试谈欧莱雅供应链诊断英文版)课件.ppt

1、March 18,2004Presentation Agenda I.Project Scope and ActivitiesII.Overview of Our Supply Chain FindingsI.ProcessesII.Inventory ReviewIII.Maturity ProfilesIV.Organization/People and Culture V.TechnologyIII.Supply Chain RoadmapIV.Discussion of Next Steps2Our Project ApproachOver the past three weeks,w

2、e have:Interviewed 5 Executives of LOral CanadaFacilitated two cross-functional process workshopsCollected and analyzed dataConducted a high level maturity assessmentCompared LOral process and performance to CPG best practiceIdentified key business issues and areas of improvementSummarized our findi

3、ngs in this presentation documentProject KickoffData CollectionInterview with ExecutivesProcess WorkshopsModel Review&Validate Base CaseReview MetricsIdentify&Consolidate Issues&OpportunitiesOpportunity PrioritizationBenefits AssessmentFindings/Recommendation DevelopmentPresent RecommendationsDiscus

4、s Next Steps3Cross-Functional Participants Laurent Venot(Project Sponsor)Jean ValoisPierre MassicotteValry MayerDominique De Celles Isabelle Genest Anne-Marie NelsonDion GemmityEli BengioPatricia RaposoValrie LacerteYves DubNaity JacelPierre Journel Marcelyne CraftMartin Deschnes4Presentation Agenda

5、 I.Project Scope and ActivitiesII.Overview of Our Supply Chain FindingsI.ProcessesII.Inventory ReviewIII.Maturity ProfilesIV.Organization/People and Culture V.TechnologyIII.Supply Chain RoadmapIV.Discussion of Next Steps5Processes Develop Sales Forecast Maintain Promotional Plan Consider inventory l

6、evels,backorder reports,safety stock levels Consolidate and consider external data(POS,Nielsen,Customer data)Reconcile Demand Plan with Budget New Product Introductions Net Inventory and Lead Times from the Forecast Distributed Requirement Planning Capacity Requirement Planning Customer Allocations

7、Communicate forecast to Suppliers Receive supplier commitment Process Customer Orders Plan and Manage Finished Goods Inventory Picking and Packing Manage Outbound Product Flow Manage shipping&transportation Generate Invoice Credit management and A/R(*)Out of scope6Demand Planning Issues and Opportun

8、itiesIssuesManual and Inconsistent ProcessesThe forecast process is mostly manual,inconsistent across brands and divisions(due to different levels of maturity)as well as both time and resource consumingThere is no formal process for determining which products should be focused on during the forecast

9、ing meetingsNo one department“owns the forecast”There is no mechanism for automatically generating a baseline forecastToo much time is spent on manual processes,data clean-up and generating reports,leaving insufficient time to analyze data and manage exceptionsLOral Canadas brand forecasts are not a

10、ll aggregated up into one forecast limiting visibility and data sharing LOral Canada does not have simulation or“what if”capabilitiesMany disparate tools are being used to facilitate forecasting-Excel,Valo,SAP and Outils Gestion.Interfaces have been built between the various tools and systems,but ma

11、nual verification is required and the current technology still does not meet LOral s requirementsPOS,Nielsen,customer information,promotional and advertising information are not all integrated in one central repositoryOpportunityProcess Redesign Spend time forecasting products that give the highest

12、return.Not all product lines benefit from increased attention.Focus on high margin,low volume,big ticket items,high profile items and items with complements to maximize profitability Communicate and reconcile forecast assumptions by conducting a formal review after each planning cycle with all stake

13、holders.Report forecast error and modify assumptions as appropriateForecasting Tool/BW Implementing a Forecasting tool will enable the automatic generation of a baseline forecast based on sales history and additional variables.Most packages allow users to select a statistical model,enable the system

14、 to determine the model with the greatest fit or employ a composite model The forecasting tool selected should allow for the generation of alerts based on predefined tolerances,highlighting the products that require further consideration and manual intervention Products should be reviewed to determi

15、ne which ones are critical or high margin to plan in a Forecasting tool,while non-critical or stagnant products may be planned in SAP R/3 The forecasting tool selected should provide“What If”simulation capabilities to demonstrate the impact of a variable change(e.g.price change)Coordinate data colle

16、ction for all available sources and house it in a central repository such as SAP Business Warehouse7Demand Planning Issues and OpportunitiesIssuesOpportunityPeopleEnsure the Planning Team is Cross-Functional and Cross-Trained:LOral will need to evaluate their resources skills and determine if additi

17、onal resources are required to gain forecasting expertise Statistical proficiency and system expertise should be balanced with industry,company and product knowledge Cross-training sharpens skills,broadens perspectives and improves communication Create incentives to improve the accuracy of forecasts

18、:Establish forecast accuracy goals Establish compensation structure Monitor and review congruence of goals to rewardsThis will remove trade-offs between forecast accuracy and performance against forecast,leverages key information and helps eliminate biasesLOral Canada has started to tie compensation

19、 to forecast accuracy.This practice will obtain greater acceptance among employees once a tool to support the process has been implementedDepartments Involved have Different PrioritiesWhile the generation of the forecast is a collaborative effort between Sales,Marketing,Finance and Logistics,the inv

20、olved parties do not share the same view of the forecasts importance nor appreciate the impact of their input(or lack thereof)on other departments ability to execute their functions downstreamSales is seen as too distant from the customer and therefore lacking pertinent data to input into the foreca

21、sting e.g.which store carries which SKUSales strategy to push products at the end of the month and year by decreasing prices,throws off the forecastLOral Canada realizes that even if they implement a forecasting tool,without the proper processes or resources in place,forecast accuracy will not likel

22、y improve LOral Canada experiences a high turnover among sales and marketing people resulting in the loss of vital customer and product informationTraining for Sales and Marketing resources is insufficient.Compensation re-evaluation has begun to align individual goals and metrics with organizational

23、 goals with respect to forecast accuracyAlthough LOral Canada has made great strides in improving their forecasting process,the accuracy has not improved significantly leading to feelings of frustration among employees8Demand Planning Issues and OpportunitiesIssuesOpportunityProduct Launches Althoug

24、h LOral Canada has access to other countries launches as well as to like products sales history,there is no tool or process in place to effectively incorporate this data into their forecastsLOral Canada is unable to accurately assess the cannibalization effect of one product on anotherNo post-mortem

25、 analysis is conducted or captured on failed product launches as input to future launchesPromotionsThere is currently no means to accurately cleanse promotional uplifts from sales history Past promotional performance is not adequately measured,therefore making it difficult to predict the impact of f

26、uture promotionsPromotions involving giftware can lead to imbalances in demand,making it difficult to predict true demand for these products“One Shot”promotions are difficult to planProduct AllocationProduct allocation has not been deployed effectively and has even led to undesirable forecasting beh

27、aviours Product Lifecycle Management Investigate APS functionality to handle:“Like Modeling”whereby sales history of a similar product is used to forecast a new product Phase In/Phase Out of products which entails weighting the forecast to reflect a products lifecycle The separation of the promotion

28、al uplift from baseline forecast generation CannibalizationData Cleansing Sufficient time must be spent cleaning data such as SKU changes,data errors,duplication,one-time events,stock-outs,promotions,outliers etc to enable forecasting models to separate business growth from seasonality and other dev

29、iationsProduct Allocation Allocation is a useful tool for ensure higher priority customersobtain increased service levels in cases of shortages.LOral should develop and implement formal policies for allocating products(e.g.based on customer forecasts)Allocation configuration should be modified to re

30、flect the new policies in SAP R/3.In the long-term additional allocation functionality could be explored in an APS tool9Demand Planning Issues and OpportunitiesIssuesOpportunityCustomer Collaboration Cross-Share Forecasts with Key Customers Incorporate customer forecasts which are deemed as reliable

31、 into baseline forecasts and challenge their numbers(manage by exception)Once forecasts are more accurate,LOral should provide a website to allow easy access for their Customers to enter their forecasts and to post LOrals confirmed quantities for customers to validate in a timely manner Aggregation/

32、Disaggregation Determine the appropriate level to forecast e.g.SKU/customer location for DSD,SKU/Customer DC for warehouse shipments An APS solution will facilitate the aggregation and disaggregation of the forecast,however,time should be spent determining the appropriate level for forecasting.Top-d

33、own approaches can mask trend shifts while bottom-up approaches may not consider effects shared across brandsMeasuring Forecast Inaccuracy Order date should be used as the point for establishing demand since it gives the most accurate information on when demand is initiated.Otherwise stock-outs,lost

34、 sales,opportunity costs and lost customers may be masked Ensure the full aggregated costs of forecast error are measured:Insufficient inventory(stock outs)Excess inventory(returns,spoiled,destroyed,obsolete,slow moving)Safety stock Expediting costs Inventory carrying costs OvertimeCustomer Collabor

35、ationAlthough some of LOral Canadas customers provide forecast and POS data,LOral does not possess the infrastructure or processes to effectively use the dataLOral Canada must first focus on improving its own processes before extending their processes and data out to share with Customers and Supplie

36、rsForecast Accuracy While forecast accuracy is better at the Brand level,it varies greatly at the SKU level regardless of product classification(A,B,C)Only 40%to 50%of items achieve the target of tolerance of 20%(BIC 75%of SKU achieve this target)SKU ranking has been erroneousImpacts of Forecast Ina

37、ccuracyNumerous forecast modification requests to the factoriesCustomer Service levels(line fill rate in$)are at 92%despite target s of 98.5%(BIC is 99%)Inventory Write-offs are at 10.5%(BIC for CPG is 2%)Inventory Turns are 4(BIC for CPG is 17)Sales Returns are at 5.25%(BIC is 0.4%)NOTE:We are comp

38、aring LOral to CPG companies which is not a fair comparison in some cases.The comparison is meant as a guideline.10Supply Planning Issues and OpportunitiesIssuesInput The unconstrained forecast is the main input for developing the purchasing plan.Given LOral Canadas poor forecast accuracy,the purcha

39、sing plan does not effectively meet customers demands as demonstrated by the numerous forecast modification orders sent to the plants and high inventory levels Products lead times,safety stock levels,min/max levels are not reviewed on a regular basisFactory Constraints The purchasing frozen horizons

40、 set by the plants seem excessively long and are not reviewed sufficiently.Therefore,LOral Canada must place orders far in advance,often before they are able to assess trends The plants confirm back all ordered quantities since replenishment lead time is used.As a result,LOral does not obtain a real

41、 view of supply or capacity constraints The factories are Product focused rather than Sales/Customer focused.The result is a Push model rather than Pull.LOrals factories occasionally push excess stock to the DCs rather than trying to match customers requirements No global supply planning is engaged

42、in at LOral.Each LOral Sales Company is prescribed where to buy each product and can only look to other factories in cases of shortage/capacity constraintsOpportunityFactory Constraints Collaborative Planning with the plants would involve LOral Canada posting their forecast on the Web and allowing t

43、he factories to confirm the quantities they can supply against the forecast in a timely manner Continue to roll-out one of the newer LOral Canada processes whereby products are stocked in the US and shipped directly to customers in Canada to reduce inventory levels and costsLong Term Once LOral Cana

44、da has improved their forecast accuracy,they will be in a better position to approach the factories to discuss:Shortening frozen horizons Communicating issues Obtaining visibility to the plants production schedules to gain a better sense of supply plans and capacity constraints Receiving ASNs to giv

45、e LOral Canada a true sense of their ATP to pass on to their customers Develop new policies and education program across LOral companies to ensure customer service levels are the primary focus rather than factory throughput and costs All LOral company forecasts should be rolled up to a central suppl

46、y chain group for global supply planning purposes.This would enable global fulfillment to match supply with demand11Supply Planning Issues and OpportunitiesIssuesOpportunityAllocation The US Factories ought to be allocating stock in ratio to LOral Sales Companies forecasts.This would:Encourage the L

47、Oral Sales Companies to improve their forecast accuracyEnsure fair share allocation in shortage situations since each Sales Company would obtain stock in proportion to their forecastBeyond the forecasted amount stock could be allocated on a“first come,first serve”basis The US Factories should measur

48、e and be compensated based on their ability to service all of North America and not just the US VMI Implement an APS tool that includes VMI functionality and choose a pilot customer to model with before extending the functionality out to other customers Leverage the VMI experience of LOral USA(e.g.L

49、ancme)Product Harmonization Where possible,continue to roll out the process of manufacturing with Final Assembly,whereby products are produced and finished to the point of localization steps Factory Constraints(contd)Canada makes up only 3%of LOrals global sales,while the US which supplies Canada ma

50、kes up 28%of LOrals global sales.Therefore,LOral Canadas requirements are only fulfilled once the USs needs have been satisfied.There is no formal process to allocate stock between Canada and the US The US factory is measured based on its ability to meet the US requirements instead of North Americas