九年级中考英语语法专题动词用法分类ppt课件.pptx

1、实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。是不及物动词。The door The door openedopened.He He openedopened the door.the door.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如：有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如：The meeting The meeting beganbegan at six.at six.vi.We We beganbegan the meeting at si

2、x.the meeting at six.vt.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如：有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如：The manThe man walked walked away.(walk away.(walk不及物，意为不及物，意为“走走”)”)He He walkedwalked the dog every day.(walk the dog every day.(walk及物动词，及物动词，“遛遛”)”)She She washeswashes clothes at home.(wash clothes at home.(wash及物动词

3、，及物动词，“洗洗”)”)The cloth The cloth washeswashes well.(wash well.(wash不及物动词，不及物动词，“耐洗耐洗”)”)英语中一些词及物与不及物的划分可能与汉语不同。英语中一些词及物与不及物的划分可能与汉语不同。HeHe listens listens to the music every day.to the music every day.(listen(listen为不及物动词，而汉语中为不及物动词，而汉语中“听听”是及物动词。是及物动词。)Most birds can Most birds can flyfly.（）The chi

4、ldren are The children are flyingflying kites in the park.()kites in the park.()It It happened happened yesterday.yesterday.（）My watchMy watch stopped stopped.（）The baby The baby stoppedstopped crying when he saw his mother.()crying when he saw his mother.()She She spokespoke at the meeting this mor

5、ning.at the meeting this morning.（）Shall I Shall I begin begin at once?at once?（）She She beganbegan working as a teacher after she working as a teacher after she leftleft school.school.（）（）（）When did they When did they leaveleave Beijing?Beijing?（）TheyThey left left last week.last week.（）1.1.实义动词实义动

6、词实义动词实义动词也叫行为动词也叫行为动词，指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。词。He He liveslives quite near.quite near.I I like like reading.reading.I I boughtbought a pen yesterday.a pen yesterday.帮助构成时态的：帮助构成时态的：The boy The boy is is crying.crying.He He hashas arrived.arrived.I I have beenhave been painting all d

7、ay.painting all day.2.助动词助动词助动词助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的不能单独作谓语和帮助强调的不能单独作谓语.帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：Does Does he like English?he like English?He He doesdoesnt have lunch at home.nt have lunch at home.帮助构成被动语态的帮助构成被动语态的Trees Trees areare planted in s

8、pring.planted in spring.The house The house has beenhas been pulled down.pulled down.帮助构成虚拟语气帮助构成虚拟语气If he If he hadhad come yesterday,I wouldnt come yesterday,I wouldnt havehave made such a mistake.made such a mistake.帮助构成倒装句帮助构成倒装句So much So much diddid he love English that he spent all his spare

9、time he love English that he spent all his spare time in improving it.in improving it.帮助构成强调意义帮助构成强调意义He He diddid come e yesterday.1.1.可以看出，常见的助动词为可以看出，常见的助动词为do,be,havedo,be,have，它们为基本助动词。，它们为基本助动词。2.2.一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。它们在句中的功能。按照要求改写句子 1.Sam watch

10、es TV every evening.(改为否定句)_ 2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句)_ 3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句)_ 4.Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句)_ 5.We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_ 6.He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_ 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词：指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词：Does Does()he()he likelike()swimming?()

11、swimming?He He does does()()likelike()swimming.()swimming.Where Where doesdoes ()he()he livelive()?()?He He doesdoes ()()somesome washing after work.washing after work.He He hashas ()()hadhad ()supper already.()supper already.The bridge The bridge hashas ()()beenbeen ()()builtbuilt ()now.()now.I I h

12、avehave()()beenbeen()()waitingwaiting ()for you all day.()for you all day.He He waswas()()struckstruck ()by a stone.()by a stone.3.3.情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。于，基本助动词本身无意义

13、，而情态动词有自己的意义。He He cancan swim across the river.swim across the river.You You mustmust stay at home.stay at home.I I mightmight leave tomorrow.leave tomorrow.在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式非谓语形式，即：，即：在前面加在前面加toto构成动词不定式，构成动词不定式，在后面加在后面加-ing-ing构成动名词或现在分词，构成动名词或现在分词，

14、在后面加在后面加-ed-ed构成过去分词。构成过去分词。也就是说，非谓语是指：也就是说，非谓语是指：动词不定式动词不定式(to do)，动名词，动名词(doing)，现在分词，现在分词(doing)和过去分词和过去分词(done)。1.Get up early is good for our health.1.Get up early is good for our health.2.I want go home now.2.I want go home now.3.My favorite sport is play football.3.My favorite sport is play f

15、ootball.4.There is a bird sings in the tree.4.There is a bird sings in the tree.5.The boy sits over there likes singing.5.The boy sits over there likes singing.6.The house was built last year has been sold out.6.The house was built last year has been sold out.7.The girls are singing over there are m

16、y classmates.7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.8.My parents wanted him work hard.8.My parents wanted him work hard.9.I remember saw him that day.9.I remember saw him that day.10.I saw him walked into the building.10.I saw him walked into the building.时间时间:谓语动词和非谓语动词时间关系谓语动词和非谓语动词时

17、间关系语态语态:非谓语动词与逻辑主语的逻辑关系非谓语动词与逻辑主语的逻辑关系非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb.to do sth.或of sb.to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sbs not doingsbs not having don

18、e完成式having donehaving been done现在分词只有被动形式done在前加not时态语态主语人称和数语气likes liked read to read reading finished does didmake made to make making broken breaking to break brokeThe problem The problem (discuss)at the meeting yesterday was(discuss)at the meeting yesterday was quite urgent.quite urgent.The men

19、 The men (discuss)a problem over there are (discuss)a problem over there are government officials.government officials.The problem_(discuss)at tomorrows meeting is urgent.The problem_(discuss)at tomorrows meeting is urgent.在判断是否是宾语补足语时，一般说，在判断是否是宾语补足语时，一般说，“宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系上的主谓关系”。如：如：

20、HeHe asked asked me me to lend him some money.to lend him some money.他让我借给他一些钱。他让我借给他一些钱。“me”“me”是宾语，是宾语，“me to lend him some money”“me to lend him some money”意为意为“我借给他一些我借给他一些钱钱”，从意思上看，像一句话，从意思上看，像一句话，“我我”是主语，是主语，“借给他一些钱借给他一些钱”是谓语部分，但在英语原句中，它们却不是真正的主谓关系。因此可是谓语部分，但在英语原句中，它们却不是真正的主谓关系。因此可以说：以说：“逻辑上的主

21、谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系”，是指，从意思上看像主谓关系，而实，是指，从意思上看像主谓关系，而实际上不是。际上不是。“to lend him some money”“to lend him some money”是宾语补足语。是宾语补足语。判断下列句中划线部分是否是宾语补足语。判断下列句中划线部分是否是宾语补足语。I want him I want him to come at onceto come at once.().()He lent me He lent me some moneysome money.().()He made the boy He made the boy crycry

22、 again.()again.()The teacher found him The teacher found him cheating in the examcheating in the exam.().()Dont leave the door Dont leave the door openopen at night.()at night.()在我们学习语法的过程中，我们可能会听说在我们学习语法的过程中，我们可能会听说“复合宾语复合宾语”，“动名词动名词的复合结构的复合结构”和和“动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构”。实际上，这几个实际上，这几个“复合复合”，都有，都有“逻辑上

23、的主谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系”之意。如：之意。如：1.He invited us to come to the party.1.He invited us to come to the party.2.Its important for us to learn English well.2.Its important for us to learn English well.3.Its very kind of you to help me.3.Its very kind of you to help me.4.Toms coming late made our teacher angry.4.

24、Toms coming late made our teacher angry.先看下列三组句中先看下列三组句中have,dohave,do和和bebe的变化形式的变化形式1.I 1.I havehave a book a bookHe He hashas a book.a book.They They have have a booka book2.I2.I enjoy enjoy watching TV.watching TV.You You enjoyenjoy watching TV.watching TV.We We enjoy enjoy watching TV.watching

25、TV.3.He3.He is is sleeping.sleeping.I I am am sleeping.sleeping.TheyThey are are sleeping.sleeping.“人称的变化人称的变化”，是指：谓语动词用什么形式，受前面主语是第几人称，是指：谓语动词用什么形式，受前面主语是第几人称的影响。的影响。“数数”是指是指“单数和复数单数和复数”，“数的变化数的变化”是指谓语动词用什么形是指谓语动词用什么形式，还受前面主语是单数还是复数的影响。式，还受前面主语是单数还是复数的影响。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如：情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如：He/I/We can swim.He/I/We can swim.非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。She/They/You beingbeing away,I felt lonely.