2022年中考英语语法复习- 代词ppt课件.pptx

1、2 0 2 0代代 词词代代 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词1：定义：定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数、数(单数、复数单数、复数)以及性以及性(阴性、阳性、中性阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。三方面与被指代的名词一致。人称分类 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数复数 主 格 Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾

2、格用法口诀：用法口诀：人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；主格主格定把定把主语主语作，作，宾格宾格作作宾宾不会错。不会错。人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。_ 我是一名学生。我是一名学生。_ 他是一名学生。他是一名学生。_ 我们是学生。我们是学生。人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作的对象。人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作的对象。_ 我的爸妈非常喜欢我。我的爸妈非常喜欢我。_ 他给我一本书。他给我一本书。单数人称单数人称 2，3,1 复数人称复数人称 1，2，3 表示犯错表示犯错 1 在前在前_,_ and _ ar

3、e good friends._,_,and _should return on time._and _made her angry.练习练习()1.Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her.A.me and you B.you and I C.you and me D.I and you()2.Who taught _ English last term?A.them B.their C.they D.theirs()3.Last Sunday _had a picnic in Beihai Park.A.John,Mary and me B.John,I

4、 and Mary C.John,Mary and I D.I,John and Maryit 一一.除了可以指人指物之外除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义。等含义。Whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)Its fine.(天气晴好)Whats the time?-Its 12：00.(几点啦？12点)Its a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)It is

5、 very easy to learn English.We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)it 二二.it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.Who is the person over there?It is the headmaster.it 1.做某事情对某人来说是It is+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.对对Tom来说学习英语是非常简单的。来说学习英语是非常简单的。2.轮到某人做Its ones turn t

6、o do sth.轮到你回答问题了。轮到你回答问题了。3.是(某人)做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.)to do sth.是放学的时间了。是放学的时间了。4.据说 Its said that 据说，茶叶是被神农发现的。据说，茶叶是被神农发现的。5.某人花费做某事 It takes sb.some time to do sth.6.自从以来，已经有(时间)了。It is/has been+时段时段+since+从句从句(过去时过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb.think feel+it +adj.to do()1.I found _ very dif

7、ficult to make progress in my study.A.itsB.it C.that()2.It _ my father a whole month to go on business.A.spent B.cost C.took()3.It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet.A.go B.to go C.going A)用下列词的适当形式填空。用下列词的适当形式填空。1._ is my aunt.We often visit _.(she)2.China is a developing country._ is in the ea

8、st of Asia.(it)3.These new houses are so nice._ are very expensive.(them)4.Ling Ling is a girl._ studies in a primary school.5.Mike is my classmate._ is good at English.(he)6.Kate wants a glass of milk.Will you pass it to _?(she)7.Whats the weather like today?_ is cloudy.(it)SheherItTheySheHeherIt代代

9、 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词1.定义：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。定义：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。人称分类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数复数形容词性 myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性 用法口诀：用法口诀：物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。形容词性作形容词性作定语定语，后面定把名词用后面定把名词用。名词性、名词性、独立独立用，用

10、，主宾表语主宾表语它都充。它都充。(1)形容词性物主代词只可做定语。形容词性物主代词起形容词性的作用，在句中只能做定语。(即：形容词性物主代词后一定要跟上一个名词)_我喜欢她的电脑。_我不喜欢他的那本书。(2)名词性物主代词可作主语。_我们的手机在这儿，他们的在那儿。_我的钢笔和她的一点都不一样。(3)名词性物主代词可作表语。_那个房子是你的吗？_是的，它是我的。(4)名词性物主代词可作宾语。_请先打扫他们的房间，再打扫我们的。一、用括号中的适当形式填空一、用括号中的适当形式填空 (1)Are these _(you)pencils?Yes,they are _ (our).(2)Whose

11、is this pencil?Its _(I).(3)I love _(they)very much.(4)She is_(I)classmate.(5)Miss Li often looks after_(she)brother.(6)Are these _(they)bags？No,they arent _(their).They are _(we).youroursthemmyhertheirSheShemine二、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：二、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：1.Mary works in a book store._ likes _work ve

12、ry much.2.John and I are in the same school._ go to school together.3.Her sister makes all _ own dresses.4.I have many friends.Some of_are good at English.5.May I use _ bike?_is broken.SheherWeherthemyourMine()1.She is a friend of _.A.my B.mine C.I()2.This isnt my pen,it is _.A.her B.his C.him()3.Fr

13、ank cant find _ dictionary.Can you lend _ to _?A.her,mine,her B./,yours,he C.his,yours,him()4._ school is much bigger than _.A.Our,their B.Ours,theirs C.Our,theirs D.Ours,theirs()5.The dog is so poor because leg is badly hurt.A.it B.its C.its()6.Lets clean their room first and later.A.ours B.us C.we

14、 D.I代代 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词 人称分类第一人称第二人称 第三人称单数 复数 反身代词：表示我自己，你自己反身代词：表示我自己，你自己.等的词。等的词。作宾语，表示句子的主语和宾语为同一个人或物：作宾语，表示句子的主语和宾语为同一个人或物：He hurt himself yesterday.作同位语：一般有两个位置：放在所涉及的名词、代词之后或者放在句末：作同位语：一般有两个位置：放在所涉及的名词、代词之后或者放在句末：Tom himself did not know anyth

15、ing about it.Tom did not know anything about it himself.注意：英语的反身代词不能单独充当句子的主语：注意：英语的反身代词不能单独充当句子的主语：(误误)He asked people to do what himself did not want to do.(正正)He asked people to do what he himself did not want to do.随便吃随便吃/喝喝 help oneself (to)玩得愉快玩得愉快 enjoy oneself自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 dress oneself自言自语自言自语

16、 say to oneself伤害自己伤害自己 hurt oneself自学自学 teach/learn oneself沉迷于沉迷于/陶醉陶醉 lose oneself in单独地，独自地单独地，独自地 by oneself照顾自己照顾自己 look after oneself为自己为自己 for oneself()1.The man is rich,he can buy_a lot of things.A.he B.his C.himself D.herself()2.-What a lovely card!Where did you buy it?-I made it by _.A.me

17、B.myselfC.itself D.themself()3.“Help _ to some chicken,”my mother said to the guest.A.yourself B.yourselves D.themselves C.your()1.Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night.A.them B.they C.themselves D.herself ()2.Help _ to some fish,children.A.yourself B.your C.yours D.Yourselves()3.The film _

18、is very fun.A.its B.itself C.it D.its ()4.Who teaches _ math?I teach _.A.your,myself B.you,myself C.you,me D.you,herself ()5.The father will make _ a bike _.A.her,himself B.she,himself C.her,herself D.she,herself ()6.The scarf is _,she made it_.A.herself,her B.herself,hers C.hers,herself D.her,herse

19、lf ()7.Liu Hulans death was great.She thought more of others than _.A.her B.she C.hers D.herself ()8.Luckily,he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday.A.him B.themselves C.himself D.they ()9.I cant mend my shoe _.Can you mend it for _?A.myself,me B.myself,I C.me,I D.I,me 代代 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互

20、代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。近指近指远指远指单数 复数 1)this 和和these 一般用来指一般用来指 在时间或空间上较近的事物或人在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和和those 则则 指时间和空间上较远的事物或人指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time.this 这个这个that 那个那个th

21、ese 这些这些those 那些那些1.This/these 指下文要提到的事物指下文要提到的事物Please remember this：youre the best student in the eyes of teachers.What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English2.That/those 指上文提到过的事物指上文提到过的事物My mom wont give me any money,thats a big problem.I had a cold.Thats why I

22、 didnt come.Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4.电话用语，电话用语，this介绍自己，介绍自己，that 询问对方询问对方-Hello，this is Anna.Whos that？-Hi,this is Allen speaking.-Is that Jack speaking?6.口语中，口语中，this用语介绍他人用语介绍他人 -This is my English teacher，Alex.-Nice to meet you.3.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，

23、常可用有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或或those代替代替Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai7.当所指代的人物已确定，当所指代的人物已确定，再次提及时则用相应的人称代词再次提及时则用相应的人称代词-Are those your teachers?-Yes,they are./No,they arent.-Is this your pen?-No,it isnt.()1.The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jina

24、n.A.that B.this C.it()2.The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao.A.that B.these C.those()3.What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight.A.it B.this C.that one 表示泛指，表示泛指，that 和和 it 表示特指。表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个但不是同一个，而而it 与与所指名词为同一个所指名词为同一个。it 做形式宾语做形式宾语 I cant fi

25、nd my hat.I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat.I don t know where I put it.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。1.翻译下列词组翻译下列词组.这个男孩这个男孩_.那位老师那位老师_.这些猫这些猫_.那些狮子那些狮子_.这只山羊这只山羊_ .那支蓝钢笔那支蓝钢笔_.二二.将下列句子译成英语将下列句子译成英语.那些铅笔

26、是李明的那些铅笔是李明的_.这红衣服是你妹妹的吗？这红衣服是你妹妹的吗？_?.这是个好老师？这是个好老师？_?代代 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词疑问代词疑问代词词义词义例句例句who“谁”Who wants to go with me?whomwho 的宾格形式，“谁”To whom are you talking?whosewho 的所有格，“谁的”Whose book is this?whatwhat“什么”Whats your father?-He is a worker.whichW

27、hich“哪一个”，指在一定范围内特指的人或物Which one do you like best?1.Can you tell me_book it is?2._is your father?He is a teacher.3._is the man in the car?Hes my brother.4._do you like better,spring or winter?5._ is the population of the world today?6._ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?7.-_ colour is your

28、mothers dress?-Its black.8.-_ is your car?-The red one in front of the tree.9.-_ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle?-I know,sir.Its instruction.whoseWhatWhoWhichWhatWhoWhatWhichWhat代代 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词1.关系代词用来引导定语从句。关系代词用来引导定语从句。

29、它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中该句中whom既代表先行词既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。的宾语。)The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin.2.关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，可指人也可指物，限

30、定性限定性非限定性非限定性限定性限定性指人指物指人或指物主主 格格whowhichthat宾宾 格格whomthatthat属属 格格whoseof which/whoseof which/whose代代 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词没有明确没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫不定代词的词叫不定代词。不定代词分为不定代词分为_和和 _.普通不定代词普通不定代词复合不定代词复合不定代词相同点相同点均可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，表示均可修饰可数名词复数和不可

31、数名词，表示“一些一些”不同点不同点some一般用于肯定句中，也可用于疑问句，表示提出建议或邀请，或希望得到肯定回答提出建议或邀请，或希望得到肯定回答any一般用于否定句和疑问句，用于肯定句时表示“任何”1.some&anyWould you like _ coffee?some老师，我还是分不清楚 few 和 little 的区别。有没有什么办法让我记住它们呢？few 用一个手的手指能数过来，修饰可数；little 用一个手的手指数不过来，修饰不可数。可数few不可数little那 a few 和 few 如何区分呢？我总搞不清楚哪个“有一点”，哪个“几乎没有”那请你观察一下它们有什么最明显

32、的不同？a few 有“a”；few 没有“a”。所以，a few“有啊”；few“没有啊”。1.In this way they can make the trip with just _money.2.There were _ eggs in the fridge,you should buy some.3.Theres _ time left.Hurry up!不定代不定代词词含义含义数量数量关系关系作定语作定语时名词时名词的数的数作主语时动词的作主语时动词的数数固定用法固定用法both两者都=2复数复数both A and Bboth of either两者中的任何一个=2单数单数ei

33、ther.or.(就近原则)neither两者都不=2单数单数neither.nor.(就近原则)all三者或三者以上都3单数或复数单数或复数all+名词复数all of the.none三者或三者以上都不3单数或复数none of.each每一个2单数单数each+名词each of.every每一个3单数单数()1.Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop.A.know B.knows C.finds()2.Neither you nor I _ a scientist.A.is B.are C.am()3.Both Tom and Mar

34、y _ hard.A.studies B.study C.studyingeither or 或者或者或者或者;要么要么.要么要么就近原则neither nor 两者两者都不都不both and 两者两者都都复数谓语each (常与常与of连用连用)every(不直接与不直接与of连用连用)两者或以上两者或以上的每一个人或物的每一个人或物 三者或以上三者或以上每一个人或物每一个人或物each 和和“every+名词名词”作作主语主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式时，谓语动词要用单数形式every other 每隔每隔Eg:every other day 每隔一天每隔一天=every two days

35、Each boy havs a dictionary.每个孩子都有字典。Every boy havs a dictionary 所有孩子都有字典。()1.I gave them _ an apple.A.every B.each C.each of()2.There is a line of trees on _ side of the street.A.every B.each C.both()3.She goes shopping _ five days.A.every B.each C.each of()4.他隔天来这里。He came here _ day.every othernon

36、eno one没有什么人没有什么人/物物“没有人没有人”只能指人只能指人回答回答 how many 问句问句回答回答 who 问句问句none of+复数名词复数名词/them 谓语用单数谓语用单数()1.How many people are there in the room?_.A.None B.No one C.Lucy()2.Who is in the room?_.A.None B.No one C.one()3._ of them knew about the plan because it was secret.A.Some B.Any C.No one D.None不定代词不

37、定代词意义意义用法说明用法说明other 泛指别的;其他的后可+名词，也可不加the other 两者中的另一个后可以有名词，常与one连用，构成 one.the other.others 泛指别的人或物是 other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，相当于名词，后不可接 名词，构成 some.others.结构the others 特指其余所有的人或物是the others的复数形式,相当于名词。特指其余所有的人或物特指其余所有的人或物another 任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词;同种类的另一个another特殊用法：特殊用法：another+基数

38、词基数词+可数名词可数名词=基数词基数词+more+可数名词可数名词 I need another five apples.=I need five more apples.1.He has two brothers.One is a doctor，_is a teacher,2.I dont like this one.Show me _.3.-Which of the two T-shirts would you like to choose?-Both.Then I can give one to my brother and leave _ to myself.A.another B.

39、the other C.other 4.Tom and Mary have arrived,but _ in your class arent here yet.A.the others B.others C.the other 5.One of the sides of the road should be painted yellow,and_ white.A.the other Banother C.others 6.This pair of trousers is too short.Would you please show me _ one.A.other B.others C.a

40、nother ()4.I have two brothers._is a doctor,_ is a soldier.A.One,the other B.One,other C.The one,the other ()5.Some people hope to be more successful while _ simply want to feel more comfortable A.the othersB.othersC.the otherD.another()6.-Is this your sock?-Yes,it is.Where is_?A.another B.the other

41、 one C.others D.one()7.She promised her parents to write_-while she was away.A.other day B.other days C.every other day D.any other day()1.There isnt _ fish in the fridge，we need to buy _ for supper.Mom,wait for me.Ill go with you together A.some,some B.some,any C.any,some()2.As we know，Mango TV has

42、 made many TV plays by themselves._ of them is popular with youth.A.Each B.Every C.Everyone ()3.Although all the girls have tried their best,only _ pass the exam.A.few B.a few C.a little()4.Dont worry.There is _ time left.A.little B.a little C.few()5.You are so great!_ people in the school can do it

43、.A.A little B.Little C.Few()7.Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop.A.know B.knows C.finds()8.Neither you nor I _ a scientist.A.is B.are C.am()9.Both Tom and Mary _ hard.A.studies B.study C.studying()10.The students are all from Foshan.They _ like their city.A.both B.all C.either()11.Lucy an

44、d Lily _ agree with us.A.all B.both C.neither()12.How are your parents?They are _ fine.A.both B.all C.no()14.Tom and Mary have arrived,but _ in your class arent here yet.A.the othersB.others C.the other ()15.One of the sides of the road should be painted yellow,and_ white.A.the otherBanotherC.others

45、()16.This pair of trousers is too short.Would you please show me _ one.A.otherB.others C.another body 代人thing 代物one 代人everysomeanyno【敲黑板儿】:1.复合不定代词做主语主语的时候，谓语动词用_.2.当形容词形容词或else 修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定放在复合不定 代词之后代词之后,也就是_.3.复合不定代词不能和不能和 of 连用。1.everyone=everybody,anyone=anybody,只指人，不能与只指人，不能与of短语

46、连用；短语连用；every one,any one可指人也可指物，一定要与可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。连用才可以。Is anybody here?有人吗？You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。2.no one 和和 none 的用法的用法 no one 只能指人，只能指人，none 既可指人，也可指物既可指人，也可指物.There is _ in the room.注意：“none of+复数名词复数名词”，在句中作主语主语时，后面动词用单复数均可动词用单复数均可。None of us is a student.=None of us are

47、 students.3.no one、none、nothing 的用法的用法 提问用提问用 none回答回答 提问用提问用 nothing来回答来回答 提问用提问用 no one/nobody回答回答 1.-What is in the classroom?-_.2.-How many fish did you catch?-_.3.-Who is in the classroom?-_.()1.Do you have _ to do this evening?A.important something B.anything important C.something important()2

48、._ is watching TV.Lets turn it off.A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody()3.Would you like _?I can get it for you.A.something else B.anything else C.everything else()4.-Never giving up is an attitude to difficulty.-In our life，there may be _.Believe in yourself,you will succeed.A.something difficult B.diffc

49、ult something C.anything difficult()5.-Kid should learn to obey the traffic rules._ is more important than life A.Nothing B.Something C.Anything ()6.Playing tricks on others is_ we should never do.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing()7.-Is _ here?-No,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A.anyb

50、ody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody()8.One weeks time has been wasted.I cant believe we did all that work for _.A.something B.nothing C.everything D.anythingone/another/the otherone the other只有两个只有两个some the others 有三个以上有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers=other people/thingsthe others=t