2022年中考英语二轮复习 定语从句 ppt课件.pptx

1、定语从句专项定语从句目录 一、定语从句的概念 二、定语从句的三要素 三、定语从句的分类 四、定语从句的引导词 五、关系代词的用法（包含特殊用法）六、关系副词的用法 七、几个特殊的先行词 八、定语从句专项练习一、定语从句的概念 定语：只要在文中听到“.的”+名词，“的”就是修饰这个名词或短语的成分。定语从句：定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。The innocent nightingale died.The sing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.The

2、nightingale out of the window heared the sighs of the youngster.二、定语从句三要素 1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 指人的先行词 指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词 2.关系词：引导定语的词关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用 替代前面的先行词（替代作用）.Could you tell me when to ge

3、t the book_ I want to read?（that/which/不填）连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）Marian has written two novels,both of_have been made into tevevision series.（which）在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）We live in an age _more information is availale with great ease than ever before.(when)(2)关系词的分类 标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that/w

4、hich/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子 定语从句的构成：先行词定语从句的构成：先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句三、定语从句的分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开，如省去，意思完整。例如：Beijing,which is t

5、he capital of China,is a beautiful city with a long history.注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that that。四、定语从句的引导词 1、引导词按先行词的种类分类 人：who whom whose 物：that which whose 时间：that which when 地点：that which where 原因：that which whyuwhat不能引导定语从句。2、引导词按引导词本身的词性分类 代词：在从句中充当主语或宾语的成分：who whom that which as 副词：在句子中不充当任何主干成分：wh

6、en where why 形容词：在从句中修饰离它最近的名词，whose谁决定定语从句引导词的用法 I will never forget the day _I meet you.I will never forget the day _we spent.Youd better have some reason _you are late.Youd better have some reason _ sounds perfect.先行词 引导词在从句中充当的成分 共同决定引导词的用法。五、关系代词的用法 1.that that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾

7、语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night wa

8、s wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who、whom who，whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who 作主语）Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom 作宾语）4.as 引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于 suc

9、h/so.as.或 the same.as.结构中，例如：Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主

10、谓之间,翻译成“正如.那样”例如：The earth moves around the sun,as we all know.As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.The earth,as we all know,moves around the sun 在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：a.which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。b.as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。c.as 引导的非限

11、定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。关系代词的特殊用法1.当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom,that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.2.含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Is this the book(which/that)sh

12、e was looking for.3.关系词只能用关系词只能用that不用不用which的情况：的情况：3.关系词只能用关系词只能用that不用不用which的情况：的情况：1）行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。2）当先行词是不定代词或有不定代词修饰时。例如：all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等，只能用that，而不用whi

13、ch.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。3）先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：This is the same bike that I lost.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.4）先行词里同时含有

14、人或物时，只能用that.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.Who is the girl that is crying？6）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.7）有两个定语从句中，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that.They built up a small factory which produced things

15、 that could cause pollution.8)当先行词有such或the same修饰，先行词和关系代词同指一物。She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.9)当先行词是集体名词时，用that.He want to join the team that won the game.10)that 常与以-ible和able结尾的词一起用。There is no road that is impossible.练一练 1.This is the place_ John was born?A.which B.where

16、C.when D.that 2.He is the only person _ I want to talk to.A.that B.which C.who D.whose 3.Is this problem _the teacher explained last week?A.the one B.that C.which D.one 5.My mother will give Mary a model plane_ she will like to play.A.which B.that C.for which D.with which 4.关系词只能用关系词只能用which，而不用，而不用

17、that 的情况：的情况：5只用只用who 不用不用that的情形的情形六、关系副词的用法六、关系副词的用法 1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.(when=at which)2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is the place where he works.(where=at/in which)3.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for sch

18、ool.(why=for which)七、几个特殊的先行词(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that/in which/不填 The way in which/that/不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较：The way which/that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.way在定语中作tell的宾语 (2)先行词time time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句 This is the first time that the president has visited the country.time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when This was the time when there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets 此时when=during which 在.期间 八、定语从句专项练习