2021年中考英语复习-阅读理解之主旨大意题ppt课件.ppt

1、专题十八专题十八 阅读理解阅读理解中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于7-9年级学生本专题一般共需4课时第一课时 阅读理解一、阅读理解常考题型二、主旨大意题解题技巧三、巩固练习一、阅读理解常见考点一、阅读理解常见考点1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体位置3 根据上下文推断生词的词义4 作出判断和推理5 理解文章的基本结构6 理解作者的意图观点和态度主旨大意型主旨大意型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命 题 类 型二、阅读理解常考题型:推推 理理 判判 断断 型型三、主旨大意题三、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1.1.干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实

2、或细节。2.2.干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事实或事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。细节片面推出的错误结论。3.3.干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us?2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?3)

3、Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?5)Whats the best title for this passage?四、主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market,Ford,General Motors and Chrysler are employing mor

4、e workers than ever before.The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted.Ford operates as far as Asia,and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer.Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of p

5、eople every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.Question:Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA.GM is one of the largest car producers.B.Ford operates not only in the U.S.A.,but also in Asia.C.The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of

6、 American autoworkers.D.The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章解释【解析】答案为C C。take sth.away of sb.take sth.away of sb.和和 cast sb.sth.cast sb.sth.的意思相似。的意思相似。本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章例2

7、:Every year on my birthday,from the time I turned 12,a white gardenia(栀子花)was delivered to my house.No card ever came with it.Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all.After a while I stopped trying to find out the senders name and was just pleased with the beautiful white flower,in soft pink

8、 paper.I never stopped imagining(想像)who the giver might be,though.Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender.My mother encouraged these daydreams.Shed ask me if I had been especially kind to someone.Perhaps it was the old man across the street.Id delivered his mail during th

9、e winter.As a girl,though,I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.One month before my graduation,my father died.I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance,and I didnt care whether I had a new dress or not.My mother,in her own sadness,how

10、ever,would not let me miss any of those things.She wanted her children to feel loved.In fact,my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia:lovely,strong and perfect,with perhaps a bit of mystery(神秘).My mother died ten days after I was married.I was 22.That was the year the g

11、ardenias stopped coming.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.A Childhood Dream B.A Mothers Love C.A Graduation PartyD.A Special Birthday【分析分析】本文写的是一位母亲在自己女儿成长的过程中以一种独特的方式每年在女儿生日那天不署名送女儿栀子花来表达对女儿的爱。本篇文章围绕爱展开,开头写暗送女儿栀子花,并鼓励女儿去想像美好。当女儿遇到挫折时,母亲鼓励女儿要勇敢地面对困难。尽管文章中并没有出现主题句,但是以上这些关键

12、信息充分说明了B项A Mothers Love是正确项。Quiz小试牛刀小试牛刀1.Samantha,I cant eat or sleep when you are gone.I need to hear your soft voice and see your lovely toothless smile.I miss that special way you eat soup with your fingers.Please come home soon!What is the main idea of this paragraph?A.Samantha,your smile is ve

13、ry lovely.B.Samantha,I want to hear your soft voice.C.Samantha,I miss you very much.D.Samantha,I cant eat and sleep well.2.Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants(仆人).They will look and behave much like real humans.We will be able to talk to these robots and they will be a

14、ble to answer us.They will be smart,strong,and tire-less workers.Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier.Which sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A.Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants.B.We can talk to these robots and they can answer us.C.Robots will

15、 look and behave much like real humans.D.The robots will be smart,strong,and tireless workers.Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the yearWhen an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do Do NOT go outsideYou could ge

16、t injured from falling glass or parts of buildingsIf you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furnitureHold on to itOr stay in a corner of the buildingCover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothingStay

17、 inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt youMost people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself Also keep away from a fireYou

18、could fall down and burn yourself on the fire If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if its safeStay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and dont drive near bridgesTry not to stop by power lines or treesThese could fall and hurt you()1It isnt safe for you to _ while the ea

19、rthquake is happening Arun out of the building Bstay in a corner of the building Ccover your head with your arms Dcover your mouth with a towel()2From this passage，we know _ Amany people fear earthquakes Bearthquakes maybe happen at any time Cwe cant save ourselves in an earthquake Dpeople never get

20、 injured in earthquakes()3The best title for this passage should be _ AHow Earthquakes Happen BHow to Drive a Car CWhat We Should Do in Earthquakes DWhy Earthquakes Happen(A)1It isnt safe for you to _ while the earthquake is happening Arun out of the building Bstay in a corner of the building Ccover

21、 your head with your arms Dcover your mouth with a towel(B)2From this passage，we know _ Amany people fear earthquakes Bearthquakes maybe happen at any time Cwe cant save ourselves in an earthquake Dpeople never get injured in earthquakes(C)3The best title for this passage should be _ AHow Earthquake

22、s Happen BHow to Drive a Car CWhat We Should Do in Earthquakes DWhy Earthquakes Happen课时总结1.快速有重点地浏览(skimming)全文。从整体上把握文章的结构、逻辑关系、问题的指向等。在快速浏览时，不纠缠文章中与主旨无关的细节(如某些数字或专有名词等)，以保持阅读的连贯性，把注意力集中于主题句的关键词语上，必要时在重要词句下面画线标注。2.选择文章标题时，既要排除过于具体或断章取义、以偏概全的标题，又要排除范围太大、空洞、不着边际的标题，还要警惕以事实、细节替代抽象、概括的大意的情况。3.推断作者写作目的时，要站在作者的立场想问题，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。当文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如：but,yet,however,although等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息。4.必须看清题目，要求回答的是“全文主旨”还是“段落主旨”；推断的是“作者的观点、意图”还是“别人的观点、意图”。