2021年牛津译林版中考英语语法ppt课件— 定语从句.pptx

1、定语从句总复习定语从句总复习概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,whyMary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句

2、子合并为一个句子 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：1._（连接定语从句和主句）2._（替代前面的先行词）3._（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。连接连接替代替代做成分做成分Summary1)在复合句中，修饰某一在复合句中，修饰某一 、的从句叫着定语从句。的从句叫着定语从句。被从句修饰的词叫被从句修饰的词叫 。定语从句通常出现。定语从句通常出现在在 之后，由关之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。2)关系词的作用关系词的作用:连接先行词和定语从句连接先行词和定语从句,代替代替 在定语从句中充当一个成分。在定语从句中充当一个成分。3)当关系代词在定语当关系代词

3、在定语从句从句中作主语，定语从句中的的中作主语，定语从句中的的谓语动词必须谓语动词必须在在 和和 上与先行词保持一致上与先行词保持一致。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?They are men who/that want to see you.代词名词先行词先行词先行词人称数指代人指代人指代物指代物指代人指代人或物或物主语主语whowhichthat宾语宾语whom/whowhichthat定语定语whose(=the+名词名词+of whom)whose (=the+名词名词+of which)在从句在从句中的作用中的作用指代指代功能功能引导引

4、导定语从句中关系代词所指代的定语从句中关系代词所指代的成分成分whowhomwhichthatwhose关系关系代词在定语从句中所充当的代词在定语从句中所充当的成分成分It was written by Laoshe.Jane has borrowed the book.Jane has borrowed the book把把两个句子合成一个定语从句，并说明关系词两个句子合成一个定语从句，并说明关系词在句子的成分在句子的成分which/that 指物指物,在句中作主语或在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语宾语，作宾语时，可以省略。时，可以省略。that/which was written by Laos

5、he.Do you know the doctor?He spoke just now.Do you know the doctor?The girl is from America.I called her just now.The girl is from America.who/that 指人，在从句中做指人，在从句中做主语主语。who/that spoke just nowwho/whom/that 指人，在从句中指人，在从句中做宾语做宾语,可省略可省略。(whom/who/that)I called just nowThat is the new machine.The parts

6、of it are too small to see.whose 指人指人的的或物或物的的，在从句中作定语。，在从句中作定语。whose parts 小结：关系代词小结：关系代词who、whom、that、which、whose that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用（常用whom）whose 指人或物，作定语，后接名词。指人

7、或物，作定语，后接名词。使用定语从句容易犯的错误使用定语从句容易犯的错误1、重复错误、重复错误 关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语后，定语从句中不关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语后，定语从句中不可以可以再再出现出现作主语或宾语的代词或名词。作主语或宾语的代词或名词。1)I like the bike that/which my father bought it last week.2)I like the bike that/which my father bought last week.3)I like the bike my father bought it last week.4)The

8、 man who he asked to see you has come.5)The man asked to see you has come.6)The man who/that asked to see you has come.2、定语从句中的谓语形式错误、定语从句中的谓语形式错误当关系代词在定语从句中作主语，当关系代词在定语从句中作主语，定语定语从句中的谓语形式与从句中的谓语形式与先行词一致先行词一致 1)The man who are speaking at the meeting is our headmaster.2)The man who is speaking at th

9、e meeting is our headmaster.3)The students who is planting trees over there are from our school.4)The students who are planting trees over there are from our school.when(=at/in/on/+which)where(=in/at/+which)why(=for+which)表示时间表示时间的名词的名词表示地点表示地点的的名词名词reason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语This is the factory.

10、I worked in the factory ten years ago.1.关系副词关系副词 whereThis is the factory where I worked ten years ago.The school is near a park.His son studies in this school.The school where his son studies is near a park.This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.The school where my son studies is near a p

11、ark.where 引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的地点的名词名词,并在定并在定语从句中作语从句中作 _,相当于相当于“介词介词+_”。in whichin which地点状语地点状语whichTheyll never forget July 1.Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1.2.关系副词关系副词whenTheyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days are gone forever.We lived to

12、gether happily during those days.The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.on whichduring whichwhen 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词的名词,在定语在定语从句中作从句中作 _,相当于相当于“介词

13、介词+_”。时间状语时间状语whichThere are many reasons.People like traveling for many reasons.3.关系副词关系副词whywhy 引导的定语从句修饰先行词引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reason,在从句中在从句中作原因状语作原因状语,相当于相当于“for+which”。There are many reasons why people like traveling.for which1.Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the day

14、s _ we spent together.3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhich及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.why/for whichthat/which及物动词及物动词归纳：归纳：1、表示、表示地点地点、时间时间、原因原因的名词在定语

15、从句中作的名词在定语从句中作地点状语地点状语、时间状语时间状语或或原因状语原因状语时，用关系副词时，用关系副词where、when、why。2、表示表示地点地点、时间时间、原因原因的名词在定语从句中的名词在定语从句中作作主语主语或或宾宾语语时时，用关系，用关系副词副词which或或that。Summary 先行词充当先行词充当 _、_ 或或 _，则用则用关系代词关系代词先行词充当先行词充当_，则用，则用关系副词关系副词 that,who,whom,which,as,whose where,when,why 主语主语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语1.Is there anything else _ y

16、ou require?that先行词为先行词为everything，little,much，all，anything，nothing,none,few等词时，等词时，关系代词关系代词用用that2.先行词同时先行词同时指人和指物指人和指物时，时，2.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.that先行词为人和物的组合时用that3.Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或者者

17、which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用 who,which，而用而用 that。that3.在在以以which/who 为疑问词为疑问词的特殊疑问的特殊疑问句中句中 4.在在there is/here is/it is 句型中句型中4.There is no dictionary _ you can find.that在there is/here is/it is 句型中用that5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?先行词前有序数词先行词前有序数词(the first等等),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the b

18、est等等)；或者先行词被；或者先行词被all,any,every,the last,the very,the only 等等时，用时，用that。thatI will give you the book _ you asked.介词介词+关系代词引导定语从句时关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是物如先行词是物,关系代词只能为关系代词只能为which。for which考点二：考点二：whose用法用法whose既既可以修饰可以修饰指人指人也可以修饰也可以修饰指物指物的先行的先行词，结构是：词，结构是：whose+名词名词。关系。关系代词与其后的名词构成代词与其后的名词构成所有格。所有格。Do

19、you know anyone whose family is in Xian?We live in a room whose window faces north.Do you know anyone the family of whom is in Xian?We live in a room the window of which faces north.1、先行词是表人的词，、先行词是表人的词，“whose+名词名词”可以用可以用“the+名词名词+of whom”替换替换2、先行、先行词是词是表物的表物的词词，“whose+名词名词”可以可以用用“the+名词名词+of which”

20、替换替换考点考点三三:什么什么情况下用情况下用 who 不用不用 that？先行词是人称代词先行词是人称代词时时 He,_ just heard the news of his fathers death,burst into tears.who1.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.2.Is there a student _ father is a business man?3.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.4.Ive never heard of the people

21、and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that5.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.6.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.thatthat1.找找出出先行先行词词,并判断先行词是表人的词还并判断先行词是表人的词还是

22、表物的词。是表物的词。2.看看先行词在定语从句中的先行词在定语从句中的语法功能语法功能（作什么成分？主语、宾语、定语或状语）（作什么成分？主语、宾语、定语或状语）3.选选择合适的择合适的关系词关系词定语定语从句三步法从句三步法1)Do you want a friend _ you could tell everything to.2)Some people _ lived in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.3)It make wide bends or meander

23、s through low valleys to enters the plains _ rice grows.)4)A huge crack _ was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.5）The number of people _were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,00.6)The army organized teams to dig out those _ were trapped a

24、nd to bury the dead.7)Workers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed.8）The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.9)The parts of town _ they were sent to live were decided by white people.10)The school _I studied for only two years was three kilomet

25、res away.11)The day _ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.12)We have reached a stage _we have almost no rights at all.13)The places outside the towns _ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of people.14)We were put into a position _ we had either to accept we were less importanrt

26、.做题步骤：做题步骤：及物动词关系代词 不及物动词关系副词This is the factory _ you visited the other day.A.that B.where C.in which D.the one This is the factory _ he used to work.A.that B.where C.which D.the one Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?(缺少状语)Is this the museum that/which you visited a few days ago?(缺少宾

27、语)AB1.Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those 2.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time.A.who B.that C.whom D.whose 3.Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A.all which B.that C.all that D.which ABC4.This is the best book _ I have been

28、looking for all this year.A.who B.who C.which D./5.I hate people _ talk much but do little.A.whom B.which C.who D.when6.Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy questions?A.who B.where C.that D.it7.The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy.A.when B.whom C.who D.whichDCCC 1.The house that

29、 they built it in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.2.I will never forget the poor boy who have no arms.3.We have done everything which can be done.4.I have been to the park which there are a lot of flowers.5.The park where the old people usually go to is called Zhongshan park.6.Look!The tree where Jack is climbing is quite tall.改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）1)什么是定语从句？什么是先行词以及定语从句的位置？2)引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？3)哪个代词不能引导定语从句？4)修饰人的关系词有哪些？修饰物的关系词有哪些？既能修饰人又能修饰物的关系词有哪些？5)关系词在句中所作的成分？6)只能用关系代词that引导定语从句的几种情况。7)关系副词在定语从句中所作的成分。Review the Attributive Clause