2021年中考英语完形填空策略指导ppt课件.ppt

1、完形填空解题策略完形填空解题策略完形填空是一种既对局部进行考查、完形填空是一种既对局部进行考查、又对整体进行宏观考查的试题类型，又对整体进行宏观考查的试题类型，是一种考查语言知识综合运用能力的是一种考查语言知识综合运用能力的测试形式。其要求考生根据文章的整测试形式。其要求考生根据文章的整体内容和结构，在区分其内在逻辑关体内容和结构，在区分其内在逻辑关系的同时，选择符合文章情节的答案。系的同时，选择符合文章情节的答案。命题特点是命题特点是“立足语境、强调推理、立足语境、强调推理、注重实际注重实际”。完形填空概述中考完形填空采用的考试形式通常为：中考完形填空采用的考试形式通常为：记叙文、短篇小说、

2、议论文、科普文章、记叙文、短篇小说、议论文、科普文章、剧本、书信、电子邮件等大多数学生熟剧本、书信、电子邮件等大多数学生熟悉的长度为悉的长度为300-380300-380词的文本中留出词的文本中留出1515个空白处，构成个空白处，构成1515个小题，每小题有个小题，每小题有4 4个选项，要求考生从中选出一个最佳答个选项，要求考生从中选出一个最佳答案，使内容完整、正确，构成一篇完整、案，使内容完整、正确，构成一篇完整、可阅读的。可阅读的。完形填空考查体裁完形填空解题技巧词语复现解题法是指某一个词以原词或同义词等词语复现解题法是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过方

3、式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、为原词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义词或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复同义词或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复现，如现，如ill ill 与与sicksick）、上下义复现（即总括与分）、上下义复现（即总括与分述，如述，如animalanimal是是sheep,tigersheep,tiger等的上义词；等的上义词；roserose是是flowerflower的下义词）、反义复现等。的下义词）、反义复现等。Tip1

4、:词语复现解题法小试牛刀Mrs Neidl would ask me for my _.She wanted to know how I thought.She believed I had opinions,so I began to.()A.opinion B.information C.invention D.introductionThe art experts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to _ the paint on the picture.These checks foun

5、d trace(痕迹）of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.()A.try B.remove C.wash D.checkAD原词复现Tip2:上下文语境逻辑推理解题法这类题主要是通过短文中上下语境所透露的信息这类题主要是通过短文中上下语境所透露的信息进行解题。首先要正确理解所给信息，再进行合进行解题。首先要正确理解所给信息，再进行合理分析和推断，这种语境信息一定要遵循逻辑概理分析和推断，这种语境信息一定要遵循逻辑概念。这种逻辑关系主要包含并列关系、对比关系、念。这种逻辑关系主要包含并列关系、对比关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折关

6、系、让步关系和结递进关系、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系和结果关系等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有果关系等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。连词意义的各类短语。小试牛刀When we talked,I discovered some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minu

7、tes in each class.()A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterMrs Black would ask me for my opinion.She wanted to know how I thought we should handle thngs.At first I had no idea to answer because I know _ about stage design!()A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everythingBC对比关系因果关系Tip3:词义辨析和固定搭配解题法这类题主要是惯

8、用搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、这类题主要是惯用搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。副词、形容词、名词和短语等。小试牛刀The chance passed and I didnt _ it.I took the exam the next day and I won.I didnt mean to cheat,but I was still cheating anyhow.()A.take B.have C.lose D.findThe nurse had him take a _ in the waiting area,telling him it would be at le

9、ast 40 minutes before someone would be able to see him.()A.breath B.test C.seat D.walkABThe chance passed 和 I didnt take the chance构成并列关系，意为“没有抓住机会”Tip4:语法结构解题法这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识，能这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识，能够从句式的结构上辨别出，并填入相关的关联词、够从句式的结构上辨别出，并填入相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词。当然还要考连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词。当然还要考虑到主谓一致等语法知识要

10、点。虑到主谓一致等语法知识要点。As my father,_ worked three jobs,once told me.()A.he B.whose C.who D.whomShe was French-perhaps from that place _ he usually spent his holidays.()A.where B.when C.that D.which小试牛刀CA定语从句Tip5:根据生活常识解题法将文本意思和我们原有的生活经验、将文本意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科普常识结合起文化背景知识，以及科普常识结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答来，进行简

11、单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推理逻辑推理”常常交织在一起，因为虽有背景常识，常常交织在一起，因为虽有背景常识，仍需要简单推理，逻辑推理离不开背仍需要简单推理，逻辑推理离不开背景常识。景常识。小试牛刀.“Maam”the officer replied,“you werent speeding,but you should know that driving _ than the speed limit can also be a danger to other drivers.The same as a speeder.”()A.closer B.slo

12、wer C.farther D.higher.For shy people,it can be _1_ to make friends,speak in class,and even get a good job.But scientists say you can _2_ your shyness.They suggest trying _3_ things and practicing conversation.()1.A.difficult B.safe C.harmful D.surprising()2.A.run into B.look for C.get over D.depend

13、 on()3.A.new B.private C.awful D.heavyBACA生活常识完形填空运用挑战I sat down to read under an old tree in the park.I felt my life was _1_ for my whole world was dark.A young boy ran up to me,out of _2_,he stood right before me with his head down and said _3_,“look what I found!”In his hand was flower,and what a

14、 poor sight!The flower was dry and _4_.I gave him a small smile and then turned my eyes away so that he could take his dry flower and go off to play.()1.A.hopeless B.colourful C.simple D.wonderful()2.A.mind B.troubleC.breath D.work()3.A.sadly B.strictly C.angrily D.excitedly()4.A.dead B.fresh C.aliv

15、e D.heavyACDA上下文语境逻辑推理解题法生活常识解题法上下文语境逻辑推理解题法生活常识解题法完形填空运用挑战Diaosi wasnt a good term(术语）.It was used to describe those poor and ordinary youth_1_ stayed at home all day playing video games,with no hope for the future.In other words,it meant a _2_.However,as it went popular on the Internet,young peopl

16、e from different countries began to like and attracted it.And the diaosi are most between 30 and 39 years old.These people _3_ more than 80 percent of the population of the diaosi.()1.A.what B.which C.who D.how()2.A.loser B.winnerC.player D.man()3.A.give up B.look up C.take up D.make upCAC语法结构解题法（定语

17、从句）上下文语境逻辑推理解题法上下文语境逻辑推理，词义辨析解题法1 1注重首、尾句。注重首、尾句。2 2克服畏难、急躁情绪克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。耐心通读全文。3 3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答 案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4 4动笔时先易后难动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或注意从文中同样结构或 类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5 5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从 语篇语篇(前提示、后暗示前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。意义上加以鉴别。完形填空贴士Thank you!Thank you!