2021年福建中考阅读理解击破ppt课件.pptx

1、福建中考阅读理解福建中考阅读理解*老师汇报人：壹课日期：XX年XX月XX日Junior High English CourseJunior High English Course 阅读之殇阅读之殇单词好多都看不懂文章读起来像天书3 本课学习安排中考考情分析四大题型击破阅读篇章强化本节课堂总结PART ONEPART ONE考情分析中考题目设置中考题目设置题题 型型分分 值值比比 例例听力3020%选择填空1510%完型填空1510%阅读阅读4 4选选1 1404026.7%26.7%阅读5选553.3%情景交际106.7%看图写话106.7%短文填词106.7%书面表达1510%考情分析考情分

2、析1 篇章词数明显递增2 体裁以记叙文/说明文为主3 题材为热点社会生活文化等PART TWOPART TWO题型击破阅读理解四大金刚阅读理解四大金刚总总 数数细节理解题细节理解题词义猜测题词义猜测题推理判断题推理判断题主旨大意题主旨大意题202020828 82201920926 632018201324 41题目设置难度递增 重理解轻技巧细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题 细节理解题细节理解题常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,用6w1h(when,where,why,who,which,what,how)等进行提问,在阅读理解中所占比例较高，目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节

3、的理解能力。细节理解题的颜值细节理解题的颜值细节理解题的技巧细节理解题的技巧KFCKFCF F:关键词找到原文C C:比较选项，锁定正解K K:读题标关键词典型例题典型例题推理判断题推理判断题推理判断题 推理判断题推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解,该类题型难度较大，往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。推理判断题的种类推理判断题的种类细 节 推 理 题细 节 推 理 题要求学生根据文章，段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义，如推断文章或段落的中心思想，句子的言外之意等态度推断题态度推断题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出

4、符合逻辑的，属于作者的真实态度出处推理题出处推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出文章最有可能的出处推理判断题的颜值推理判断题的颜值1、细节推理（1）We can know/infer from the passage that _.（2）The passage/author implies/suggests that _.（4）It can be concluded from the passage that _.（5）The underlined sentence indicates that _.2、态度推理（1）The author seems to be in favor of/

5、against _.（2）The author may probably agree with/support _.（3）According to the author,.?（4）Whats the authors attitude to.?3、出处推理（1）The text is most likely to be taken from _.（2）Where does the text probably come from?（3）Where can we most probably read this text?（细节推理题）（细节推理题）（态度推理题）（态度推理题）Whats the wr

6、iters attitude(态度态度)towards robots teaching English?AUncaring.BSupportive.CDoubtful.DAgreeable（出处推理题）（出处推理题）55.In which section of a newspaper would you probably read the text?（文章见下一页）A.Sports News.B.Job Wanted.C.Do It Yourself.D.Lost and Found.词义猜测题词义猜测题词义猜测题 词义猜测题词义猜测题旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上

7、下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。词义猜测题的颜值词义猜测题的颜值词义猜测题的技巧词义猜测题的技巧通过定义关系猜测通过定义关系猜测通过构词法猜测通过构词法猜测通过生活常识猜测通过生活常识猜测通过同义词猜测通过同义词猜测根据上下文语境猜测根据上下文语境猜测通过反义词猜测通过反义词猜测（例01 2020 福建中考A）Frank didnt understand why Jack would rather do artistic things than play ball.He believed sports often allowed many kids to pl

8、ay together.That was when Jacks idea hatched.He would show Frank what doing things together looked like!56.What does the underlined word“hatched”probably mean in Chinese?A.产生 B.改变 C.消失 D.中断根据上下文语境猜测根据上下文语境猜测（例02 2020 福建厦门初三质检B）When World War I broke out in 1914,Berlin was already well into its prepa

9、rations to host the 1916 Olympics.It,too,built a new stadium.However,with most of Europe at war,finally,the 1916 Games were canceled.But the Olympics restarted in Belgium in 1920.Doves were first sent at the opening ceremony as a symbol of peace.For the next 20 years,the Games carried on as usual an

10、d even the first Winter Olympics were started in France in 1924.56.What does“Berlin was already well into its preparations”mean?A.Berlin was chosenB.Berlin was luckyC.Berlin was refusedD.Berlin was ready根据同义词猜测根据同义词猜测（例03 2020 中考改编B）For many years,schools have taught the story of Franklins experimen

11、t.Millions of school children have been amazed by his courage and his scientific spirit of looking for the truth.However,new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.What does the underlined word“fiction”mean?A.虚构的事 B.不同的事 C.安全的事 D.需要的事根据反义词猜测根据反义词猜测（例04 2018 福建中考A）Then there

12、are the middle children:we have not ignored(忽视)them!Many middle children are short of one-on-one time with their parents.They often feel short-changed:the oldest gets more rights,and the youngest is spoiled(宠坏的).Though they may be ignored,middle children are more likely to grow into easygoing adults

13、.58.What does the underlined word“short-changed”in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese?A.受亏待的 B.受控制的 C.受宠爱的 D.受欢迎的根据定义关系猜测根据定义关系猜测（例05 2020 中考改编）The team go along the river to collect waste every week.Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station,while some that can be reused is so

14、ld.What does the underlined word“disposal”mean?A.处理 B.传播 C.救护 D.保养根据生活常识猜测根据生活常识猜测（例06 2020 中考改编）However,after about a year,that terrible experience became a funny memory.I realized that I didnt need to care about losing that dream,because I made a new and more realistic one.What does the underlined

15、 word“realistic”mean?A.有意义的 B.现实的 C.创新的根据构词法猜测根据构词法猜测主旨大意题主旨大意题主旨大意题 主旨大意题主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。主旨大意题的颜值主旨大意题的颜值What is the purpose of the passage?The passage is mainly writt

16、en for _.What is the passage mainly about?What is the main idea of this passage?The best title of this passage is _.What is the best title for the passage?主旨大意题的技巧主旨大意题的技巧FLCFLC中西方思维差异中西方思维差异 Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplayw

17、ithtoyrobots.Butwhatexactlyisarobot?Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thata robotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeit canbeconsideredasarobot.Arobothastheseimportantcharacteristics.SensingF

18、irstofall,yourrobotwouldhavetobeabletosensetheenvironmentaroundit.Giveyourrobotsensors(传感器):lightsensors(eyes),touchsensors(hands),chemicalsensors(nose),hearingsensors(ears)andtastesensors(tongue)MovementArobotneedstobeabletomovearounditsenvironment.Itcanmoveonwheels,walkonlegsorbedrivenbysmallengin

19、es(发动机).Arobotcanmoveeitherthewholebodyorjustpartsofit.EnergyArobotneedstobeabletopoweritself.Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight,somemightwithelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(电池).Thewayyourrobotgetsitsenergywilldependonwhatyourrobotneedstodo.IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof“smarts”.Aprogra

20、mmeristhepersonwhogives therobotits“smarts”.Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.2019年广东中考B篇 Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.Butwhatexactlyisarobot?Therearesomeimportantc

21、haracteristics(特征)thata robotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeit canbeconsideredasarobot.Arobothastheseimportantcharacteristics.SensingFirstofall,yourrobotwouldhavetobeabletosensetheenvironmenta

22、roundit.Giveyourrobotsensors(传感器):lightsensors(eyes),touchsensors(hands),chemicalsensors(nose),hearingsensors(ears)andtastesensors(tongue)MovementArobotneedstobeabletomovearounditsenvironment.Itcanmoveonwheels,walkonlegsorbedrivenbysmallengines(发动机).Arobotcanmoveeitherthewholebodyorjustpartsofit.Ene

23、rgyArobotneedstobeabletopoweritself.Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight,somemightwithelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(电池).Thewayyourrobotgetsitsenergywilldependonwhatyourrobotneedstodo.IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof“smarts”.Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogives therobotits“smarts”.Therobotwillha

24、vetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.2019年广东中考B篇 65.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To help people understand what a robot is.B.To tell what a robot can do in our life.C.To describe the movement of a robot.D.To introduce the history of robots.Inourdailylife,robot

25、sareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.But what exactly is a robot?Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thata robotmusthave.Sensing (传感器)Movement (发动机)Energy (电池)Intelligence2019年广东中考B篇RobotRobot是什么，是什么，有什么特征有什么特征PART THREEPART THREE篇章强化应用文（2019 中考真题B篇）51.The main purpo

26、se of the text is to _.A.give instructions on making a rocketB.introduce the Acme Rocket LauncherC.show different kinds of rocketsD.encourage rocket drawing55.In which section of a newspaper would you probably read the text?A.Sports News.B.Job Wanted.C.Do It Yourself.D.Lost and Found.If you have you

27、r own Acme Rocket Launcher,you can create and send up rockets that show off your personality and creativity.All you need is your Acme Rocket Launcher and a few simple household materials:a 500 ml plastic cola bottle scissors colored markers poster board glueWhat to do:Step 1 Clean the cola bottle co

28、mpletely and allow it to dry.Step 2 Use markers to draw three small triangles(三角形)and one large triangle on the poster board.Cut out the triangles.Step 3 Roll(卷起)the large triangle so that two of its sides touch and it forms a rockets nose cone.Glue the sides of the cone so that it holds its shape.S

29、tep 4 Glue the nose cone to the bottom of the bottle to make the top of the rocket.Step 5 Glue the smaller triangles to the other end of the cola bottle,around its opening.The triangles will be the tail fins.Follow the launching instructions included with your Acme Rocket Launcher and have a blast!A

30、ll you need is your Acme Rocket Launcher and a few simple household materials:a 500 ml plastic cola bottle scissors colored markers poster board glueWhat to do:Step 1 Clean the cola bottle completely and allow it to dry.Step 2 Use markers to draw three small triangles(三角形)and one large triangle on t

31、he poster board.Cut out the triangles.Step 3 Roll(卷起)the large triangle so that two of its sides touch and it forms a rockets nose cone.Glue the sides of the cone so that it holds its shape.Step 4 Glue the nose cone to the bottom of the bottle to make the top of the rocket.Step 5 Glue the smaller tr

32、iangles to the other end of the cola bottle,around its opening.The triangles will be the tail fins.52.Which of the following is TRUE about the bottle?A.It can be of any size.B.It must be made of glass.C.It should be clean and dry.D.It needs to be filled with cola.53.The rockets nose cone is rolled f

33、rom _.A.the cola bottleB.the poster boardC.a small triangleD.the large triangle54.What can you get from Step 4?A.B.C.D.（2019 中考真题B篇）记叙文 When Claire Vlases of Montana was in Grade 7,she learned about plans to modernize her middle school.Claire asked the school board（董事会）to add solar panels to the pro

34、ject because,she explained,clean energy would be helpful to a really modern school.The board liked the idea but said it could offer just$25,000-one-fifth of the cost.So Claire organized a group of kids and grown-ups who set to work raising the rest.They sold their secondhand books,put on talent show

35、s and asked for donations(捐赠),even going door-to-door for them.One donated more than half the cost!（2020 中考真题B篇）51.After knowing the project was still in need of money，Claire A raised$25，000 B asked for more helpC sold old newspapers D donated half the cost52.What does the underlined word“them”in Pa

36、ragraph2 refer to（指代）？（指代）？A Solar panels B Secondhand booksC Shows D Donations After two years of hard work,the group paid for the solar panels,which now provide one-fourth of the schools electricity needs-saving the neighborhood thousands of dollars“My favorite part about this project was that one

37、 person could start something small and then the project could grow and have a big influence on the community，”Claire said“There are always going to be hard parts When theres a challenge（挑战）presented to you，you can learn from it and use it as chance to overcome it”（2020 中考真题B篇）53.Which picture shows

38、 the change of the electricity cost after the use of solar panels?54.From Claires words in the last paragraph,we learn that A hard work was her favorite B the project went smoothly C a small thing makes a big difference D solar panels cost a lot When Claire Vlases of Montana was in Grade 7,she learn

39、ed about plans to modernize her middle school.Claire asked the school board（董事会）to add solar panels to the project because,she explained,clean energy would be helpful to a really modern school.The board liked the idea but said it could offer just$25,000-one-fifth of the cost.So Claire organized a gr

40、oup of kids and grown-ups who set to work raising the rest.They sold their secondhand books,put on talent shows and asked for donations(捐赠),even going door-to-door for them.One donated more than half the cost!After two years of hard work,the group paid for the solar panels,which now provide one-four

41、th of the schools electricity needs-saving the neighborhood thousands of dollars“My favorite part about this project was that one person could start something small and then the project could grow and have a big influence on the community，”Claire said“There are always going to be hard parts When the

42、res a challenge（挑战）presented to you，you can learn from it and use it as chance to overcome it”（2020 中考真题B篇）55.What would be the best title for the text?A A Dependent Girl B A Modern School C Dont Waste Energy D Never Give Up说明文（2020 中考真题D篇）From tiny seeds(种子),great discoveries grow.A mini-garden car

43、ried on Chinas Change 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world This is yet another success for Change 4.On January 2,the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away

44、from us,so we never see it from down here on the earth.Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon,the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side Part of Change 4s mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans,including exploring（探索）whether humans could

45、grow food and other plant products there.Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon;sunlight will not return until the start of February.As a result,the cotton shoots died.Besides the darkness,the plants cant stand the cold（it can drop to 170C on the moon at night)However，the experiment is a s

46、uccess,since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space61.The text is mainly about A another success for Change 4 B Change 4 moon landerC tiny seeds in the soil D the steps of an experiment62.Which of the following is TRUE about Change 4？A It carried a minigarden B It landed on th

47、e near side of the moonC It explored the moon base D It found plants on the moon（2020 中考真题D篇）From tiny seeds(种子),great discoveries grow.A mini-garden carried on Chinas Change 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world This is yet another success for Change 4.On Ja

48、nuary 2,the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us,so we never see it from down here on the earth.Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon,the far side actually gets as muc

49、h sunshine as the near side Part of Change 4s mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans,including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there.Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon;sunlight will not return until the start of February.As a

50、 result,the cotton shoots died.Besides the darkness,the plants cant stand the cold（it can drop to 170C on the moon at night)However，the experiment is a success,since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space（2020 中考真题D篇）This is yet another success for Change 4.On January 2,the pr