2022年中考精讲语法ppt课件-动词不定式.pptx

1、 动词不定式 动词不定式用法动词不定式形式总结及习题演练 第一部分 动词不定式形式 011）基本形式：肯定式:to do否定式:not to do省略to的:do2）特点 ：A.没有人称和数的变化B.可以有自己的宾语和状语 C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be +动词过去分词）to do不定式 第二部分 动词不定式的用法 02to do不定式在句子中充当的成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语X 作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your

2、 fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在谓语之后，放在谓语之后，使句子保持平衡。使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It+谓语谓语+to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：Its+n.+to doIts our duty _ help the poor.句型句型3：It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的）It i

3、s easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.练一练练一练1.Its necessary (take)medicine on time.2.Its not easy for him

4、 so much homework in one day.(do)3.Its time for us _（have）supper 练一练答案练一练答案1.Its necessary to do(take)medicine on time.2.Its not easy for him to do so much homework in one day.(do)3.Its time for us to have（have）supper 作表语放在系动词后做表语如:The important thing is to finish the work on time.作宾语1.及物动词动词+to do常

5、见及物动词动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan 等 She wanted to get home earlier that day.2.动词+疑问词+to do I dont know what to do.3.动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+to doI find it important to learn English.决定期望请求做 拒绝同意保证做 决定学习计划做 做好决定负担起want would like,hope,ask refuse,agree,promise,decide,learn,plan,choose,afford I refu

6、se _(answer)your question.Its a secret.Do you plan _(watch)a talent show or a sports show tonight?接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：cant wait to domake up ones mind to doused to dofail to do既可加doing又可加to do作宾语的动词:A.begin,start无区别B.like,dislike,love,hate +doing 长期爱好或习惯 +to do 暂时想法C.continue,

7、go on,stop +doing 继续/停止做一件事 +to do 继续/停止做另一件事D.forget,remember +doing 忘记/记得做过的事 +to do 忘记/记得要去做某事E.try/cant help try doing 尝试做某事 try to do 尽力地做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事 cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 练一练1.Boys,dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A.closingB.closedC.to closingD.to close

8、2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.rest3.Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A.to turn offB.turning offC.turn offD.to turning off 练一练答案1.Boys,dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A.closingB.closedC.to clos

9、ingD.to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.rest3.Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A.to turn offB.turning offC.turn offD.to turning off 作宾补1.动词+宾语+to do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell

10、.wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise 等。2.动词+宾语+do(不带 to 的不定式)注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice；使役动词 have,make,let.请求与命令ask sb.to do sth.tell sb.to do sth.想要邀请期待鼓励与建议want sb.to do sth.invite sb.to do sth.expect sb.to do sth.encourage sb.to do sth.advise sb.to do sth.接不定式作宾

11、语补足语的动词口诀：接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：答应告诫允许提醒和帮助promise sb.to do warn sb.not to do sth.allow sb.to do sth.remind sb.to do sth.help sb.(to)do sth.一感，二听，三让，四看，五帮助：feelhear,listen tolet,make,have,look at,see,watch,noticehelp sb.（to）do sthhad better（not）do sth.why not/why dont you do sthwould ratherwould you pleas

12、e情态动词+do助动词+do省略to的情况:I often hear them sing this song.注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：He is often heard _ the song.He was seen _ the room.作状语A.表目的(to do/in order to/so as to do)He worked day and night to get the money.B.表原因They were very sad to hear the news.C.表程度It is too dark for us to see anythi

13、ng.作定语不定式作定语修饰名词，要放在所修饰的名词之后(又称后置定语)。There is nothing to worry about.Vinny is the first disabled person to sail around the world.作插入语To tell you the truth,youd better change your car.说实在话，你最好换换你这辆车。To be fair,its not his fault,hes not the one to blame.说句公道话，这不是他的错，不该责备他。to do的一些常用结构的一些常用结构1.have(has

14、,had)+不定式“不得不”，“只好He will have to swallow the bitterness sooner or later.他迟早要吞下这颗苦果的。As she missed the train,she had to return home.由于耽误了那趟火车，她只得又回家去了。2.there is(are)+不定式There is something important to do today.今天有一件重要的事情要做。3.疑问词+不定式”不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how等疑问词，这种不定式结构相当于名词性短语，可在句中做主语、宾语

15、或表语。What to do next is still a question for me.（做主语）He didnt tell me where to go.（做宾语）The problem is where to find him.（作表语）4.to be+过去分词”表达不定式的被动语态意义。There are twenty more trees to be planted.5.too+adj+to do”“太而 不能”。The boy is too young to join the army.这孩子太小，还不能参军。6.adj./adv.+enough+to do “足够.做.”Th

16、is car is not big enough to sit five people.这辆车不够大，坐不下五个人。第三部分 总结及习题演练 03to do不定式1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作宾语补足语5.作状语6.作定语7.作插入语8.常用结构1.基本形式2.句法作用1.肯定式2.否定式3.省略1.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B.does C.did D.to do 2.Do you often hear John _in his room?Listen!Now we can hear him _ in

17、 his room.A.sing,to sing B.sing,sing C.sing,singing D.to sing,singing 3.Would you please tell me next?A.how do B.what to do C.what do I do D.how I should do 练一练 4.For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A.hard B.it hard C.it hard to D.hard to5.Youd better _a bus.A.to catch B.catch C.c

18、atches D.catching练一练1.Its very cold outside.Please tell the boy the coat.(take off)2.Would you like_（go）shopping with me？3.It took us half an hour_（work)out the problem 4.He is old enough_（join)the army 5.I am sorry.I forgot_（tell)you the news6.I am sorry _(give)you so much trouble.7.The old lady wa

19、s sent to hospital _(have)a physical examination.8.Do you know what _(do)next?9.The doctor did what he could _(save)the old man.10._(improve)English,you must practise as much as possible.用所给词的适当形式填空1-5:DCBCB1.to take off 2.to go 3.to work 4.to join 5.telling 6.to have given 7.to have 8.to do 9.to save 10.To improve答案