2021年牛津译林版中考英语语法ppt课件— 现在完成时.ppt

1、现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时的含义现在完成时的含义现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时现在完成时1.强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.指过去的指过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在并且有可能持续下去。动作或状态一直延续到现在并且有可能持续下去。构成：构成：have/has+doneDanie

2、l did not arriveDaniel has not arrived.Tom has to waitthey made friends witheach other in 2010they are still friendsDaniel and Tom have been friends for 3 years.现在完成时现在完成时的的构成构成1.现在完成时的现在完成时的肯定句肯定句 句型句型第一人称第一人称 I I、wewe 第二人称第二人称 you you 第三人称复数第三人称复数 they they 2.2.现在完成时的现在完成时的否定句否定句 句型句型 主语主语+have/ha

3、s+have/has+notnot+done+.+done+.have done第三人称单数第三人称单数 he she it he she it has done3 3.现在完成时的现在完成时的一般疑问句一般疑问句 句型句型 Have/Has+主语主语+done+done+?4.4.现在完成时的现在完成时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 句型句型 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+主语主语+done+done+?done 过去分词过去分词过去分词的变化规则过去分词的变化规则(A)(A)规则动词规则动词：动词的过去分词的规则变化与动词的动词的过去分词的规则变化与动词的过去过去式式的规则变化相同。四点

4、变化规则：的规则变化相同。四点变化规则：(1)大多数动词大多数动词，在词尾直接加，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)、以不发声音、以不发声音“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived,(3)、以、以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将结尾的动词，将“y”变为变为“i”，再加，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，辅音字母，先双写该

5、辅音字母，再加再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped 大多数动词大多数动词，在词尾直接加，在词尾直接加“ed”plant-planted-planted play-played-played以不发声音以不发声音“e”结尾的动结尾的动词，只在词尾加词，只在词尾加“d”use-used-used live-lived-lived以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的结尾的动词，将动词，将“y”变为变为“i”，再加再加“ed”。study-studied-studiedhurry-hurried-hurried重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有重读闭音节结

6、尾，末尾只有一个一个辅音字母，先双写该辅辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped规则动词过去分词的变化规则动词过去分词的变化 不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词原形过去式过去分词原形过去式过去分词rideroderiddenchoosechosechosenteachtaughttaughtknowknewknowncatchcaughtcaughtunderstandunderstoodunderstoodbuyboughtboughtcomecamecomeputputputcutcutc

7、uteatateeatenwritewrotewritten before(句末句末)（以前）（以前）,by now/so far(到目前为止到目前为止),once,twice,three times,just(刚刚刚刚),recently（最近），（最近），yet(否否/疑疑)（还（还/已经）已经）,already(肯肯)（已经）（已经）,ever(否否/疑疑)（曾经）（曾经）,never（从不）（从不）,all ones life（一生）（一生）,in/during the past/last 5 years（在过去（在过去的五年里）的五年里）,for+一段时间一段时间 since+时间点

8、时间点 since+句子句子 already肯定句，表示“已经”,ever疑问句，表示“曾经”，for肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示一段时间just肯定句，表示“刚刚”，never否定句，表示“从不”，recently 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示“最近”since肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示“自以后”yet疑问句/否定句,表示 “已经”或“还没有”1.Have you ever _(骑骑)a horse?2.He _(教教)in this school for ten years?3.The police (抓住抓住)the robber for a long time.4.So far,he

9、 (写写)200 books.5.Most people feel happy because the changes (带来带来)them a modern life.6.I havent (吃吃)breakfast yet.7.He has(选择选择)a house with a good view.8.We (认识认识)each other for twenty years.9.They havent (理解理解)what I said yet.10.The workers have(种植种植)2000 trees since two years ago.riddenhas taught

10、have caughthas written have broughteatenchosenhave knownunderstoodplanted句型转换：1.My brother has already read the book.(改为否定句，一般疑问句并作肯定回答)_2.He has lived in the city for ten years.（对画线部分提问）_3.I bought a new bag last month.(用already代替last month改写句子)_4.I havent been to a cinema for three weeks.（同义句转换）I

11、havent been to a cinema _ three weeks _.5.We have been to the Olympic Park three times in the past two months.(划线部分提问)_ _ _ have you been to the Olympic Park in the past two months?My brother hasnt read the book yet.Has your brother already read the book?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.How long has he lived

12、 in the city?I have already bought a new bag.sinceagoHowmanytimessince 加时间点加时间点 since+句子句子 for 加一段时间加一段时间用since和for填空 1)_ two years 2)_ two years ago 3)_ last month 4)_ I moved here5)_ yesterday 6)_ 4 oclock 7)_ 4 hours 8)_ we were children sinceforsincesincesincesinceforsince 加句子（过去时）since 用for或sin

13、ce填空(1)._ 1998 (2)._ half an hour(3)._ I was born(4)._ ten minutes ago(5)._ a couple of years(6)._John married Wendy He has bought the book.He has bought the book for a week.He has had the book for a week.动词：瞬间动词 非延续性动词 短动作短动作 延续性动词 长动作长动作 短动作在现在完成时中不能连接一段时间Which one is not right?She has bought the

14、computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years.been inbeen a

15、 soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inarrive inhave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days.been away from come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been

16、 a soldier leave have/has been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago.kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes.been

17、on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on 类似的转换还有：类似的转换还有：fall asleepbe asleep;catch a cold have a cold;move therebe there;get to knowknow;open

18、be open;closebe closed;wake upbe awake 等等1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in/a member of3 gobe in8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe in/at10 arrivebe in/at切记切记有些动词是非延续的，如果与表示有些动词是非延续的，如果与表示“一段时间一段时间”的状语的状语连用时，需要换成其相对应的延续性动词。现归纳一下连用时，需要换成其相对应的延续性动词。现归纳一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：由非

19、延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：come back be backfall ill/sick/asleep be ill/sick/asleepget up be up go out be outfinish be over put on wear/be onopen be open close be closed go to school be a studentcatch(a cold)have(a cold)get to know know begin to study study buy have(has)had borrow have(has)keptarrive have(has)b

20、een in/at leave-have(has)been awayjoin have(has)been in/a member ofdie have(has)been deadget married have(has)been marriedcome/go have(has)been in/atbegin/start have(has)been onstop have(has)been over判断下列动词哪些是延续性动词，哪些是短暂性动词。wait teach come go write learnbuy join borrow leave start die finish stop li

21、ve work延续性动词_短暂性动词_wait/teach/write/learn/live/workcome/go/buy/join/borrow/leave/start/die/finish/stop用现在完成时改写：用现在完成时改写：4种种 His uncle died 2 years ago.His uncle has been dead for 2 years.His uncle has been dead since 2 years ago.It is two years since his uncle died.(since过去过去)Two years has passed si

22、nce his uncle died.When did his uncle die?How long has his uncle been dead?短暂性动词替代它的（延续性动词)diemarryfinish/stopbegin/startjoincome/go/arriveleaveborrowbe deadbe married be overbe on be a member of be inkeep be in/atbuyhavebe away from 写出它们的同义句(1).I bought this computer six months ago.I_ this computer

23、 for six months.(2).She borrowed the magazine yesterday.She_ the magazine since yesterday.(3).Uncle Sam arrived in Nanjing three years ago.Uncle Sam _ Nanjing for three years.(4).Judy and Mark got married last month.Judy and Mark_ since last month.(5).Mr Wang left his hometown when he was seven.Mr.W

24、ang _his hometown since he was seven.(6).The meeting began ten minutes ago.The meeting _ for ten minutes.have hadhas kepthas been inhave been marriedhas been away fromhas been on have/has gone与与have/has been 区别区别 用用have/has been 或或have/has gone 完成填空完成填空 1.My father _ to Beijing.He will be back in tw

25、o days.2.The Greens _ to the USA twice.3.A:Where is your aunt now?I havent seen her for a long time.B:She _ to Xiamen.4.The Class1,Grade 8 students _ to many places of interest in our city.5.A:_ Tommy _ to Nanjing?B:Yes.He went there last month and hasnt come back yet.has gonehave beenhas gonehave b

26、eenHasgone Tom 在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了 Where is Tom?He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.一、构成不同一、构成不同They lived here in 2011.他们他们2011年住在这里。年住在这里。We have lived here for three years.我们已经在这里住了我们已经在这里住了3年了。年了。一般过去时：主语

27、一般过去时：主语+谓语动词的过去式谓语动词的过去式现在完成时：现在完成时：havehas+V-ed He visited Guilin in 1998.他他1998年参观过桂林。年参观过桂林。She always swam in the sea when she lived in Qingdao.她住在青岛的时候，总是去海里游泳。她住在青岛的时候，总是去海里游泳。Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。吉尔买了一台新电脑。I have had my lunch.我已经吃了午餐。我已经吃了午餐。二、用法不同二、用法不同 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时

28、间发生的事表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对不强调对“现在现在”产生的影响。产生的影响。现在完成时现在完成时表示的动作或状态与现在的表示的动作或状态与现在的情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。成的影响。He has read that book.(说明他现在知道那本书的内容。说明他现在知道那本书的内容。)He read that book last year.(只说明他去年读过那本书。只说明他去年读过那本书。)He ha

29、s gone to America.(他现在不在此地，他现在不在此地，到美国去了。到美国去了。)He went to America.(只说明他去过美国。只说明他去过美国。)一般过去时一般过去时通常与表示过去的具体的通常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用。如：时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last week,two years ago,just now,in 2002等；而等；而现在完成时现在完成时则常与则常与表示不确切表示不确切的时间副词连用，如的时间副词连用，如already,yet,ever,never,just,since,for等。等。吴老师吴老师2010年和年和2011年访问过

30、加拿大。年访问过加拿大。Mr Wu visited Canada in 2010 and 2011.吴老师已经去过加拿大两次。吴老师已经去过加拿大两次。Mr Wu has been to Canada twice.Daniel 上个月买了台新电脑。上个月买了台新电脑。Daniel bought a new computer last month.Daniel已经买了台新电脑。已经买了台新电脑。Daniel has bought a new computer.(Daniel has a new computer now.)1.我上个星期去参观了那个新动物园。我上个星期去参观了那个新动物园。I _

31、 that new zoo last week.2.我已经参观过那个新动物园了。我已经参观过那个新动物园了。I _ that new zoo.visitedhave visited3.我上周看过这部电影。我上周看过这部电影。I _ this movie last week.4.我已经看过这部电影很多次。我已经看过这部电影很多次。I _ this movie many times.sawhave seen1.I _(finish/just)my homework.Millie _(finish)her homework 20 minutes ago.2.I _(write)an email to

32、 my friend yesterday.Daniel _(write/already)two emails.has already writtenhave just finishedwrotefinished3.I _(be)in Hainan last week.Some of our classmates _(not be)to Hainan yet.4.I _(live)in Sunshine Town since I was born.Daniel _(live)in Nanjing in 2007.waslivedhave livedhaven not been单项选择单项选择1.

33、I havent seen her_she left Shanghai.Awhile Bwhen Csince D.from 2.William(威廉王子威廉王子)and Kate _ for nearly two years.A.married B.have married C.have been married D.have got married3.How well do you know the Opera House?I know the place very well.I _ Sydney many times.A.have been in B.have been to C.hav

34、e gone to D.have arrived in4.Good to see you again.Its almost three years_ we met last time.A.until B.beforeC.while D.since5.Jim isnt in the classroom.Where is he？He _ to the teachers office.A.will go B.has gone C.went D.is going6.Mr.Fan _ this watch in 2005.He_ it for 6 years.A.bought,has had B.bought,has C.has bought,has had D.has bought,had 7.Have you ever read a book called Jane Eyre?Who _ it?A.writes B.has written C.was writing D.wrote