翻译时词的选择课件.ppt

1、1/10/2023C-t-E translation1汉英翻译练习汉英翻译练习2 2 中国是茶的故乡，茶是中国的国饮国饮。中国人最懂茶趣茶趣，也最讲究饮茶艺术。在中国大部分地区，沿袭明清传统，以清饮雅赏的冲泡茶冲泡茶为主。但各地区所好仍有不同。一般说，北方（包括华北、东北与四川等地区），喜欢喝花茶；南方，尤其是江浙皖等地喜欢和绿茶；东南沿海则喜欢乌龙茶。有趣的是，湖南人喝茶，不仅饮其汁，而且连茶叶一并咀嚼吞服。如果再加上各地特殊嗜好，少数民族的奇风异俗，那么，中国的饮茶方式，可以说是繁花似锦繁花似锦了。1/10/2023C-t-E translation2 中国是茶的故乡，茶是中国的国饮国饮。

2、中国人最懂茶茶趣趣，也最讲究饮茶艺术讲究饮茶艺术。在中国大部分地区，沿袭明清传统，以清饮雅赏的冲泡茶冲泡茶为主。但各地区所好仍有不同。China is the home of tea,and drinking tea is a national obsession.The Chinese are the most likely to delight in drinking tea as well as being the most discriminating in the way tea is made and served.The tea-drinking tradition from M

3、ing and Qing dynasties,which features infused tea,has been inherited in most of China.But people from different areas favor different teas.1/10/2023C-t-E translation3 一般说，北方（包括华北、东北与四川等地区），喜欢喝花茶；南方，尤其是江浙皖等地喜欢和绿茶；东南沿海则喜欢乌龙茶。有趣的是，湖南人喝茶，不仅饮其汁，而且连茶叶一并咀嚼吞服。Generally,people in northern China,northeastern

4、China and Sichuan Province,love jasmine tea;those living in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui provinces favor green tea;and along the southern coast,people prefer Oolong tea.People from Hunan province have an interesting habit:they chew and swallow the tea leaves after drinking the infusion.1/10/2023C-t-E

5、translation4 如果再加上各地特殊嗜好，少数民族的奇风异俗，那么，中国的饮茶方式，可以说是繁花似锦繁花似锦了。Distinct customs in different areas and minorities compose the variety of Chinas tea-drinking tradition.1/10/2023C-t-E translation5How to Choose the Right Words?1/10/2023C-t-E translation6 假花 假唱 假钞 假酒 假新闻 恶性循环 恶性肿瘤 Artificial flower Lip-syn

6、ch Counterfeit money Adulterated wine Pseudo-news Vicious circle Malignant tumor1/10/2023C-t-E translation7 白菜 救火 早恋 买一赠一 长镜头 方便面 隐形眼镜 Chinese cabbage Fight a fire Puppy love Buy one,get one free Zoom lens Instant noodle Contact lens1/10/2023C-t-E translation8汉语词语的特点汉语词语的特点1.1.汉语有许多词语重意合，其外形不完整,其含义靠

7、人们的语言习得去感悟。例如:这个我自己决定不了，我得请示请示这个我自己决定不了，我得请示请示上边儿上边儿。I cant decide on it personally.I have to ask the head.1/10/2023C-t-E translation9“行动比言语更响亮行动比言语更响亮”可能可能老掉牙了老掉牙了，但它仍不失为一条真理，但它仍不失为一条真理。“Actions speak louder than words”may be an overworn phrase,but its still true.我银行里为你我银行里为你挂个名挂个名，你白天，你白天去走走去走走，晚上

8、教教我儿子，一面，晚上教教我儿子，一面找机会找机会，好不好？，好不好？Ill put you on the payroll at the bank.You can drop in during the day and in the evening tutor my son while looking for a job.Hows that?1/10/2023C-t-E translation10广泛阅读外文报刊有助于提高翻译水平。广泛阅读外文报刊有助于提高翻译水平。One can become a better translator by reading plenty of foreign l

9、anguage newspapers and magazines.Extensive reading of foreign language newspapers and journals can help improve ones skills in translation.1/10/2023C-t-E translation112.2.汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化，我们姑且称之为，我们姑且称之为“语境词语境词”。翻译这类词语时。翻译这类词语时,应应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词语紧密结合上下文译成相应的词语,而不能按照原词的而不能按照原词

10、的外形来译。外形来译。Each word is a new word in a new context.(Firth)1/10/2023C-t-E translation12例如：例如：“介绍介绍”发言者先简短地做了自我发言者先简短地做了自我介绍介绍，然后才开始演讲。，然后才开始演讲。The speaker introduced himself briefly before delivering his lecture.The speaker began his speech after a brief self-introduction.我先我先介绍介绍一下本公司的主要产品。一下本公司的主要

11、产品。First let us say something about the main products of our company.Let me begin by saying a few words about our companys main products.1/10/2023C-t-E translation13能否能否介绍介绍一下成功经验？一下成功经验？Could you tell us about your experience in achieving success?Could you tell us how you achieved your success?如果不是

12、朋友如果不是朋友介绍介绍，他不会得到那个职位。，他不会得到那个职位。If his friends had not recommended him,he would not have got the position.He would not have obtained the post without the recommendation of a friend.1/10/2023C-t-E translation14我给你我给你介绍介绍个对象好不好？个对象好不好？Would you like me to find a girlfriend for you?Do you want me to

13、find a boyfriend for you?她特别喜欢给人她特别喜欢给人介绍介绍对象。对象。Matchmaking is one of her favorite hobbies.She takes great pleasure in acting as a matchmaker.1/10/2023C-t-E translation15“轻重轻重”在不同的语境中可以指重量，程度，主次，缓在不同的语境中可以指重量，程度，主次，缓急，适当的程度等等。译成英语时应视情况不同译成不急，适当的程度等等。译成英语时应视情况不同译成不同的词语。同的词语。E.g.(1)这两个大石头这两个大石头轻重轻重相等

14、。相等。These two stones equal in weight.(2)(2)这件事这件事无足轻重无足轻重。This is a matter of no consequence.(3)(3)他总是他总是轻重倒置轻重倒置。He always puts the trivial above the important.1/10/2023C-t-E translation16 (4)处理事情应该讲处理事情应该讲轻重轻重缓急。缓急。Matters should be handled according to priority.(5)这件事的这件事的轻重轻重你仔细掂量掂量。你仔细掂量掂量。Just

15、 think over the consequences of the matter.(6)这些年青人做事情这些年青人做事情不知轻重不知轻重。These young people do not know the proper way to act.1/10/2023C-t-E translation17“意思意思”在不同语境中表示不同的含义。在不同语境中表示不同的含义。E.g.(1)这篇文章的中心这篇文章的中心意思意思是什么？是什么？Whats the central idea of this article?(2)(2)你是什么你是什么意思意思？What do you mean?1/10/2

16、023C-t-E translation18 (3)我的我的意思意思还是不去为好。还是不去为好。In my opinion its better not to go.(4)天有点要下雨的天有点要下雨的意思意思。It is about to rain.(5)跳舞很跳舞很有意思有意思。Dancing is a lot of fun.1/10/2023C-t-E translation19 (6)他这个人很他这个人很有意思有意思。He is rather humorous.(7)“够意思够意思！”Really kind you are!(8)不要不好不要不好意思意思。Dont feel embarr

17、assed.”1/10/2023C-t-E translation20(9)甲：这一点小甲：这一点小意思意思，请务必收下。，请务必收下。乙：你这人真乙：你这人真有意思有意思，怎么也来这一套，怎么也来这一套?甲：唉，只是甲：唉，只是意思意思意思意思罢了。罢了。乙：啊，真乙：啊，真不好意思不好意思。A：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciationPlease do take itB：Oh,arent you a bit too polite?You shouldnt do thatA：Well，it just conveys my grat

18、itudeB：Ah,thank you then,though I really dont deserve it1/10/2023C-t-E translation21 3.3.有些汉语词语比较笼统,表意模糊,英译时应突破重直觉、看表象的思维模式,寻求词语的确切含义。E.g.1)昨天看电影我没有买到好票。I did not buy a good seat for yesterdays film.2)2)这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才人才。The national key university has prepared batches of qualif

19、ied graduates for the society.1/10/2023C-t-E translation22 3)要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的,因为因为中国人口众多，中国人口众多，底子薄底子薄，各地发展不平衡，各地发展不平衡，Given Chinas huge population,low economic starting level and uneven development in different parts of the country,it is not easy to reach a relatively comf

20、ortable standard of living in about ten years.1/10/2023C-t-E translation23 4.4.汉语动词的含义比较单一，其修饰意义往往需汉语动词的含义比较单一，其修饰意义往往需要副词配合。英语动词的表达能力强要副词配合。英语动词的表达能力强,不仅表达动作不仅表达动作本身，而且还表达修饰意义。所以翻译带副词修饰的本身，而且还表达修饰意义。所以翻译带副词修饰的汉语动词时，不少情况下不使用副词。汉语动词时，不少情况下不使用副词。1/10/2023C-t-E translation241)一座古塔一座古塔阴森森地阴森森地矗立在山腰上。矗立在

21、山腰上。An ancient pagoda frowns on the mountainside.2)他他摸索着摸索着把门打开。把门打开。He fumbled the door open.3)暴风雨暴风雨狂袭了一阵狂袭了一阵后停了。后停了。The storm raved itself out.4）让我们）让我们热烈地热烈地拥抱这个春天吧。拥抱这个春天吧。Lets stretch our arms to embrace the spring.1/10/2023C-t-E translation25 5.汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指涵义完全汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指涵义完全不同。英译

22、时应跳出机械对应的思维定势，动态地译不同。英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定势，动态地译出潜在的意义。出潜在的意义。E.g.1)你怎么能够相信他呢？他是个你怎么能够相信他呢？他是个墙头草墙头草，谁硬就跟，谁硬就跟谁。谁。How can you trust him?Dont you know that he always goes with the wind and falls on the side of the stronger?1/10/2023C-t-E translation26 2)他真是他真是软棉花捏的软棉花捏的,挨了骂都不敢还嘴挨了骂都不敢还嘴.Hes wishy-washy.He d

23、are not talk back when being cursed.3)我们取得了很大的成绩，但这并不意味着我们就可我们取得了很大的成绩，但这并不意味着我们就可以从此以从此吃老本吃老本而无需进取了。而无需进取了。We have achieved a lot,but that doesnt mean we can therefore rest on our laurels without aiming high.1/10/2023C-t-E translation27 4)他这是他这是吃不了兜着走吃不了兜着走。He landed himself in serious trouble.5)他们

24、几乎每天晚上都他们几乎每天晚上都修长城修长城。They play mahjong almost every night.6)老师答应给这几个学生老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶吃小灶”。The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition.1/10/2023C-t-E translation28 基于上述汉语词汇的特点，我们在翻译时可以遵守下面几个标准进行选词。1.根据语义范围进行选词 2.根据搭配选择合适的词语 3.根据话语的褒贬选择合适的词语1/10/2023C-t-E translation29 1.根据实际语义范围进

25、行选词根据实际语义范围进行选词 汉语中很多词汇的予以范围比英语中近似的词汇大，翻译时必须根据实际情况，灵活掌握。例如：总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对的。中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。1/10/2023C-t-E translation30总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对的。Of course,our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside

26、 world.中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。China should show the world through its actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony.1/10/2023C-t-E translation31 2.2.根据搭配选择合适的词语根据搭配选择合适的词语 英汉语中的词语，各有自己的搭配关系。翻译时必须摆脱汉语的习惯，按照英语的搭配习惯来处理含义的某些搭配，不能生搬硬套。例如：大城市 大雨 大志 大人物

27、大道理 a big city a heavy rain a high aim an important person general principles1/10/2023C-t-E translation32进行社会主义革命To carry out socialist revolution 进行一场激烈的争论To carry on a spirited debate 进行实地调查To make an on-the-spot investigation进行亲切的谈话To have a cordial conversation 进行侵略To commit aggression 进行协商To ho

28、ld consultation with 进行核试验To conduct a nuclear test1/10/2023C-t-E translation33 基本工资 基本建设 基本物资 基本工业 基本利益 Basic wage Capital construction Essential commodity Primary industry Fundamental interest1/10/2023C-t-E translation34 他英语说的不错。他说谎。他说他很忙。我说不好。这可说不得。别胡说八道!He speaks English well.Hes telling a lie.H

29、e says he is busy.Im unable to express it well.It must not be mentioned.Be reasonable!1/10/2023C-t-E translation35 3.3.根据话语的褒贬选择合适的词语根据话语的褒贬选择合适的词语 在翻译时要根据话语的褒贬感情色彩做出合适的选择。例如：他们讲索取，我们讲奉献。They preach taking from others,whereas we advocate giving to others.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。What she seeks is truth,an

30、d what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.1/10/2023C-t-E translation36 在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。Throughout the process of reform and opening,we must combat/fight against corruption.其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪婪，不应享受。In actual fact,middle age represents the prime of ones life,allowing no ind

31、olence,no self-indulgence.1/10/2023C-t-E translation37 他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。1.He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change medicine in the hospital.2.He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing in the hospital.佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的，可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。1.The life of a tenant farmers fami

32、ly was of course hard,but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.2.The life of a tenant farmers family was of course hard,but it was somehow comfortable because mother was a clever and able woman.Exercise1/10/2023C-t-E translation38 富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。1.You will be

33、 enchanted by the unique European amorous feelings of Fuhua furniture.2.You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.1/10/2023C-t-E translation39 两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。大家对这一做法很有意见。他们在会上闹起了意见。他们就此问题取得了一致意见。你应该听从医生的意见。1/10/2023C-t-E translation40

34、 两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.1/10/2023C-t-E translation4

35、1 大家对这一做法很有意见。Everyone complained against such a practice.他们在会上闹起了意见。They had a dispute at the meeting.他们就此问题取得了一致意见。They reached a consensus/agreement on this issue.你应该听从医生的意见。You should follow the doctors advice.1/10/2023C-t-E translation42 连续下了三天大雨。他爱说大话。他们在教室大扫除。像他这样的人大有人在。根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。如果你那样干

36、，你就大错特错了。1/10/2023C-t-E translation43 连续下了三天大雨。It rained cats and dogs(hard/heavily)three days on end.他爱说大话。He likes talking big./He likes saying big words.他们在教室大扫除。They are giving the classroom a good cleaning,1/10/2023C-t-E translation44 像他这样的人大有人在。A person like him is by no means rare.根据你的建议，我们应该

37、办大厂了。We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.如果你那样干，你就大错特错了。If you do it like that,you will be completely wrong.1/10/2023C-t-E translation45 我们试了一下，果然很灵。灵前摆着花圈。他虽然上了年纪，手脚倒还灵。这匹老马很有灵性，能领会主人的意图。1/10/2023C-t-E translation46 我们试了一下，果然很灵。We tried it out and it really

38、worked.灵前摆着花圈。Wreaths were laid in front of the coffin.他虽然上了年纪，手脚倒还灵。Though getting on in years,he is still nimble.这匹老马很有灵性，能领会主人的意图。The horse is quite intelligent who can sense what the rider wants.1/10/2023C-t-E translation47 我不断参阅论述那些问题的著作。那台机床出问题了。一路上没出什么问题。你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。1/10/2023C-t-E translat

39、ion48 我不断参阅论述那些问题的著作。I have constantly referred to works dealing with those subjects.那台机床出问题了。Something has gone wrong with that lathe.一路上没出什么问题。The trip went off without mishap.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。Youll find the topic/issue being discussed everywhere.1/10/2023C-t-E translation49 汉英翻译练习3 社会保障体系框架基本确立。城镇基

40、本养老保险制度和基本医疗保险制度建设迈出重大步伐。建立了国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障制度、失业保险制度、城市居民最低生活保障制度。社会保障覆盖面不断扩大，全国城镇参加基本养老保险、基本医疗保险和失业保险的人数大幅度增加，符合条件的城市困难居民已逐步纳入最低生活保障范围，基本做到应保尽保。1/10/2023C-t-E translation50 社会保障体系框架基本确立。城镇基本养老保险制度和基本医疗保险制度建设迈出重大步伐。The framework of a social security system was established by and large.The establishme

41、nt of basic old-age pension and medical insurance systems in urban areas has made significant headway.1/10/2023C-t-E translation51 建立了国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障制度、失业保险制度、城市居民最低生活保障制度。Systems of basic living allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises,unemployment insurance,and subsistence allow

42、ances for the urban poor were established.1/10/2023C-t-E translation52 社会保障覆盖面不断扩大，全国城镇参加基本养老保险、基本医疗保险和失业保险的人数大幅度增加，The coverage of social security programs continued to expand.The number of urban residents participating in the basic old-age pension program,the basic medical insurance system and the unemployment insurance program increased significantly.1/10/2023C-t-E translation53 符合条件的城市困难居民已逐步纳入最低生活保障范围，基本做到应保尽保。Needy urban residents came gradually under the coverage of the subsistence allowances program,and all eligible urban residents were by and large provided for.