2023年人教版初中英语阅读理解-词义猜测题ppt课件.pptx

1、词义猜测题（一）设问方式 What does the underlined word/phrase.mean?The underlined word.refers to/probably means.?The underlined word.could be replaced by.?标志词：the underlined.,mean,meaning,take place解题技巧1.根据逻辑关系猜测词义：同向逻辑反向逻辑解释关系2.根据各类常识猜测词义生活常识构词法代词用法解题技巧1.根据逻辑关系猜测词义：同向逻辑反向逻辑解释关系2.根据各类常识猜测词义生活常识构词法代词用法根据逻辑关系猜测词义

2、1.同向逻辑标志词：and标志词前后意义相近(2020广东中考，B)from 2012 to 2016,poaching(偷猎)and illegalillegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly.What does the word“illegalillegal”in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?A.公平的B.亏损的C.非法的D.合理的(2020河北中考，D)Think about all the other service workers we have in this community.We have peo

3、ple who collect waste and rubbish and keep our community sanitarysanitary.We have road workers who put up and repair traffic signs and fix holes in the streets to protect not just us,but our cars!What does the underlined word“sanitarysanitary”mean?A.Clean.B.Safe.C.Quiet.D.Busy.练习标志词：and，or，also，so，t

4、hen 等标志词前后意义相近1.同向逻辑练习(2019福建中考，D)Have you ever heard the phrase“You never get a second chance to make a first impression(印象)?”It may sound like an unusual piece of advice,but it is truethe first impression someone has of you when meeting you for the first time will probably influence how that perso

5、n treats you or reactsreacts to you in the future.What does the underlined word“reactsreacts”in Paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese?A.回应B.道歉C.报告D.建议(2020天津中考，C)When you grow your own fruits and vegetables,you help cutcut downdown onon pollution because big trucks dont need to take your food to shop

6、s.You also reduce the amount of rubbish because you dont need to use bags for packing your food.What does the phrase“cutcut downdown onon”mean in Paragraph 5?A.Cause.B.Accept.C.Reduce.D.Expect.(2019安徽中考，D)While 75%of our planet is covered with water,only about 2%is fresh waterthat comes from rivers,

7、lakes,ice and snow.The rest,98%of the water,is in seas and oceans.It is too salty to drink.Then desalinationdesalination businesses come in.More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world,mostly in coastal countries.What does the underlined word“desalinationdesalination”in Paragraph 3 me

8、an?A.远洋运输B.潮汐发电C.食盐销售D.海水淡化2.反向逻辑标志词：but标志词前后意义相反(2021天门一模)InitiallyInitially,he was only doing six miles a week,but the marathon organizers gave him a suggestion,“Run three days a week and increase the number of miles each week.”he gradually noticed how it got easier every time,and his time got fas

9、ter.The underlined word“InitiallyInitially”is closest in meaning to _.A.At the beginning B.As he expected C.To his surprise D.In his opinion练习(2018泉州质检，D)Imagine you walk into a store.Strangely enough,you see no salesperson inside.You pick up things and prepare to wait in line and pay.But even more

10、oddlyoddly,there is no cashier(收银员)at all.So what has happened to this store?The underlined word“oddlyoddly”probably means“_”.A.strangelyB.happilyC.importantlyD.interestingly3.解释关系标志词：First second，for example，such as，in this way，that is，冒号，定语，代词等标志词后面的内容解释前面的内容(2017哈尔滨中考)Besides egg whites,drugs mad

11、e of proteins come in milk of cows and sheep.Compared with cows and sheep,the special chickens have ascendancyascendancy over them.First,they are cheaper to raise.Second,they need less room and grow faster.The underlined word“ascendancyascendancy”in the passage means“_”in Chinese.A.情况B.优势C.劣势3.解释关系标

12、志词：First second，for example，such as，in this way，that is，冒号，定语（to do,doing,done,从句,of）等标志词后面的内容解释前面的内容(2017福建中考，C)He decided to dig a tunnel(隧道)into the kings palace.He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure the length(长度)of its string(线).In this way,he could determinedetermine how long

13、 the tunnel should be.What does the underlined word“determinedetermine”in Paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese?A.测定B.选择C.了解D.考察(2020厦门质检，A)Einstein was once traveling from Princeton on a train when the conductor conductor came down the aisle(过道),checking the tickets of every passenger.When he came t

14、o Einstein,Einstein reached in his suit pocket.What dos the underlined word“conductorconductor”mean in Chinese?A.司机B.乘务员C.乘客D.推销员(2019厦门质检，D)Jin is very good at using the language.His stories are always full of rich history;kung fu is described in detail(细节).Boston University professor Petrus Liu sa

15、id,“He turns novels into an encyclopediaencyclopedia of Chinese history,medicine,geography,philosophy(哲学).Nobody ever does that.”What does the underlined word“encyclopediaencyclopedia”mean in Chinese?A.百科全书B.中国历史C.医学丛书D.地理图册随堂自测(2018宁德质检，B)Besides his work in science,he also managed to overcome many

16、 difficulties in his personal life.At the age of 21,he was diagnosed(诊断)with a disease.His illness left him paralyzedparalyzed and he was not able to walk anymore.He was even told he only had a short time to live.The underlined word“paralyzedparalyzed”probably means“_”.A.消沉的B.沮丧的C.瘫痪的D.痛苦的(2020福建中考，

17、C)Frank didnt understand why Jack would rather do artistic things than play ball.He believed sports often allowed many kids to play together.That was when Jacks idea hatchedhatched.He would show Frank what doing things together looked like!What does the underlined word“hatchedhatched”in Paragraph 2

18、probably mean in Chinese?A.产生B.改变C.消失D.中断(2018福建中考，C)Then there are the middle children;we have not ignored(忽视)them!Many middle children are short of one-on-one time with their parents.They often feel short-changedshort-changed:the oldest gets more rights,and the youngest is“spoiled(宠坏的)”.Though the

19、y may be ignored,middle children are more likely to grow into easygoing adults.What does the underlined word“short-changedshort-changed”in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese?A.受亏待的B.受控制的C.受宠爱的D.受欢迎的(2019潍坊中考，B)But Adams believed that people in hospital need more than medicine.He saw unhappy and lo

20、nely people,and he tried to help them as patients,but as people too.He spent a lot time with children in the hospital,and often put a special red nose on his face to look like a clownclown and to make the children laugh.What does the underlined word“clownclown”in paragraph 3 probably mean?A.木偶B.小丑C.

21、外星人D.蜘蛛侠加一个反向逻辑题总结根据逻辑关系猜测词义同向逻辑反向逻辑解释关系and，or，also，so，then 等First second，for example，such as，in this way，that is，冒号，定语（to do,doing,done,从句,of）等but，however，though等词义猜测题（二）根据各类常识猜测词义解题技巧1.根据逻辑关系猜测词义：同向逻辑反向逻辑解释关系2.根据各类常识猜测词义生活常识构词法代词用法(2020厦门质检，A)Einstein was once traveling from Princeton on a train w

22、hen the conductor conductor came down the aisle(过道),checking the tickets of every passenger.When he came to Einstein,Einstein reached in his suit pocket.What dos the underlined word“conductorconductor”mean in Chinese?A.司机B.乘务员C.乘客D.推销员生活常识练习(2020黄石中考)China is preparing to put a man-made moon in the

23、sky above Chengdu by 2020.It will reflectreflect sunlight back onto the earth.If it succeeds,three more such objects will be sent out in 2022,according to Wu Chunfeng,a space scientist.Wu said it would be similar to how we get moonlight,but he predicted that the man-made moon would have eight times

24、the brightness of the real one.The underlined word“reflectreflect”in paragraph 2 means“_”.A.吸收 B.反射 C.照耀 D.覆盖 (教辅题目改编)The penguinpenguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.What dos the

25、 underlined word“penguinpenguin”mean in Chinese?A.海鸥B.企鹅C.海燕(2020宜昌中考)Read different resources(资源).Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings?Start by exploring how experts do.Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engageengage readers.Also,it will help you to know

26、 about the latest news in the traveling.The Chinese meaning of the word“engageengage”is _.A.聘请 B.吸引 C.告诫 D.利用代词知识代词代指前面出现的内容(2019莆田质检，D)Now 5G,fifth-generation mobile communication technology,is coming.Compared with 2G,3G and 4G,5G is not independent and brand-newbrand-new.It is further development

27、of present mobile communication technology.What does the underlined word“brand-newbrand-new”in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese?A.全新的B.清新的C.新潮的D.新款的练习(2018福州质检，D)In one way,it is the“greatest”drone ever.In another,though,it is the opposite of what a dronedrone should be.Drones should be very laz

28、y.They dont have to work.Only their sisters should be busy pollinating(给传授花粉)and producing honey.However,for this drone,pollinating is the very person for its existence(存在).In the first paragraph,the underlined word“dronedrone”refers to a kind of _.A.flowerB.beeC.honeyD.robot(2020厦门双十中学阶段考试，D)More t

29、han just working to live,I enjoy making a difference and trying my best for the whole progress.I would also like to be well remuneratedremunerated for my hard work,so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money.Then I can provide the best for my family.The underlined word“remuneratedremun

30、erated”in the passage means“_”.A.trainedB.praisedC.acceptedD.paid构词法(2020黄冈中考)After a period of tests in space,this new satellite has started to work with other Beidou satellites together.It is designed to work for at least 12 years.So far,China has completed the third-generation network of Chinas B

31、DS.It was a new milestonemilestone in the nations space research work.The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system.Its one of four global(全球的)navigation networks,including the United Statess GPS,Russias GLONASS and the European Unions Galileo.57.What does the underline

32、word“milestonemilestone”mean in Chinese?A.记录 B.事业 C.里程碑 D.起点解析：mile里程，stone石头。The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system.可知第三代导航系统最后一颗卫星的发射标志着我国已经完成了最大的空基系统。练习(2018云南初中学业水平考试)The idea is that on Spring Equinox,Earths axis(轴)is perpendicular(垂直的)to the sun.So Earth is supposed to be more balanced on this day.Its usually very difficult to balance an egg because the yolk(蛋黄)is off-centeroff-center.The underlined word off-centeroff-center means _ in Chinese.A.在正中心的B.偏离中心的C.不规则的D.不稳的总结根据各类常识猜测词义生活常识代词知识构词法