2021年中考英语语法之句子成分+结构ppt课件.pptx

1、课前小测指出下列句子的基本类型1.They are listening.2.My mother is fifty now.3.I have bought three books.4.My friend gave me a birthday present.5.I painted the wall white.6.The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.课前小测1.Gina and I _ sisters（）A.am not B.are C.is D.am2.What often makes you_？（）A.laugh

2、B.laughed C.laughing D.to laugh3.（2020山东期中试卷）-What does your brother do？-He is _（）A.a performer B.fine C.at school D.twenty year old课程目标1.了解什么是句子成分2.灵活辨析七大句子成分3.掌握五大基本句型结构Warming up.01请描述图片中你看到的人物或者事物。看图造句。例如：1.1.孙悟空飞起来了。2.2.孙悟空在打妖怪。3.3.孙悟空狠狠地打妖怪。句子成分02句子成分综述组成句子的各个成分即句子成分。句子成分包括：主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语和补

3、足语等。其中主语和谓语是句子的必须部分。宾语，表语和补足语是句子的必要部分。其他成分，如定语和状语，是句子的辅助部分。句子中的一家人句子中的老父亲我叫名词，是一家之主，所以人们就让我做主语。主 语！主语除了名词充当，还可以是-！1.I am curious about the history of China.（代词）2.Seeing is believing.（动名词）3.To say is one thing,and to do is another.（不定式）4.Two in distress makes the sorrow less.（数词）5.What he said in the

4、 meeting impressed me a lot.（从句）6.It is said that anyone who touches the tree will have a bad luck.(从句)句子中的老母亲没有我就没有家，所以我是最最重要的谓语动词。谓语做我的谓语吧Yes,Ido.句子中的宝贝我叫宾语。我是妈妈生的，所以老跟在妈妈后面。但我随爸爸姓氏，所以我也是名词宾语！宾语除了名词充当，还可以是！1.We all enjoy ourselves in this party.（代词）2.I enjoy reading English loudly in the morning.（

5、动名词）3.I want to be a singer when I grow up.（不定式）4.One plus one equals two.（数词）5.We found it difficult to make every team member to be active in team activities.(形式宾语)6.The scientists have found out that sleep can have an effect on ones sociality.（从句）句子中的保姆自从有了我，妈妈就忙不过来了，所以就请了位老奶奶专门照看我，也算给家里补充个帮手。我叫宾

6、语，奶奶自然就叫宾补。宾语补足语！宾语补足语通常是名词、形容词、不定式、分词！1.Only work no play makes Jack a dull boy.（名词）2.The news of his death made me blue for long.（形容词）3.My mom asked me to take part in this speech contest.（不定式）4.We found the village distroyed in ruins in this earthquake and we also found many children in this area

7、 sleeping on the road.（分词）主语的身份或状态爸爸还是主语，但是爸爸的身份是医生，所以医生就是表语My father is a doctor.My father is helpful.表语！表语除了名词、形容词，还可以是！1.My father is a great engineer.名词2.What he said seemed unbelievable at his time.形容词3.Winter is coming on.It is colder and colder.形容词4.Seeing is believing.动名词5.To say is one thin

8、g,and to do is another.不定式6.The cat is under the tree.介词短语7.My suggestion is that we should take action to protect our environment.从句 句子中的座驾家庭好伙伴，它经常在我们名词前后，有了它我们好像B格高了。但妈妈不爱跟它搭档，据说源于“马路杀手”的传说，妈妈借口说它只是配饰定语！定语由形容词充当，也可以是！1.He is my boy friend.名词2.This is my credit card.形容词性物主代词3.The cat under the tre

9、e is mine.介词短语4.Information age needs people equiped with basic data-analysis ability.分词短语5.Information age needs people to be equiped with basic data-analysis ability.不定式6.Information age needs people who are equipped with basic data analysis ability.从句 句子中的宠物我们跟谓语动词很亲，看家护院是强项（放在在整个句子的前后）时间目的地点状语！状

10、语常由形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词短语，从句充当！通常修饰动词或整个句子，位置比较灵活1.The operation went on successfully.副词2.Experts all over the world come together in Shanghai for this conference 介词短语3.To have a better performance,I kept practicing before going to the stage.不定式短语4.Looking around,I realized with a shock that I was the

11、 only passenger left on the bus.分词短语 5.When I looked around,I realized with a shock that I was the only passenge left on the bus.从句 归纳总结记忆口诀句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓中间，宾语，状语后面赶。短语定语主宾后，形，代作定主宾前。间宾，直宾紧相依，to/for来把直/间连。宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。句子成分习题1.We all work hard at English.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语2.Betty likes her new bik

12、e.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3.Her sister is a nurse.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语4.Were you at home last night?A.主语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5.Winter is the coldest season of the year.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语句子成分习题6.He often walks in the park.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语7.John asked me to help him.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语8.He gave me some ink.A.

13、宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补9.His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10.Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补基本句型03导入1.主语+谓语动词.2.主语+谓语动词+宾语.3.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语.4.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。5.主语+系动词+表语。丁克家庭三口之家三代同堂四口之家句子里的动词能够表达一个完整的意思，后边不需要加宾语，这里的动词为不及物动词。如加宾语，需要借助介词。Time flies.Winter comes.He smiles

14、at me.常见的不及物动词：begin,run,jump,die,listen,smile,speak,cry,live,come,go,arrive,walk,work,stay,sleep,swim,laugh,happen.例题讲解划分下列句子成分Heworks.Manyanimalsliveintrees.Theyarelisteningtomusic.Theyaredrinking.应用练习连词成句1.run,I,the,morning,in,every,park._.2.day,car,happen,accidents,every._.翻译：1.五年前我住在北京。2.他去年在一个

15、大公司工作。应用练习改错TheearthquakewashappenedagaininSichuanProvince.Idisagreemanypointsmadebythesupporters.答案：Happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。Disagree也是，要加宾语，要加介词with及物动词vt必须加宾语，否则意思不完整 vt+宾语eg.I see a blackboard in the classroom.eg.Tom watched TV just now.He makes cake.常见的及物动词have,eat,pass,learn,love,like,play,say,watc

16、h,eat,visit,do,spend,buy.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主谓宾是一种语序，一种句子结构。主谓宾是一种语序，一种句子结构。应用练习连词成句1.aunt,find,passport,my,her,cant2.up,late,she,yesterday,got 应用练习翻译1.我爸爸读书。2.You must listen to me.3.她喜欢英语。4.I like basketball.5.我和了解他。6.He often writes letters to her.pass me the salt.=pass the salt to megive me a book=give

17、 a book to memake me a cake=make a cake for mebuy me a drink=buy a drink for me指人 指物、事情表方向to为某人for知识讲解 动词是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有：give，ask，bring，offer,send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get等等。所有能带双宾语的动词含义的内核含有一个“给”字 例题讲解同义句转换1.He brought you a dictionary.2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3.I showed

18、 him my pictures.应用练习 同义句转换 He tells me the truth.My mother gives me a book.I show her my pictures.应用练习-翻译军人们的努力给我们带来了和平与幸福。他教我们英语。Thesoldierseffortsbroughtuspeaceandhappiness.HeteachesusEnglish.宾补说明宾语“是什么 N.”“是什么样的”，补充说明宾语的动作,跟宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系He calls me Tom.(I am Tom.)He makes everyone laugh.(Everyon

19、e laughs.)例句4如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.知识讲解用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。例句：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.知识讲解Ireadherastory.Wecal

20、lhimXiaoLiu.Shepassedhimthesalt.Thenewsmademehappy.知识讲解4宾宾结构中两者不是从属关系宾补中，补语是体现宾语性质或有一种补充说明的作用所以用【宾+be+补】可以成立，即和系表结构本质上差不多，而宾宾是绝对不可能的符合的【宾语+be+补语】逻辑成立【宾语+be+宾语】逻辑不成立 知识讲解4I read her a story.【her be a story】他是一个故事 We call him Xiao Liu.【him be Xiao Liu】他是小刘 知识讲解4She passed him the salt.The news made me

21、 happy.判断一下例题讲解体验：Subject(主语)Verb(动词)Object(宾语)Complement(补语)If you let me go.Ill make you king.(名词作宾补)Leave the door open.(形容词作宾补)We found Li Ming out when we arrived.(副词作宾补)Make yourself at home.(介词短语作宾补)I saw a stranger enter the building.(不定式作宾补)省略to的不定式The boss kept them working all day.(现在分词作宾

22、补)Yesterday he had his leg broken.(过去分词作宾补)应用练习1.我看到那个男孩在踢足球。I watched the boy _.2.他要你一起跟他去。He wanted you _.3.那个老师观察到那个男孩睡觉了。The teacher observed the boy _.应用练习4.他们请老师再解释一遍。They asked the teacher _it again.5.我发现这本体育杂志非常有趣。(find sth./sb.+adj.）I found the sports magazine_.6.爷爷奶奶鼓励我好好学习。(encourage sb.i

23、n.)My grandparents encouraged me _.Answerplaying football.to go with him.sleep.to explain it again.very interesting.in my studies.句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。知识讲解句子中的谓语动词由系动词充当。be动词：am,is,are感官系动词：smell,sound,look,taste,

24、feel变化类系动词：become,get,turn,go,come,grow持续类系动词：remain,stay,keep例题讲解划分句子成分1，My father is a teacher.2，Mary is clever.3，Dumplings taste good.4，The dinner smells good.5，His face turned red.例题讲解1，Millie is very _,so we all want to make _ with her.A.friends;friendly B.friendly;friendsC.friendly;friendly D.

25、friends;friends2，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出划线部分的句子成分。The day get longer in summer.A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.定语答案：B B 应用练习1，How do you feel when you win the game?It makes me feel _.A.Proudly B.proud C.interesting D.funny2，-Does the dish taste as _ as it used to be？-No，I dont think I have ever eaten a worse one（）A.b

26、adly B.good C.bad D.well3,I think we should keep _ in the reading room（）A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly应用练习1,Will you _ this weekend？I want to invite you to my birthday party A.be free B.free C.freely D.be freely2,Ben had an accident and he _（）A.hurt B.hurts C.is hurt D.was hurt3,_He became a sc

27、ientist（A）S+V+P （B）S+V+O（C）S+V+IO+DO （D）S+V+DO+IO连词成句应用练习1.his,My brother,homework,hasnt done.2.English,People,speak,all over the world.3.attention,You,good,to,your pronunciation,must pay.4.did,How many,you,new words,last class,learn?5.the students,Some of,want,in the school,to go swimming.6.willl f

28、ind,Go,and,you,the museum,on the left.the bridge,across.7.is,They didnt know,“Father Christmas”,really,who.8.You,it,useful,after you leave the school,will find.9.to sleep,The man,was trying,downstairs.10.to take,He,asked,her,the boy,out of school.连词成句应用答案1.My brother hasnt done his homework.2.People

29、 all over the world speak English.3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.4.How many new words did you learn last class?5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.6.Go across the bridge and you willl find the museum on the left.7.They didnt know who“Father Christmas”really is.8.You will find it useful after you leave the school.9.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.10.He asked her to take the boy out of school.1.主语+谓语动词+宾语.2.主语+谓语动词.3.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语.4.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。5.主语+系动词+表语。大总结VVSee you next time！