2021年中考英语语法复习 名词专题ppt课件.pptx

1、名词名词名词中考考什么名词中考考什么你知道吗？你知道吗？名词名词按词汇意按词汇意义划分义划分普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词中考名词的考察主要是从：中考名词的考察主要是从：1.1.名词的数名词的数2.2.名词的格名词的格3.3.名词作定语名词作定语考点一：名词的数考点一：名词的数可数名词可数名词可数名词分为可数名词分为_和和_.1.可数名词单数前必须有限定词，限定词可以为可数名词单数前必须有限定词，限定词可以为_、_、_、_、_.注意：注意：_后只能接可数名词单数。后只能接可数名词单数。1）He

2、 is _14-year-old boy.（2021年湖南中考）2）She loves_(she)job.And my father is _ engineer.（2021河北中考）可数名词单数可数名词单数可数名词复数可数名词复数aanthe形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词所有格名词所有格a/an a her an2.可数名词复数的词形变化可数名词复数的词形变化1）大多数在词尾加）大多数在词尾加_，在清辅音后读，在清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读，浊辅音和元音后读z.2）以）以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的名词后加结尾的名词后加_，-es读作读作iz 注意：注意：stomach的复数形式为

3、的复数形式为_，因为，因为stomach中中-ch的发音为的发音为k.3）以）以o结尾的名词一般加结尾的名词一般加es，但以元音字母加，但以元音字母加o的名词和以的名词和以o结尾的一些外来名词直结尾的一些外来名词直接加接加-s.初中常见加初中常见加-es的名词分别是的名词分别是_、_、_、_.4）以）以f或或fe结尾的名词要把结尾的名词要把f或或fe改为改为v再加再加-es，-ves读作读作vz，如：，如：leaf-_.5）以）以-y结尾的名词，辅音字母结尾的名词，辅音字母+y,变变y为为_再加再加_;元音字母元音字母+y，直接，直接+_.如：如：city-_,factory-_,boy-_,

4、day-_.-s-esstomachs negro hero tomato potato leaves i es -scities factoriesboysdays3.可数名词的不规则变化可数名词的不规则变化1）单复同形的名词）单复同形的名词_ 十字路口十字路口 _方法；手段方法；手段_系列系列 _中国人中国人_日本人日本人 _ 鹿鹿_绵羊绵羊 _鱼鱼2）变内部元音的名词）变内部元音的名词foot-_ man-_ woman-_ tooth-_goose-_ mouse-_crossroads meansseriesChineseJapanese deer sheep fish feet m

5、en womenteeth geesemice3）变换词尾）变换词尾child-_ ox-_4）用汉语拼音表示的名词没有复数形式，书写时用斜体）用汉语拼音表示的名词没有复数形式，书写时用斜体five yuan one hundred li ninety jin5）复合名词的复数变化）复合名词的复数变化1）主体名词之后加）主体名词之后加-sson-in-law-_ looker-on-_2）没有主体名词须在词尾加）没有主体名词须在词尾加-sgrown-up-_ go-between-_childrenoxensons-in-lawlookers-ongrown-upsgo-betweens1.（

6、2021甘肃天水市甘肃天水市中考真题）中考真题）There are three _(apple)on the table.2.（2021江苏南京市江苏南京市中考真题）中考真题）Over the years,Gong Bao Chicken has become one of the most popular _(dish)in Chinese restaurants throughout the world.3.（2021江苏盐城市江苏盐城市中考真题）中考真题）Scienists have found that _(plant)talk to each other all the time.T

7、heir language is a kind of chemical.4.（2021湖南常德市湖南常德市中考真题）中考真题）Look,the _(child)are having a good time flying kites in the park.5.（2021.河北省。中考真题）河北省。中考真题）We usually play _(match)on Saturday mornings.applesdishesplantschildrenmaches不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词通常包含_和_.可数名词复数和不可数名词的修饰词可数名词复数和不可数名词的修饰词1）只能修饰可数名词_、_、

8、_、_等2）只能修饰不可数名词_、_、_、_等3）既可以修饰可以修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词_、_、_、_、_等物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词many few a few 数词数词 much little a little a bit of some lots of a lot of plenty ofany1.【2018年四川省凉山州】年四川省凉山州】Many foreigners came to our school last week,including three and four .A.German,American B.Germans.American C.Germans.Am

9、ericans D.German,Americans2.【2019 黑龙江黑龙江省大庆市】省大庆市】The problems are difficult to solve.Please give me _.A.many advice B.some adviceC.an advice D.some advices3.【2019 甘肃省甘肃省天水市】天水市】Look!They are _.Yes.We are proud of them.A.man scientist B.women scientists C.woman scientists D.man scientists4.【2019 四川省

10、达州市】四川省达州市】Hello,Lucy,please give me some _ on how to improve my English!You d better keep _ more English books.A.advices；read B.advice；read C.advice；reading D.advices；reading5.【2019 广西广西省玉林市】省玉林市】Can I help you,Madam?Yes _,please.A.Two pair of socks B.Two pairs of socks C.Two pairs of sock D.Two pa

11、ir of sock6.【2019 广西省百色市】广西省百色市】Id like some _ and _.A.banana;tomato B.bananas;tomato C.bananas;tomatoes D.banana;tomatoes7.【2019 湖南省岳阳市】湖南省岳阳市】We should brush our _ every day.A.toothB.teethC.hand8.【2019 四川省凉山州】四川省凉山州】Hurry up!Some _ and _ are on sale in the supermarket.A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;egg C

12、.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs9.【2019 湖南省郴州市】湖南省郴州市】I know little about this product.Surf the Internet,and you will get much _ about it.A.informationB.messageC.suggestion10.【2019 黑黑龙江省哈尔滨市】龙江省哈尔滨市】Tim got four _from his relatives on Children s Day.A.toyB.toysC.toies11.【2019 四川省自贡市】四川省自贡市】What else do

13、we need to make cold beef？_.A.Two spoons saltB.Two spoons of saltsC.Two spoons of salt12.【2020 四川省达州市中考】四川省达州市中考】Its said that the two _ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.Yeah,I know them.They are both already in their _.A.woman；sixty B.women；sixtieth C.women；sixties D.woman；sixties13.【2020 四川省

14、凉山中考】四川省凉山中考】Its dangerous for us to give too much _about ourselves on the Internet.A.messagesB.suggestionsC.preparation D.information14.【2020 重庆中考】重庆中考】Would you send me some _of yours?I miss you very much!A.magazines B.photosC.moneyD.advice15.【2020贵州黔南州】贵州黔南州】About 200_ went to see the Asian Fashi

15、on Show last night.A.GermanB.Australian C.Chinese D.American16.【2020湖北省恩施州】湖北省恩施州】Wuhan,one of the most important _ in China,is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.AcitiesBcitysCcity17.【2020岳阳市】岳阳市】Mike doesnt have enough money,so he can only afford_A.a breadB.too much breadC.a piece of bread18.【2020湘

16、西土家族苗族自治州】湘西土家族苗族自治州】Annie took a lot of_ with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday.A.photoB.photoesC.photos考点二：名词的格考点二：名词的格-s所有格所有格1）通常情况下，在名词词尾加-s_ 麦克的车 _ 我女儿的手表2）在以-s结尾的可数名词复数后面直接加-_教师办公室 _工人俱乐部3）不以-s结尾的复数名词后面直接加-s_人民医院 _少年宫Mikes carmy daughters watchteachers offic

17、ethe workers clubthe Peoples Hospitalthe Childrens Palace4）以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词之后加-s或-s均可_我老板的计划 _公共汽车里的座位5）合成词一般在最后一个词的后面加-s_ 我姐夫的生日 _ 别人的雨伞6）名词后有同位语时，只讲同位语变所有格This is my sister,Marys book.7）特殊所有格由and连接的两个或多个名词共同拥有某物时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格；如果表示各自所有，则每一个名词都要变为所有格。_ 约翰和玛丽（共同）的书桌 _ 约翰和玛丽（各自）的书桌my bosss/boss planth

18、e buss/bus seatsmy brother-in-laws birthdaysomeone elses umbrellaJohn and Marys deskJohns and Marys desk1）突出时间概念的名词_ 今天的报纸 _ 一次五天的旅行 2）用国家、城市等地名来表示个性化特色的名词_ 中国的经济 _中东问题3）用以构成不同的节日_新年 _母亲节todays newspaperfive days holidayChinas economythe Middle Easts problemNew Years DayMothers Dayof所有格所有格of短语型所有格由“

19、of+名词或名词短语”构成，修饰前面的名词。1）一般情况下，of短语型所有格中的名词是无生命的名词。_ 一张世界地图 2）of短语型所有格中的名词是名词化的词_穷人的生活 _ 富人的问题3）of短语型所有格中的名词是被较多修饰语修饰的有生命的名词This soon caught the attention of local youths,who started learning kung fu from their Chinese neighbours.a map of the worldthe life of the poorthe problems of the rich4）既可用-s型所

20、有格，也可用of短语型所有格的情况。与人的活动密切相关的名词中国的经济：_=_今天的天气：_=_表示某人所发生的事情或遭遇他父亲的死：_=_Chinas economy the economy of Chinatodays weatherthe weather of todayhis fathers deaththe death of his father双重所有格双重所有格“of+名词的-s型所有格（或名词性物主代词）”构成双重所有格。1）表示特定人的不特定的所有关系双重所有格中带-s型所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的、指人的名词，同时of前面所修饰的名词必须是不确定的名词，换言之，被修饰的

21、名词前面有一个表示限定或数量的词，如：a,two.some,any,several,few,no,many,this,that,these,tose等（不用the）修饰时。双重所有格双重所有格2）表达特殊的情感有时双重所有格所修饰的名词与指示代词连用，wanfwang往往带有赞赏、厌恶、不满等感情色彩。That brother of yours is always causing trouble.That old watch of my mothers gains a lot every day.1.【2018年内蒙古通辽市】年内蒙古通辽市】This is _ family photo,I t

22、ook it on her mothers _ birthday.A.Mary;forty B.Marys;fortieth C.Mary;fortieth D.Marys;forties2.【2019 甘肃省天水市】甘肃省天水市】After playing football for more than half an hour,the students took _ rest.A.a few minute s B.a little minute s C.a few minutes D.a little minutes 3.【2019 广西省河池市】广西省河池市】June lst is _ D

23、ay.My sister is happy on that day every year.A.Women sB.Fathers C.Teachers D.Children s4.【2019 青海省中考】青海省中考】Whose jackets are these?They said they are _.They lost them yesterday.A.Ours B.Li Lei and Li Tao s C.Li Lei s and Li Tao s5.【2019 广西省玉林市】广西省玉林市】Are those _ keys,Jack?No,they aren t.They re Uncl

24、e _.A.yours；Sam s B.your；Sam C.your；Sam s D.yours；Sam6.【2019 四川省眉山市】四川省眉山市】Upstairs are _ bedrooms.They are tidy and nice.But _ are in a mess.A.Lilys and Lucys;ourB.Lilys and Lucys;oursC.Lilys and Lucy;oursD.Lily and Lucys;our7.【2019 江苏省连云港市】江苏省连云港市】On April 24,Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the _ 110-

25、meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in QatarA.manB.menC.mensD.mens8.【2019 山东省临沂市】山东省临沂市】If I leave my house at 9 oclock and drive to the airport,Ill arrive at about 11.So its about two _ drive from my house to the airport.A.hours B.hours C.hours9.【2020 黑龙江龙江地区中考】黑龙江龙江地区中考】Look at the

26、big and clean room.Its _.A.Lucys and Lilys B.Lucy and Lilys C.Lucys and Lily考点三：名词作定语考点三：名词作定语一般而言，名词作定语是指该名词无相应的形容词1）以ics结尾的单数名词或以-s结尾的不可数名词作定语时词性不变。politics professor 政治教授 news reporter 新闻记者2）大多数名词作定语用单数形式a film star 一个电影明星 apple trees 苹果树3）有些名词作定语要用复数a clothes shop 一家服装店 a sports meet 一场运动会 a gla

27、sses store 一家眼镜店4）man和woman作定语时，随着被修饰词的单复数变化而变化 a man teacher 一名男老师 two men teachers 两名男老师 three women 三名女医生1.【2018年黑龙江龙东地区】年黑龙江龙东地区】Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our in China.Were proud _ them.A.woman astronauts;of B.women astronauts;of C.women astronauts;in2.【2018年内蒙古通辽市】年内蒙古通辽市】In China,there are

28、more _ in primary schools than in high schools.A.woman teacher B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teachers3.【2019 湖南省益阳市】湖南省益阳市】Look at the two _ over there.They are teaching the girls to play the guitar.A.women teachersB.woman teachersC.woman teacher4.【2020郴州市】郴州市】During the epidemic(疫情疫情)many _ in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.A.woman doctorB.woman doctorsC.women doctors5（2021重庆中考真题）重庆中考真题）There are many _ teachers in this primary school.AwomanBwomansCwomenDwomens