2022年中考英语二轮语法复习专题：情态动词ppt课件.pptx

1、CONTENTS目录情态动词的用法巩固练习情态动词表推测对比情态动词+have done1234情态动词的用法1can(could);may(might);must;need;ought to;dare(dared);shall(should);will(would);had better情态动词14动词1.实意动词2.非实意动词（1）及物动词（2）不及物动词（1）情态动词（2）助动词（3）系动词情态动词15只做情态动词1可做情态动词又可作实意动词具有情态动词特征可做情态动词又可作助动词234情态动词（情态动词（Modal verbsModal verbs）本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但

2、是不能独立作谓语，只能本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。或主观设想。may(might)mustcanneeddareought tohave toused toshall(should)will(would)社会捐赠款物协议书模板样本社会捐赠款物协议书模板样本合同编号合同编号:_甲方甲方(捐赠单位捐赠单位):_乙方乙方(接受捐赠单位接受捐赠单位):_甲方向乙方捐赠人民币甲方向乙方捐赠人民币_(大写大

3、写)元元,物资物资_,折合人民币折合人民币_(大写大写)元元,专项用于专项用于_地区地区_。具体捐赠意向如下。具体捐赠意向如下:指定捐赠单位指定捐赠单位捐赠资金捐赠资金捐赠物资折现捐赠物资折现合计合计非指定捐赠非指定捐赠合计合计情态动词16情态动词 表示可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测等意义，本身有词义，但不能独立做_ 也没有_和_的变化。肯定句中，后面接 _。否定句中，到后面加 _+_谓语人称数动词原形not动词原形 肯定 否定 缩写否定 can can not cant could could not couldnt maymay not /mightmight not mightnt mus

4、t must not mustnt shouldshould notshouldntshallshall notshant needneed notneedntwillwill notwontwouldwould notwouldnt用法归纳整理cancouldI can speak English.我会说英语。1.表示能力、许可、可能性It cant be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.那不可能是我们的老师，他正在游览长城呢。3.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时cant 译为“不可能”。Can it be t

5、rue?那会是真的吗？2.表示惊异、怀疑等Can I come in?我能进来吗？What can Mike mean?迈克可能是什么意思？可以，能，会用法归纳整理联系与区别He could write poems when he was 10.他十岁时就会写诗。1.could是can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。Could you do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗？2.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气补充在回答由could引导的表示请求的一般疑问句时，不能用could 回答，而要用can。如：-Could you tell me how to get to the

6、 hospital?-Of course,I can.知识点拓展知识点拓展1.辨析can与be able tocan表示表示或或，而，而be able to更加强调更加强调或者或者，能做到的事情。，能做到的事情。2.常用结构：can never/cant.too,cant.enough 表示“无论怎样也不过分”,“越越好”，”非常”eg:You cant be too careful while crossing the road.你过马路的时候，再怎么小心也不为过。知识点拓展知识点拓展4.can还可做还可做”之意，以描述之意，以描述。3.常用结构：cant help doing sth忍不住

7、做某事 cant help but do sth不得不做某事 cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事eg:People cant help laughing at the joke.听到这个笑话，人们忍不住笑了。eg:She can be very forgetful.她有时候会非常健忘。can/be able to区别:1.A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday.Luckily,everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2.She _ speak both English and

8、 French.can典例剖析1.-Who is the man over there?Is it Mr.Li?-No,it _ be him.Mr.Li is much taller.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt【思路点拨】cant表推测时，意为”不可能“。2.-Could I look at your pictures?-Yes,of course you _.A.could B.can C.will D.might【思路点拨】could提问，表请求时，要用can回答。用法归纳整理maymightMay I borrow your bike?我可以借

9、你的自行车吗？1.表示请求、许可，比can正式。用于请求时，might比may更客气，委婉。May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。4.表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+VHe is away from school.He might be sick.3.may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。2.表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。可以，可能用法归纳整理may be may be的may为情态动词，be为动词原形，在句中作谓语maybemayb

10、e是副词，意思为大概、也许，相当于perhaps，用在句首，作状语。易混点一：may be 和maybe典例剖析1.-May I go to the cinema,dad?-No,you _.You must finish your homework first.A.mustnt B.dont C.may not D.neednt【思路点拨】题中的may表示征询对方许可，表示“可以”的意思，常与第一人称I连用，构成“May I.?”句式，表示“我可以.吗？”肯定回答用Yes,you may.或Yes,please.否定回答用“No,you mustnt/you cant.”不用No,youma

11、y not.其意为“可能不”。用法归纳整理mustYou must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。这种“必须”多是出于义务、责任或强制命令。You mustnt play with fire.你不许玩火。其否定形式mustnt表示禁止表示坚持，意为“非得.，偏要.”。常用固定句型：if you must do sth.如果你非得要做某事mustThe light is on,so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。意为“一定，肯

12、定”用法归纳整理You mustnt miss the play.It is very good.你不要错过那个剧，它非常好。表示建议。用法归纳整理mustmust 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要must只用于一般现在或将来I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。have tohave to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。have to可以用于多种时态My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。易混点二：must

13、 和 have to用法归纳整理易混点三：cant 和 mustntcant(1)不会，表示没有能力。如：I cant speak English.我不会说英语。(2)不能。如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。(3)否定句中表示推测,“不可能”。如：The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。mustnt表示“不能”时，意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。You mustnt

14、 play football in the street.Its too dangerous.你不能在街上踢足球，太危险了。典例剖析1.-Must I finish the work before five oclock?-No,you _.A.neednt B.mustnt C.have to【思路点拨】在回答由must开头的疑问句时，如果是肯定回答，要用“Yes,you must”;如果是否定回答，要用“No,you neednt/dont have to.”表示不必，没有必要的意思，不用“mustnt”,因为mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”的意思。典例剖析2.We should keep

15、 quiet in the library.We _speak loudly.A.cant B.mustnt C.may not D.neednt【思路点拨】句意：我们在图书馆应该保持安静。我们不能大声讲话。cant表示“不能”时，指没有能力；mustnt表示“不能”时，指不允许，禁止；may not“可能不”，neednt“不必要”，C、D两项均不合题意。3.Whose volleyball is this?It _ be Lindas.She loves volleyball.A.must B.cant C.neednt【思路点拨】句意：这是谁的排球？它一定是琳达的。她喜欢排球。A.mus

16、t一定是，表示猜测；B.cant不可能是；C.neednt不必。根据后一句she loves volleyball她喜欢排球，可知猜测一定是琳达的，故选A。典例剖析用法归纳整理shouldWe should/ought to keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。表示劝告，建议，要求，命令，意为“应该”。否定形式shouldnt为”不应该“。其同义词组为ought to“应该”，在疑问句中，通常用should而不是ought to。The concert should be great fun.音乐会一定会很有意思。表示预期，意为”想必会，应该会，一定会“When sho

17、uld we have a meeting?我们应该什么时候开会？用法归纳整理should表示意外，惊讶，纳闷等，意为“居然，竟然”。I cant believe such a gentleman should be sorude to the old.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，意为“照说应该，估计，想必”He should be home by now.他现在想必在家吧与疑问词连用，表示拒绝、恼怒或惊奇。How should I know where youve left your bag?我怎么知道你把包丢在哪里了？用法归纳整理shall

18、shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。What shall we eat?我们该吃什么？（征求对方意见）用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺和威胁，或表示说话人的决心等。You shall be sorry for it one day.总有一天你会后悔的。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.什么也不能阻止我们实现这项计划。（决心）用于法律、规则等条文中，“应.,须.，得.“The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金缴纳典例剖

19、析1.Its nearly seven,Jack _ be here at any moment.A.need B.must C.should D.can【思路点拨】must表示主观上的推测，意为”一定“;should表示根据客观经验作出的推测，意为”应该，估计“;can表示推测时，用于否定句。根据题意，“现在快7点了，Jack应该很快就到这了”可知为客观推测。用法归纳整理willwould 1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。would是will的过去式 常用句型：I will never do that again。我绝不会再那样做。2.表示意志、愿望和决心。意为“会，要”

20、会2）Would you please(not)do3）Would you mind doing1）Would you like to do3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。意为“经常、惯于、总是”。4.表示一种揣测，设想事情的结果，动作，倾向。意为”“大概，也许”用法归纳整理needYou neednt hurry.你不必着急。1.作情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，其后用动词原形。表示必要性，意为“必要，需要”。其否定形式为neednt“不必要”。The car needs cleaning(=to be washed).车需要清洗了。2.作实义动词,意为“需要”，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，

21、否定形式为dont need。常见用法如下：1)need+n2)need to do sth3)sth need doing=sth need to be done某事需要被做典例剖析1.-Does he need _ there at once?-No,he _ leave so hurriedly because he has enough time.A.to go;doesnt need B.go;neednt C.to go;neednt D.to;doesnt need【思路点拨】由 Does 可知，问句中的 need 是行为动词，其后跟动词不定式作宾语；由leave 是动词原形可知

22、，应用情态动词 need 的否定形式 neednt,故选 C典例剖析2.The sick woman needs _.A.looking after B.to be looking after C.to look after D.being looked after【思路点拨】need,require,want 作“需要”解时，其后须跟动名词或不定式的被动语态作宾语,即应用这种结构need doing sth=need to be done，此时的动名词的主动式表示被动意义,故选 A。典例剖析3.She is ill and she needs _ a doctor.A.see B.to se

23、e C.sees D.seeing4.Your bike needs _.A.to repair B.to be repaired C.repaired D.being repaired用法归纳整理dareDare he tell them what he knows?他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗？1.作情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，其后用动词原形。表示必要性，意为“胆敢，敢于”。其否定形式为darent“不敢”。He doesnt dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。2.作实义动词,意为“敢于”，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，否定形式为dont dare。常见用法如下

24、：dare to do sth34情态动词的那些特殊用法had betterhad better do 最好做had better not do 最好不要做Youd better work hard in middle school.你最好在初中努力学习。表达表达“建议建议”和和“忠告忠告”，had better do“为好为好”，建议某人建议某人“最好不最好不”，要用要用had better not do。情态动词表推测或判断2can(could)can(could)may(might)may(might)mustmust might may should must “也许，可能也许，可能”

25、050100 “一定一定”表推测的情态动词语气对比 “可能可能”(可能性更小可能性更小)肯定句中：may not cant “可能不可能不”“不可能不可能”否定句中：“应该应该”Guessing gameWho is this?It _ be Fan Bingbing.It _ be Wang Baoqiang.It _ be Song Xiaobao.Its a he.Its not very tall.He is good at short sketch(小品),and he is a student of Zhao Benshan.mustmay/mightcant1.The girl

26、in the classroom _ be Sarah.She has gone to the library.A.may B.must C.cant D.neednt典例剖析【补充】词义辨析：have gone to 去了某地，未回have been to 去过某地，已回2-Whose book is this?-I am not sure.It _ be Marys.A.shall B.must C.mightD.can典例剖析【总结】题目中如出现“not sure/certain”等词，代表不确定，可能性较小，应用might来表示推测。3.-Listen.I think it _ be

27、Mr.White singing in the office.-No.It _be him.He left for London just now.A.must,mustnt B.may,mustnt C.must,cant D.can,can典例剖析【思路点拨】I think表示主观上的推测，故用must。词组leave for表示“动身去.”。情态动词+have done3“情态动词+have done”的用法（1）must have done 对过去某事的十分肯定猜测（2）may/might have done 对过去某事的可能性猜测（3）cant/couldnt have done 对

28、过去某事的否定猜测（4）should/ought to have done 过去应该做而未做（5）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 过去不应该做而实际上做了（6）neednt have done 本没有必要做的事实际却做了（7）could have done 本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到巩 固 练 习4Quizzes1 you tell me whats happening over there?A.Could B.May C.Might D.Shall2.We hope that as many people as possible _ join us f

29、or the charity show tomorrow.A.need B.can C.must D.should3.Im sure this book _ Li Leis,because there is his name on it.A.cant be B.may be C.might be D.must be4.Tony _ go to the opera on Saturday because hes going to have a meeting.A.cant B.might C.mustnt D.shouldABDAQuizzes1 I get there on time toda

30、y?No，you neednt A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should2.Im sorry.I _ go now.My father told me on the phone that my mother was ill.A.can B.have to C.may D.think3.-Must I do the work now?-No,you _.You may do it later.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt 4.Four hundred dollars for a pair of shoes,you _ be joking!A

31、.may B.can C.need D.must5.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A.should have taken B.could have taken C.neednt have taken D.mustnt have takenCBCDCQuizzes1.-Tom,dont drive too fast,you _ hit the others cars.-Ok,I wont,Mum.A.must B.may C.need D.have to2.-Do you have any plans for this Sunday?-Im not sure.I go to the countryside to see my grandmother.A.can B.must C.may D.need3.-Where are you going this month?-We go to Xiamen,but were not certain.A.might B.must C.neednt D.mustntBAC.谢谢观赏THANK YOU FOR WATCHING