period （三）经济体制对公共政策的影响自然经济体制是一种封闭的以自给自足的小农经济为基础的经济体制。市场经济体制是一种建立在社会化大生产基础上的经济运行机制。计划经济体制是社会主义曾经实行过的经济体制。3 the influence exerted by economic system(1)Na

29、tural economic system is the closed one build on the basis of small farmer economy which features self-supporting.(2)Market economic system is build on the basis of socialized producing.(3)Project economic system was once carried out by socialism.（四）我国现阶段的经济环境与公共政策我国的经济环境呈现出以下特点：第一，物质技术基础仍然比较薄弱。第二，我

30、国正处于社会的转轨时期，经济制度还不完善。4 current economic environment and public policies in China Chinas economic environment has several features as following Firstly,the material and technical foundation is frail.Secondly,as Chinese society is shifting,the economic system is no perfect.二 自然环境与公共政策（一）自然环境的概念（二）自然环境

31、与公共政策公共政策与自然环境的互动关系表现在以下三个方面：II natural environment and public policies1 the concept of natural environment2 natural environment and public policies The relationship between public policies and natural environment can be indicated in three aspects as following（l）自然环境与其他多种环境因素组成一个外部系统对公共政策过程发生影响。（2）对

32、于旨在调节和促进社会的持续稳定发展的公共政策必须从一个国家或一个地区的自然环境出发，必须遵循自然规律。（3）公共政策对自然环境具有很大的反作用。可持续发展的战略就包含了合理利用自然资源，保护自然环境的内容。（三）我国的自然环境和公共政策(1)Natural environment exerts influence on the process of public policies as an external system with other environmental factors.(2)In order to adjust and promote the consistent and

33、stable development of the society,the public policies should adhere to the natural environment,and obey natural principles.(3)Also,public policies have great effect to natural environment.The persistent development strategy implies the principles to use natural resources reasonable and protect natur

34、al environment.III natural environment and public policies in China第三节 公共政策的社会文化环境3.3 social cultural environment of public policies 一、社会环境与公共政策（一）人口因素与公共政策（二）民族环境与公共政策二、文化环境与公共政策文化环境的含义（二）文化制度及其对公共政策的影响I social environment and public policiesn1 population and public policiesn2 ethnic factors and pu

35、blic policiesII cultural environment and public policiesn1 the definition of cultural environmentn2 the influence on public policies by cultural institution1 文化制度的含义2文化制度的特征阶级性。继承性。开放性。(1)the meaning of cultural institution (2)the features of cultural institution Be of class Be of succession Be of o

36、pening 3 文化制度对公共政策的影响专制的文化制度对公共政策的影响民主的文化制度对公共政策的影响4、我国的文化环境和公共政策n3 the influence on public policies by cultural institution（1）the influence by autocratic cultural institution（2）the influence by democratic cultural institutionn4 the cultural environment and public policies in China第四节 公共政策的国际环境 3.4

37、the international environment of public policies一、国际环境概述(一)国际环境的概念和类型(二)国际环境的基本特征（l）整体性。（2）层次性。（3）动态性。（4）一定程度的可控制性。n1 the concept and types of international environmentn2 the basic features of international environment (1)be of entirety (2)be of levels (3)be of dynamism (4)be controllable to some ex

38、tent（三）国际环境的功能（三）国际环境的功能（l）价值增损功能。）价值增损功能。（2）制约功能。）制约功能。(3)扩大功能。扩大功能。3 the function of international environment(1)to increase and decrease the value(2)to regulate(3)to enlargen（四）我国当前的国际环境(1)和平与发展仍然是世界的主题。(2)霸权主义和强权政治仍然存在，国家间的冲突时有发生，国际政治环境还存在着很多不稳定因素。(3)全球化是当今世界的发展趋势。自20世纪90年代以来，全球化成为世界发展的一大趋势。(4)市

39、场化是当代世界发展的另外一个基本趋势。(5)信息化是当代世界的第三个基本趋势。n4 the current international environment of China (1)Peace and development are still the main theme in the world.(2)Hegemony and power politics still exists.The conflicts between nations still break up frequently.A lot of unstable factors still exist in interna

40、tional political environment.(3)Globalization has been the general trend in todays world since 1990s (4)The worldwide market is another basic trend.(5)Information era is the third trend.二、二、国际环境对公共政策的影响国际环境对公共政策的影响 II the influence on public policies by international environment(一)地理位置对公共政策的影响(二)国土面

41、积对公共政策的影响(三)国际经济环境对公共政策的影响世界经济体系对公共政策的影响世界经济格局对公共政策的影响世界经济形势对公共政策的影响国际分工、国际贸易和国际全融对公共政策的影响1 the influence by geographic location 2 the influence by national territory 3 the influence by international economic environment (1)the influence by world economic system (2)the influence by world economic st

42、ructure (3)the influence by world economic situation (4)the influence by international work division,international trade,and international finance（四）国际政治环境对公共政策的影响1、国际政治体系对政策的影响2、国际政治格局对政策的影响3、国际政治形势对政策的影响4、国际军事因素对公共政策的影响n4 the influence on public policies by international political environment (1)t

43、he influence by international political system (2)the influence by international political structure (3)the influence by international political situation (4)the influence by international military factor（五）国际文化环境对公共政策的影响1.物质文化对公共政策的影响2制度文化对公共政策的影响3.精神文化对公共政策的影响4.科学技术对公共政策的影响n5 the influence on publ

44、ic policies by international cultural environment(1)the influence by material culture(2)the influence by institution culture(3)the influence by spiritual culture(4)the influence by science and technology第四章 公共政策主体系统和客体系统 Chapter4 The Subject System and Object System of Public Policies第一节 公共政策主体系统4.1

45、 The subject system of public policies一、国家公共法权主体1、立法：2、行政：3、司法机关：4、执政党：I the subjects of a nations public legitimate powern1 legislationn2 administrationn3 judicaturen4 party in power二、社会政治法权主体个体公民（选民）、利益集团三 社会非法权主体地下团体、大众传媒nII the subjects of social political legitimate powerIndividual citizens(ele

46、ctors)Interest groupsnIII the subjects of non social authorized powerSecret groups Mass media第二节第二节 公共政策客体公共政策客体4.2 the objects of public policies 一、公共政策客体的类型（1）政策所要改变的状态（2）政策直接作用的人与事（3）政策所要调节的公众利益二、公共政策客体的构成（1）公共政策客体：物的方面（2）公共政策客体：人的方面I the types of these objects 1 the situation the policies intend

47、 to change 2 the persons and affairs the policies affect directly 3 the public interest the policies intend to adjustII the constitution of these objects(1)the resources and fund(2)the human resources 第五章第五章 公共政策的组织系统和体公共政策的组织系统和体制系统制系统Chapter5 The organizations and systems of public policies第一节第一节

48、公共政策的组织系统公共政策的组织系统5.1 the organization systems of public policies一、公共政策组织观和政策组织的类一、公共政策组织观和政策组织的类型型(一）政治学的组织观一）政治学的组织观（二）、管理学的组织观（二）、管理学的组织观（三）、公共政策组织观（三）、公共政策组织观（四）（四）政策组织的类型政策组织的类型 科层制公共政策组织科层制政策组织特点是：统一命令、二、分科分层、三、直线幕僚 (1)the view points on the organizations in Politics (2)the view points on the

49、organizations in Management science(3)the view points on the organizations in public policies(4)the types of policy organizations bureaucratic ideal organization of public policies The traits of this type of organizations:(a)having the same orders(b)having clear levels(3)having direct staff1、the vie

50、w points on the organization of public policies and the types of the organizations图2一12没有幕僚的科层制政策组织Image 2一12 bureaucratic ideal organizations of public policies without staffF：表示幕僚机构 图2一13有幕僚的科层制政策组织图2一13 Bureaucratic ideal organizations of public policies with staffn方案式公共政策组织n矩阵式公共政策组织nplan type o