2022年人教版初中英语中考语法复习 宾语从句和定语从句ppt课件.pptx

1、语法精讲：语法精讲：宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句知识结构知识结构宾语从句宾语从句语序：陈述句语序：陈述句引导词引导词时态时态that连接代词：连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose等等连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why等等需要性原则需要性原则呼应性原则呼应性原则特殊性原则特殊性原则知识结构知识结构定语从句定语从句先行词：名词或代词先行词：名词或代词关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词1.引导词引导词引导词引导词用法用法例句例句thatthat引导宾语从句时，在句引导宾语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，只起连中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用

2、，可以省略。接作用，可以省略。I believe(that)April is the hottest month in Thailand.whether/if当表示对宾语从句所表达的当表示对宾语从句所表达的内容不确定时。内容不确定时。I dont know whether he will come home for the festival or not.考点精讲考点精讲考点一考点一 宾语从句宾语从句引导词引导词用法用法例句例句连接代词连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等等)在从句中作一定的成在从句中作一定的成分，分，如：主语、宾语、如：主语、宾语、定语等。定语等。I

3、 want to know what they are going to do.连接副词连接副词when(表时间表时间)/where(表地点表地点)/why(表原因表原因)how(表方式表方式)在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。I wonder how I should deal with my problem.考点精讲考点精讲考点一考点一 宾语从句宾语从句2.语序语序从句中必须用陈述句语序，从句中必须用陈述句语序，即即“连接词主语谓语其他部分连接词主语谓语其他部分”。如：如：I dont know where he lives.连接词连接词 主语主语 谓语谓语考点精讲考点精讲考点一考点一 宾语

4、从句宾语从句3.时态时态(1)需要性原则：需要性原则：主句是现在时主句是现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时在完成时)，从句时态随句意。如：，从句时态随句意。如：I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我听说乔昨天去北京了。我听说乔昨天去北京了。I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week.我听说乔下周将去北京。我听说乔下周将去北京。考点精讲考点精讲考点一考点一 宾语从句宾语从句(2)呼应性原则：呼应性原则：主句是过去时主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时包括一般过去时、过

5、去进行时)，从句相应地用过去的某种时态。从句相应地用过去的某种时态。如：如：Jane said she was shopping at this time yesterday.简说她昨天这个时候在购物。简说她昨天这个时候在购物。考点精讲考点精讲考点一考点一 宾语从句宾语从句(3)特殊性原则：特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实、真理或自然现象，无论主句从句表示客观事实、真理或自然现象，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：如：Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.我们老师说光传播的速度比声音快。

6、我们老师说光传播的速度比声音快。考点精讲考点精讲考点一考点一 宾语从句宾语从句“疑问词动词不定式疑问词动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what,which 和和疑问副词疑问副词how,when,where，why等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：如：I asked him when to leave for China.我问他什么时候去中国。我问他什么时候去中国。“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。作宾语时可以转化为宾

7、语从句。如：如：Could you please tell me how to get to the post office？Could you please tell me how I can get to the post office？你能告诉我邮局怎么走吗？你能告诉我邮局怎么走吗？疑问词动词不定式疑问词动词不定式考点精讲考点精讲所作成分所作成分关系词关系词主语主语who(人人)，which(物物)，that(人人/物物)宾语宾语who/whom(人人)，which(物物),that(人人/物物)定语定语whose(人人/物物)如果从句中缺少主干成分如果从句中缺少主干成分(主语、宾语或表

8、语主语、宾语或表语)，补关系代词；，补关系代词；关系代词关系代词who,that,whom和和which作宾语时，可以省略。作宾语时，可以省略。1.定语从句的关系词及其在句中所作的成分定语从句的关系词及其在句中所作的成分考点精讲考点精讲考点二考点二 定语从句定语从句She is a girl who/that has glasses and long hair.(先行词先行词a girl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导，此时关系代词不可省略引导，此时关系代词不可省略)This is the gift that/which I bo

9、ught for my brother as his birthday gift.(先行词先行词the gift指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which引导，也可省略关系代词引导，也可省略关系代词)考点精讲考点精讲考点二考点二 定语从句定语从句He doesnt seem to be the man that he was ten years ago.(先行词先行词the man指人，关系词在从句中作表语，用关系代指人，关系词在从句中作表语，用关系代词词that引导引导)I like the building whose roof is

10、white.(先行词先行词building指物，关系词在从句中作定语，用关系代指物，关系词在从句中作定语，用关系代词词whose引导引导)考点精讲考点精讲考点二考点二 定语从句定语从句2.只能用只能用that而不用而不用which的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all,little,much,none,few,something,everything,anything,nothing等时。如：等时。如：As we all know,all that can be done should be done.众所周知，所有能做的都应该被做。众所周知，所有能做的都应该被做。(

11、2)当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the right,the last等修饰时。如：等修饰时。如：This is the right book that I am looking for.这正是我要找的书。这正是我要找的书。(3)当有序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：当有序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.这是我看过最有趣的电影。这是我看过最有趣的电影。考点精讲考点精讲考点二考点二 定语从句定语从句(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物时

12、。如：如：I have never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.我从没听说过你刚才说的人和事。我从没听说过你刚才说的人和事。(5)当先行词有当先行词有all,any,no等限定词时。等限定词时。如：如：All the gifts that you received yesterday should be put away.你昨天收到的所有礼物都应该被收起来。你昨天收到的所有礼物都应该被收起来。(6)当主句是以当主句是以who或或which开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。如：如：Who is

13、the woman that is standing by the wall?站在墙边的那位女士是谁？站在墙边的那位女士是谁？考点精讲考点精讲考点二考点二 定语从句定语从句3.指物时，只能用关系代词指物时，只能用关系代词which的情况：的情况：(1)关系代词放在介词之后。关系代词放在介词之后。如：如：This is the place in which I grew up.这就是我长大的地方。这就是我长大的地方。(2)当当that或或those作主语时。作主语时。如：如：Those which are on the desk are English books.桌子上的那些东西是英语书。桌子

14、上的那些东西是英语书。考点精讲考点精讲考点二考点二 定语从句定语从句真题训练真题训练1.Excuse me,would you please tell me _?Certainly.Its about ten minutes walk.A.where is the nearest shop B.how I can get to the nearest shopC.how far the nearest shop is D.how soon can I reach the nearest shopC真题训练真题训练2.Mr Li,could you please tell me _?Sorry,

15、Im not sure.You can ask Miss Xiao.A.where was Chinese Kung fu taughtB.how often is the dragon boat race heldC.when the ancient Silk Road startedD.how much is the Chinese painting thereC真题训练真题训练3.I heard NBA star Kobe Bryants private helicopter(直升机)crashed.I wonder_.All the nine people died including

16、 his 13-year-old daughter,Gianna.A.where the accident happenedB.that his daughter died tooC.what was the weather like that dayD.if there were any survivors in the accidentD真题训练真题训练4.We teenagers should look up to the people _ have made great achievements to our country,like Yuan Longping.I think so.

17、AwhoBwhat Cwhich Dwhose5.I will remember the important people in my life _ helped and supported me.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.howAA真题训练真题训练6.Do you know the girl_ is giving the speech?Of course.She is my best friend,Meimei.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what7.Do you like the song Shao Nian?Yes.I like the songs _ I ca

18、n sing along with.A.thatB.whoC.whatBA提升训练提升训练whenwhythatorand if be do sleep whatA strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night.They turn off the lights,pull up the covers 1 close their eyes.Several hours later,they wake up again.Strange,isnt it?Sleep puzzles science.Scientists and doctors wou

19、ld rather talk about 2 one cant fall asleep.They are not so sure 3 causes sleep.The best conditions for sleep are good health and the meal which 4 neither too big nor too small.No worries and a comfortable place can help you fall asleep easily.They 5 think its good for two people to sleep in one bed

20、.Strange things happen during sleep.For example,you move often.You will feel tired 6 you dont.You also dream.Parts of your brain are still awake 7 you dream.andwhywhatisdontifwhen提升训练提升训练whenwhythatorand if be do sleep whatDreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are stil

21、l awake.In your dream,you can see things 8 happened in the past or people you met before and you might even see things that never happen 9 people you never meet in your real life.Many scientists say experiments have shown that most of us dream in color.Bad dreams may be caused by a stomachache.Dont worry if you dream.Some great stories and poems were begun while the writers 10 thatorsleptBye-bye!