2022年冀教版中考二轮复习ppt课件（含视频+音频） 话题复习 自然世界与环境.zip

1、Nature world and environmentNature world and environmentBeizhang Junior High School Zhang Yan中考中考话题话题模模块块复复习习galaxy theMilkyWayThe Milky Way has more than five hundred billion stars.Scientists say the universe contains billions of galaxies.the moonsatellitean astronautsend upspacerocketChina Nationa

2、l Space Administration八下One planet seven worlds AsiaAsiaAsiaAsiaSouth South South South AmericaAmericaAmericaAmericaEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeAfricaAfricaAfricaAfricaNorth North North North AmericaAmericaAmericaAmericaOceaniaOceaniaOceaniaOceaniaAntarcticaAntarcticaAntarcticaAntarcticaAABCthe the the

3、the AtlanticAtlanticAtlanticAtlantic Ocean Ocean Ocean Oceanthe the the the IndianIndianIndianIndian Ocean Ocean Ocean Ocean the Arctic Ocean the Arctic Ocean the Arctic Ocean the Arctic Oceanthe the the the PacificPacificPacificPacific Ocean Ocean Ocean Oceantheequatorthe the the the Pacific Pacifi

4、c Pacific Pacific OceanOceanOceanOceanD1234567Continents and oceans What can we learn in geography class?Have you ever been abroad?八下North AmericaPopulation:550millionRivers and mountains:The Great LakesThe Rocky MountainsArea:24million square kilometresCanadathe U.S.Mexicoareapopulationlanguageflag

5、national animalsplaces of interestlocationcapitalthe farthest north35millionFrench EnglishOttawabeaverNiagara Fallsred and white七上_is_of_.Itis_inarea.Ithasapopulationof_.The_peoplespeak_.Itscapitalcityis_.Theflagis/has_._isthenationalanimal._isfamous,youcan_.south of CanadaAmerican315millionEnglishW

6、ashington D.C.stars and stripseaglethe Statue of LibertyMexican110millionSpanishMexico Citythe biggestsmaller thanthe smallestCanadianEuropeOceaniaOceaniaOceaniaOceaniaIt is one of the largest countries in the world.It lies on the south coast of the Pacific.Sydney is the biggest city of it.It is fam

7、ous for Koala and Kangaroo.Guess！Its an English-speaking country.Its flag has the same colours as that of the U.S.A lion is the symbol as a national animal.There is a famous clock tower called Big Ben.七上AfricaSouth AmericaAsiaEurope China is a large country with five thousand years history.It stands

8、 in _and lies on the west coast of the ocean.It covers an _of 9,600,000square kilometers.It has the largest _of 1.4 billion.There are many places of _in China,such as the Great Wall,the Palace Museum,Terra Cotta Warriors and so on.Hainan and Guangdong by the sea are the perfect places for a summer h

9、oliday,but if you like to visit China in winter,you can try _on the mountains in Haerbin.China has developed quickly in recent years.I love my country!Welcome to China!Asiaareapopulation interestskiing 世界世界The worldareapopulationlanguageflagnational animalsplaces of interestlocationcapitalQUICK QUIZ

10、Animalsant bear bird butterfly bee cat cowchicken camel dog duck elephant fish frog fly fox goose(geese)goat giraffe hen horse lamb lion monkey mouse(mice)/rat panda pig rabbit shark sheep snake tiger tailwolf(wolves)whale wing zebraPlantsbamboo bud branch flower forest fruit grass leaf(leaves)rose

11、root stem tree vegetable八下Animals are humens friendsAnimals help people in many ways.Animals and plants help to keep the balance of nature.With the rapid development of the society,environment is faced with new problems and challenges.TheworldisindangerOurworldisindanger.Wemustdosomething1theenviron

12、ment.But,whatarethemainproblemsweface?ThegreenhouseeffectTheatmospherearoundtheEarthisnecessary2alllivingthings.Itisliketheglassofagreenhouse,lettingsunlightinandkeepingheatfromgettingout.Without3,theEarthwouldbethesameastheMooncoldandlifeless.Whenweburnfuelssuchaspetrolandcoal,weproduceagascalledca

13、rbondioxide(CO2).Toomuchofthisgas4theatmosphere,andcausesittokeepintoomuchheat.Asaresultofthegreenhouseeffect,theEarthstemperatureisincreasing.Thiscausessealevel5,andinthefuturemaycausecitiestodisappear.CuttingdownforestsEveryyear,wedestroynaturebycuttingdownhugeareasofforests.Thismakesthegreenhouse

14、effectworse6treestakeinCO2andproduceoxygen.Cuttingdowntreesalsodestroysthehomesoftheanimalswhereliveinourforests,andcausesthesurfaceofthesoiltobe7destroyedbyrain.Thiscanresultinfloodsandeven8damagetotheenvironment.BadhabitsManyofourhabitscausepollution.Peopleoftenusethingsonceandthenthrowthemaway,or

15、leavethemonthegroundaslitter.Thiscreatesmountainsofrubbishandpollutesourlandandseas.Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,weneedtotakeproper9.Weshouldbedifferentfrommanycustomersandbecome“greenconsumers”.Thismeansthatweshouldonlybuyanduseproductsfriendlytotheenvironment.Weshouldalsorecycleasmanythingsaswec

16、an.Wecanreusethingsforthesamepurposeasbefore,orwecanusethemfornewpurposes.Ifwejustlearntoliveinnewanddifferentways,wecanmake10difference.()1.A.protectingB.protectedC.to protectD.protect()2.A.ofB.to C.with D.for()3.A.itB.itsC.itsD.itself()4.A.polluteB.was pollutingC.pollutedD.pollutes()5.A.risingB.to

17、 risingC.to riseD.riseA DC()6.A.andB.becauseC.butD.though()7.A.easyB.easilyC.easierD.the easiest()8.A.muchB.moreC.lessD.little()9.A.action B.lessons C.rest D.buses()10.A.theB.anC.aD./A BBBCCD跟着教材写段落：跟着教材写段落：(1minute)Pollutionisoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldtoday.Inmanyplaces,1._(垃圾被扔垃圾被扔进进湖里和河里湖里

18、和河里),somanyofthemarepolluted.Insomecities,2_(空气中充空气中充满满了了污污染染).Thismakespeopleill,andmorepeoplearehurtinthefuture3_.(如果它不如果它不净净化）化）语段训练语段训练语段训练语段训练:环境问题的现状及看法环境问题的现状及看法环境问题的现状及看法环境问题的现状及看法:【牛津八下【牛津八下【牛津八下【牛津八下Unit8P114Unit8P114Unit8P114Unit8P114】rubbishisthrownintolakesandriverstheairisfilledwith/fu

19、llofpollutionifitsnotcleanedupEndangered animalsCutting down forestsPollution eating wild animals rubbish/garbageDontletourtearsbecomethelastdropofwaterontheearth.What should we do?We should stop cutting trees and plant as many trees as possible.People cut too many trees.There will be no forest.We s

20、hould stop from pouring waste water into rivers.Peoplepourwastewaterintotherivers,itmakesthefishandanimalsdie.We should stop“buying and eating”.We humans kill the tigers for their fur and bones.跟着教材写段落：跟着教材写段落：(1minute)Peoplemaythinkthatbigsthingshavetobedonetosavetheearth.Manyforgetthatsavingtheear

21、th1._(从小事开始从小事开始).Forexample,youcansaveelectricityby2_(关掉灯关掉灯)whenyouleavearoom.Youcanalsousereusablebags3_(而不是塑料袋而不是塑料袋).Andinsteadofdrivingtoschoolorwork,youcan4_(骑骑自行自行车车或走路）或走路）.Ifitsfar,youcan5_(乘坐公交乘坐公交车车).语段训练语段训练语段训练语段训练:保护环境问题的措施保护环境问题的措施保护环境问题的措施保护环境问题的措施:【人教九【人教九Unt13 P100Unt13 P100】begin

22、swithsmallthingsturningoffthelightsinsteadofplasticbagsrideyourbikeorwalktakethebusPass the lawProtect the habitats of animalsUse clean energySave waterReduceReuseRecycleWe should call on everyone to protect the environment from now on.It is very necessary and important to take care of our environme

23、nt.I believe if everyone tries his best to protect our environment，the world will become more beautiful.Our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future.Its useful to begin with small things to save the world.We cant hope for rapid change，but every little bit helps.We all need a healthy

24、 environment.Lets repeat these three words daily:reduce，reuse and recycle.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment，the world will be much more beautiful.Useful expressions英语课程标准中关于“自然”的子话题有：1.动物和植物；2.山川与河流；3.季节；4.宇宙；5.人与自然。关于“世界与环境”的子话题有：1.国家与民族；2.环境保护；3.人口。分析河北近10年(20102019)中考

25、书面表达的命题形式可知，针对此话题，共考查过1次：2018年根据图片和提示写一篇关于“乱丢垃圾”的短文。通过描述图片中男人乱丢垃圾这一现象，倡导人们对不文明行为应及时制止，增强对环境保护的意识。从全国来看，关于“自然、世界与环境”的相关话题主要从以下角度进行考查：1环境保护的措施和建议(2018乌鲁木齐，2017鄂州)；2对未来环境问题的看法和解决方法(2018河南，2016衡阳)；3为建设美丽家乡或城市所做的环保活动(2019宜昌，2019德州，2019湘西州)。(原创题)河北一直致力于生态环境保护建设，你想不想也为自己的家乡河北建言献策呢？请你根据下面表格提示，写一篇以“HowtoProt

26、ectOurEnvironment”为题的英语短文，不少于80词。【审题指导】这篇书面表达要求介绍如何保护环境，属于建议做法类文章。在描述做法、问题及提出建议时，应使用一般现在时态。表格中给出了作文的要点：一是目前人们不明智的做法；二是导致的问题；三是提出建议，注意在提出建议时，从“我们”的角度出发，根据自己的观点发挥，主要使用第一人称。Writing失分点表格内的信息提示了写作的框架，因此学生写作时难度不大。容易失分的地方主要有：1汉语信息译成英文时有障碍，可能出现不会翻译或翻译不准的情况，如“土地沙化”；2滥用时态，没有仔细推敲提示信息是正在发生还是强调客观情况还是造成的影响等；3提出建议

27、或环保倡议时句式单一，不能灵活运用各种句式结构。【写作导图】句子升格1Alotofrichlandbecomesdesert.(用asaresult和changeinto升格句子，注意使用恰当的时态)_2Recyclingcanprotecttheenvironment.Itcanalsosavemoney.(用notonlybutalso升格句子)_3Takeactionandourworldwillbecomebeautiful.(用if引导的条件句和比较级升格句子)_Asaresult,alotofrichlandhaschangedintodesert.Recyclingcannoto

28、nlyprotecttheenvironmentbutalsosavemoney.Ifwetakeaction，ourworldwillbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.Homework【佳作欣赏】HowtoProtectOurEnvironmentAstimegoesby,manismakingtheearthsick.Peoplecutdowntoomanytreesandthrowrubbishhereandthere.Manyfactoriespourwastewaterintoriversandlakes.Asaresult,alotofrichlandhasch

29、angedintodesert.Manyriversandlakesaredirtynow.Theairisbecomingworseandworse.Thetemperaturebecomeshigherandhigher.Manypeopleareinbadhealth.Ithinkeveryoneissupposedtoreducethewaste.Recyclingcannotonlyprotecttheenvironmentbutalsosavemoney.Whatsmore,wedbetternotbuybottlesorboxeswhichpeoplecanuseonlyonce

30、.Ifwetakeaction，ourworldwillbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.【名师赏析】这篇文章内容完整，不仅涵盖了所有要点，也提出了自己的建议，这些建议非常合理，也很切题，是一篇佳作。astimegoesby,throwrubbishhereandthere,asaresult,beinbadhealth等短语的运用，体现了作者丰富的语言积累和深厚的语言功底。同时，作者还多次使用了比较级结构和定语从句，使全文语言结构丰富，句式多样，让文章更出彩。最后一句用条件状语从句来表达，提出号召的同时总结全文。一、常用话题词汇1.动物名称:panda,bear,lion

31、,tiger,elephant,giraffe,rabbit,horse,kangaroo,cat,dog,monkey,zebra2.动物的外貌与特性:blackandwhite,largeandstrong,alongneck,quietandshy,scaryandterrible3.山川与河流:metershigh/wide/long;amazing,fantastic,wonderful,great4.四季及对应的活动:(1)spring:flykites,haveanouting;(2)summer:goswimming;(3)autumn/fall:climbmountains,

32、watchthefallingleaves;(4)winter:makeasnowman,goskating/skiing5.环境相关词汇:pollute,dirty,lowcarbon,indanger,beharmfulto,takeaction,dealwith,putsth.togooduse/makefulluseof,throwaway二、佳句欣赏与运用谚语类Dontletourtearsbecomethelastdropofwaterontheearth.不要让我们的眼泪成为地球上最后一滴水。环境状况描述Itisreportedthatairpollutionisbecoming

33、worseandworse/moreandmoreserious.AsfarasIknow,weareshortofwaterinChina.Withtherapiddevelopmentofthesociety,environmentisfacedwithnewchallenges.Ifthepollutioncontinues,wewonthaveahealthyandhappylife.Manytreeshavebeencutdownandwildanimalsarelosingtheirhomes.保护环境的具体方法Reduce(useless)：Turnofflightswhenyo

34、uleavetheclassroom.Dontordermorefoodthanyoucanfinish.Beforeyoubuysomething，thinkaboutwhetheritisnecessary.Savewateraspossibleasyoucan.Wedbetterusepublictransportationtoreduceairpollution.Trytousebothsidesofpaper.Reuse(useagain)：Useclothbagsandchinacupsinsteadofplasticbagsandpapercups.【仿写】我们上学应尽可能步行或

35、骑自行车，而不是坐公交车。_Usesomethingthatcanbeusedmanytimes.Usethingsforaslongaspossible.Recycle(changethingsintosomethingelsetobereused)：Dividerubbishintoplastic，glass，paperandrubber(橡胶)Buyproductssuchasrecycledpapertohelpsavetrees.倡议环保Wecandoalotofthingsinordertolivealowcarbonlife.Weshouldplantasmanytreesasp

36、ossibletoprotectourenvironment.Weshouldcalloneveryonetoprotecttheenvironmentfromnowon.Weshouldwalkorridebikesasmuchaspossibleinsteadoftakingabustoschool.倡议环保【仿写】我们应该号召每个人参与到志愿者活动中来。_Itisverynecessaryandimportanttotakecareofourenvironment.Ibelieveifeveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectourenvironment，theworld

37、willbecomemorebeautiful.Ouractionscanmakeadifferenceandleadtoabetterfuture.Itsusefultobeginwithsmallthingstosavetheworld.Wecanthopeforrapidchange，buteverylittlebithelps.Weallneedahealthyenvironment.Letsrepeatthesethreewordsdaily:reduce，reuseandrecycle.Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvir

38、onment，theworldwillbemuchmorebeautiful.Weshouldcalloneveryonetotakepartinthevoluntaryactivities.中考真题典例剖析（2014邵阳）假设你叫王磊，目前，我市正在开展创建假设你叫王磊，目前，我市正在开展创建“文明卫生城市文明卫生城市”，学，学校也提出了校也提出了“垃圾不落地，校园更美丽垃圾不落地，校园更美丽”的口号，为了积极响应学校号的口号，为了积极响应学校号召，上周你和几位同学到火车站进行志愿者活动，贡献自己的一份力量。召，上周你和几位同学到火车站进行志愿者活动，贡献自己的一份力量。请把你所做的事写一封

39、电子邮件告诉你的好朋友请把你所做的事写一封电子邮件告诉你的好朋友Bob。Place:Train station;Time:From 8:00 to 12:00 on Saturday morning;People:You and some classmates;Activities:Clean the benches,pick up the rubbish,sweep the ground;Feeling:A little tired but happy.细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1.文章为电子邮件，要求向朋友讲述在响应文章为电子邮件，要求向朋

40、友讲述在响应“文明卫生城市文明卫生城市”“垃圾不落地，校园更美丽垃圾不落地，校园更美丽”的活动中，我和同学们一的活动中，我和同学们一起到火车站进行志愿者活动的事情（包括时间、地点、人起到火车站进行志愿者活动的事情（包括时间、地点、人物、物、活动、感受）。活动、感受）。2.本文描述自己的经历，写作时用第一人称，其他人用第本文描述自己的经历，写作时用第一人称，其他人用第三人称。三人称。3.回忆事件通常用一般过去时，抒发个人情感及感悟用一回忆事件通常用一般过去时，抒发个人情感及感悟用一般现在时。做到语句通顺，书写规范，卷面整洁，语法正般现在时。做到语句通顺，书写规范，卷面整洁，语法正确。确。4.词数

41、应不少于词数应不少于80词，不得出现真实姓名、校名。词，不得出现真实姓名、校名。【审题指导】Bob,Imwritingtotellyouaboutavoluntaryactivitylastweek.MyclassmatesandIdecidedtodosomethingtomakeitcleanerandtidier.开门见山地引出事件；开门见山地引出事件；动词的复合宾语结构，动词的复合宾语结构，makesth.adj.，makeitcleanerandtidier“使使更更清洁、更整洁清洁、更整洁”，增加了文，增加了文章的可读性；章的可读性；【范文点评范文点评】First,wecleane

42、dthebenches,andthenwepickeduptherubbishandadvisedothersnottothrowrubbishhereandthere.Atnoon,wesweptthegroundtogetherandthenweleft.固定词组固定词组cleanedthebenchespickeduptherubbish等的运彰等的运彰显小作者词汇之丰富，也是增显小作者词汇之丰富，也是增分的亮点；分的亮点；Wewerealittletiredafterlonghoursofhardwork,butwewerestillveryhappy.Ihopeeveryonewil

43、lmakeacontributiontoimprovingtheenvironmentofourcity.Hopetowritesoon.Bestwishes!Yours,WangLei点明主题并升华，点明主题并升华，alittletiredbuthappy“有有点累但是很高兴点累但是很高兴”；makeacontributionto“为为做出贡献做出贡献”彰显了小作者词语运用彰显了小作者词语运用的娴熟，也给文章增色的娴熟，也给文章增色不少。不少。(B)A new rubbish sorting system(垃圾分类系统)has been put into use in Fangchengyu

44、an Community in Beijing.Local people not only sort their rubbish,but also put QR codes(二维码)on it.“When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen,I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money,”one of the local people told reporters.“Its really creative and encouraging

45、.”This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing.The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting.For example,Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish people and organizations for not sorting rubbish correctly.Chi

46、na produces quite a lot of rubbish every year.Much of the rubbish is buried(填埋)in soil or burned without being sorted.Landfills(填埋场)take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby.And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases.Through rubbish sorting,we can reduce the use

47、 of landfills and air pollution.Whats more,rubbish sorting saves resources,which could bring economic benefits(经济利益).For example,a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850 kg of paper,saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water.Because of their benefits,some countries have developed successful

48、 sorting systems.Japan has a strict and detailed system.When people throw away a water bottle,the cap,the wrapper(包装纸)and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins.Every year,families receive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments.They are advised

49、 to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away rubbish.In Australia,every family is provided with three rubbish binsthe red lid(盖子)bin for“general waste”like food and plastic bags,the yellow lid bin for“recycling”like steel and glass,and the green lid bin for“green waste”such as grass

50、 and leaves.On the streets,the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside.It makes recycling quite easy.()6.What will local people probably get if they put daily rubbish into the new system in Fangchengyuan Community?A.A computer.B.A car.C.A lot of money.D.Some small gifts.