2021年中考英语语法之非谓语动词ppt课件.pptx

1、中考英语语法之非谓语动词目录Catalog1 引入2 非谓语的定义3 非谓语的构成：（1）to do句法作用 （2）分词的用法 （3）动名词的用法4 巩固练习5总结PART 01PART 01Warming upWarming up划分句子成分 1.The flower is dead.2.Plants need water.3.We should keep the plants in the shade.4.A beautiful girl is running to us.5.He began to learn English when he was eleven.解析：1.The flo

2、wer is dead.主 系 表2.Plants need water.主 谓 宾3.We should keep the plants in the shade.主 谓 宾 宾补4.A beautiful girl is running to us.定 主 谓5.He began to learn English when he was eleven.主 谓 宾 状谓语动词就是能在句子中作谓语的动词（独立做谓语，或者构成复合谓语皆可）非谓语动词就是不能在句子中作谓语的动词 动词都有什么形式？dodoesdiddoingto dodonePART 02PART 02非谓语的定义定义什么是“非

3、谓语”？在简单句中，同时出现 个动词，非谓语是 的特殊形式，在句中可以作除 外的所有成分。2.它不受人称和数的限制。试一试1.He likes to make friends and they always enjoy playing football.2.I will come to see you.3.I found him swimming in the river.4.His favourite sport is swimming.5.We need to be active in class试一试1.He likes to make friends and they always e

4、njoy playing football.2.I will come to see you.3.I found him swimming in the river.4.His favourite sport is swimming.5.We need to be active in classwhat do you want to be when you grow up?what do you want to be if you lived in ancient times?PART 03PART 03非谓语的构成非谓语动词动词不定式 动名词现在分词分词过去分词非谓语动词的特点：1.由动词构

5、成2.在句子中不做谓语 to do用法1）基本形式：肯定式:to do否定式:not to do省略to的:do2）特点 ：A.没有人称和数的变化B.可以有自己的宾语和状语 C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be +动词过去分词）to do不定式to do不定式在句子中充当的成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语X(3)用法：在句子中不能作谓语但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。A、作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it

6、做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its+n.+to doIts our duty _ help the poor.句型3：It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor

7、 for us to be present at your birthday party.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.1.Its necessary (take)medicine on time.2.Its not easy for him so mu

8、ch homework in one day.(do)3.Its time for us _（have）supper 4.There is a room (居住).5.Tom wanted to make his brother (哭),but this time he is made (哭)by his brother.小试牛刀1、to take 2、to do 3、to have4、to live 5、cry；to cry 答案：B、作表语，如:The important thing is to finish the work on time.to do不定式C、做宾语1.动词+to do

9、常见动词有 agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan 等2.动词+疑问词+to do I dont know what to do.3.动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+to doI find it important to learn English.to do不定式1.决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事。decide to do sth.want would like to do sth.plan to do sth.need to do sth.agree to do sth afford to do be used to do to do不定式接不定式

10、作宾语的动词口诀：2.迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事cant wait to domake up ones mind to doused to dofail to doto do不定式接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：既可加doing又可加to do作宾语的动词:A.continue,begin,start无区别B.like,dislike,love,hate +doing 长期爱好或习惯 +to do 暂时想法C.go on,stop +doing 继续/停止做一件事 +to do 继续/停止做另一件事forget,remember +doing 忘记/记得做过的事 +to do 忘记/记得要去

11、做某事E.try/cant help try doing 尝试做某事 try to do 尽力地做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事 cant help to do 不能帮助做某事1.Boys,dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A.closingB.closedC.to closingD.to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.

12、rest3.Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A.to turn offB.turning offC.turn offD.to turning off1.Boys,dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A.closingB.closedC.to closingD.to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have restedB.restingC.to

13、 restD.rest3.Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A.to turn offB.turning offC.turn offD.to turning offD、做宾补1.动词+宾语+to do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell.wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise 等。2.动词+宾语+do(不带 to 的不定式)注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hea

14、r,feel,watch,notice；使役动词 have,make,let.to do不定式请求与命令ask sb.to do sth.tell sb.to do sth.想要邀请期待鼓励与建议want sb.to do sth.invite sb.to do sth.expect sb.to do sth.encourage sb.to do sth.advise sb.to do sth.接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：to do不定式接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：答应告诫允许提醒和帮助promise sb.to do warn sb.not to do sth.allow sb.to

15、 do sth.remind sb.to do sth.help sb.(to)do sth.to do不定式E、作状语A.表目的He worked day and night to get the money.B.表原因They were very sad to hear the news.C.表程度It is too dark for us to see anything.F、作定语（必须后置）I have a lot of homework to do.to do不定式一感，二听，三让，四看，五帮助：feelhear,listen tolet,make,have,look at,see,

16、watch,noticehelp sb.（to）do sthhad better（not）do sth.why not/why dont you do sthwould ratherwould you please情态动词+do助动词+doto do不定式省略to的情况:I often hear them(sing)this song.注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：He is often heard _ the song.He was seen _ the room.to singto enterIt made me feel thirsty.I was ma

17、de to feel thirsty.1.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B.does C.did D.to do 2.Do you often hear John _in his room?Listen!Now we can hear him _ in his room.A.sing,to sing B.sing,sing C.sing,singing D.to sing,singing 3.Would you please tell me next?A.how do B.what to do C.what do

18、 I do D.how I should do 4.For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A.hard B.it hard C.it hard to D.hard to5.Youd better _a bus.A.to catch B.catch C.catches D.catching小试牛刀：to do不定式6.The teacher told them _ make so much noise.A.dont B.not C.will not D.not to 7.Our master often told us _

19、things for granted.A.not to have B.not to take C.didnt take D.not to make 8.Tell him _ the window.A.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut 9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 10.Mrs Smith warned her dau

20、ghter _ after drinking.A.never to driveB.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 小试牛刀：to do不定式 Its very cold outside.Please tell the boy the coat.(take off)2.Would you like_（go）shopping with me？3.It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem He is old enough_（join）the army 5.I am sorryI forgot_

21、（tell）you the news 小试牛刀：突击练习答案：1-5:DCBCB6-10:DBBAA1、to take off 2、to go 3、to work 4、to join 5、telling分词用法由动词原形加-ing构成现在分词 动词过去分词 可以在句子中用作定语、状语、表语、和宾语补足语。1）分词作定语The swimming boy is Tom.(主动)Look at the broken glass.(被动)2）分词作状语3）分词作表语The film is disappointing.(特征，性质)The boy was too frightened to move.(

22、状态)分词的句法功能（4点）4）分词作补语（主补，宾补）Do not keep us waiting for a long time.(主动关系)Hell have his hair cut after school.(被动关系)分词的句法功能（4点）现在分词与过去分词区别The swimming boy is Tom.(主动、进行）the room facing south（主动）The film is disappointing.（令人的)I have a radio made in China.（被动）Look at the broken glass.（被动、完成）The excited

23、 people shouted and cheered.（感到的）时间性:与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性:与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系。人称一致性:分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。动名词用法动名词一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰I hope you dont mind my saying it.2.动名词可带有自己的宾

24、语和状语Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted on leaving at once.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语Seeing is believing.Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge.no use no good no fun Its+a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no+doing.2.可作宾语 S.+vt.+doingHave you finished reading

25、the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过(少)延期 avoid/miss/delay建议完成(多)练习 suggest/advise/finish/practise喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/imagine/cant help承认否定(与)嫉妒 admit/deny/envy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅 escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意 stand/keep/keep on mind注：在动词advise,all

26、ow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。People are not allowed to fish here.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。prefer.to.look forward to be used to put off give up S.+keep on +doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/proble

27、m(in)作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doing小主来试一下：e.g.She sat there without (speak).I look forward to (see)him again.Are you used to (live)there alone?When my father heard the news,he couldnt help (laugh).I dont feel like (go)to see the film.He was busy (prepare)his lessons.主动表被动:want (需要)need (需要)require (需

28、要)Sth.+doing be worth (值得)使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义to be done使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义小主再练练手：The room wants (clean).The method needs (improve).This pair of shoes require (mend).The problem needs (work out).The question is well worth (discuss).动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在

29、should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：I like swimming,but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。What would you like to eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；go on；Others Examples四.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 在句中作主语:Marys coming late made her teac

30、her angry.Do you mind my smoking?Do you mind my reading your paper?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Roses going wont be of much help.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词 在句中作宾语:Im sure of him coming on time.He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.I dont mind Jack(him)going.She hates young people

31、(them)smoking.【祈使句动名词】1.根据句意区分。祈使句有命令和要求的意思。动词短语做主语时只是说明一个道理或者一个看法，没有要求或者命令的意思。u Predicting the future is very difficult.u Let us predict the future,Tom.u Predicting the future is very difficult.u 预测未来是很难的。（动词短语做主语）u Let us predict the future,Tom.u 让我们来预测一下未来吧！（祈使句）【祈使句动名词】u TV makes me relaxed.(wat

32、ch)u TV less,Tom.(watch)have a try【祈使句动名词】u Watching TV makes me relaxed.u 看电视使我感到很放松。（动词短语做主语）u Watch TV less,Tom.u 少看点电视吧。（祈使句）你答对了吗【祈使句动名词】2.从语法方面来判断。祈使句中的动词是做谓语的，表示动作;而非祈使句中的动词是非谓语动词做主语，表示一件事。uWatching TV makes me relaxed.uWatch TV less,Tom.【祈使句动名词】u Watching TV makes me relaxed.u 非谓语 谓语 u Watch

33、 TV less,Tom.u 谓语（句子中再无其他动词）【祈使句动名词】【牛刀小试】1._ these words loudly,class.A.Read B.Reading C.To read2._ loudly is important for learning English.A.Read B.Reading C.To read 试一试3._ the window,Tom.A.Closing B.Close C.To close4._ environment makes our world more beautiful.A.Protecting B.Protect C.Protectio

34、n 试一试【牛刀小试】1.A祈使句，read 为谓语动作2.B动词短语做，is 是本句中的谓语3.B祈使句，close 为句子的谓语4.A动词短语做主语,makes 为句子谓语【牛刀小试】【综合练习】1.Please help me carry it,_?A.will you B.will you C.shall we D.dont you2.dont make so much noise,_?A.shall we B.do you C.will you D.wont you3.her doctor said:_work so hard.A.dont B.no C.not D.isnt试一试4

35、._is good for our health.A.Swim B.Swimming C.Swims D.To swim5._in the river.Its dangerous.A.Swim B.Swimming C.Dont swim D.Not swim6.Please_ look outside.Look at the blackboard.A.no B.not C.doesnt D.dont7._in bed.Its bad for your eyes.A.Read B.Reading.C.To read D.Dont read试一试【综合练习】1.B肯定祈使句以实意动词开头，用wi

36、ll you2.C否定祈使句以实意动词开头，前否后肯，用will you3.A实意动词开头祈使句，变否定，用dont4.B动名词做主语放句首作非谓语5.C祈使句动词原形开头作谓语6.D祈使句否定形式用dont7.D祈使句动词原形开头作谓语，否定形式加dont【综合练习】PART 04PART 04考点诠释与趣味一刻1、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。【考例】Its very nice pictures for me.A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing D.of you drawing

37、1、考查非谓语动词用作主语【考例】Its very nice pictures for me.A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing D.of you drawing答案：A解析考查Its+形容词+of/for sb.+to do sth.句中it为形式主语，to do是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用of sb，其他形容词用for sb，故此题答案为A。2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?Do as you like，

38、pleaseAclose B.will close Cclosing Dto close 2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?Do as you like，pleaseAclose B.will close Cclosing Dto close 答案C 解析动词mind意为“介意”，后跟动词时，应使用ing形式。3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。The menu has so many good things!I cant decide_.A.what to eatB.how to eatC.

39、where to eatD.when to eat3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。The menu has so many good things!I cant decide_.A.what to eatB.how to eatC.where to eatD.when to eat答案：A解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”故选A。4、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。-My dad bought me a new MP4,but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.A.what to useB.which

40、 one to use C.how to use itD.when to use it4、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。-My dad bought me a new MP4,but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.A.what to useB.which one to use C.how to use itD.when to use it答案：C 解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据“我不知道如何使用。”故选C。5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行

41、，过去分词表完成和被动。【考例】Alice asked me_another bag for her.A.get B.got C.to get D.getting5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语,其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。【考例】Alice asked me_another bag for her.A.get B.got C.to get D.getting答案：C解析 ask sbto do sth表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”6、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Our paren

42、ts often tell us not alone in the river insummer.A.swim B.to swim C.Swimming D.swam6、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.A.swim B.to swim C.Swimming D.swam答案：B解析考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sbto do sth表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根据题意，应选B。7、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Betty i

43、s often seen _the old man with his housework.A.helpB.to helpC.helpedD.helps7、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.A.helpB.to helpC.helpedD.helps答案：B解析考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时

44、，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。故选B。8、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?Sorry.I have a lot of clothes .Ato washBwashed CwashDto be washed8、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?Sorry.I have a lot of clothes .Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed答案:A命题立意：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。解析：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选A。1

45、.Little Red Hat,the wolf went to bed and slept.(swallow)大灰狼一口吞下了小红帽,然后上床觉觉了。趣味一刻2.Singing You dont know love,Far High,she threw the tortoise into the river,with tears her eyes.(fill)唱着法海你不懂爱，她把那只乌龟扔进了河里,眼里满是泪水。3.Sorry,the person is in Grade 2 now.Please dial again two years later.（call）对不起，您所拨打的用户正在

46、初二，请两年后再拨。4._ puppy love,the teacher always arranges for beautiful girl student to be his deskmate.(prevent)为了防止他早恋，老师总是让漂亮的女生和他同桌。5.A twitter:My look can keep me _ until my graduation.(study)God Comment:But can your intelligence?一条说说：我的相貌可以让我安心学到毕业。神评论：你的智商可以吗？6._with the graduates of Blue Fly Tech

47、nical School,the graduates of Tsinghua University are not that skillful when _ excavetor.(compare,operate)和蓝翔毕业生相比，清华毕业生开挖掘机的技能简直弱爆了。7._the exercises,I become crazy.My dear teacher,I have had enough of you!(do)做完这些练习，我也醉了。亲亲的老师，你够了。8.Get me _a quiet handsome boy.(be)我还是做一个安静的美男子算了。答案：1、After swallowing2、filling3、called4、To provent5、studying6、compared operating7、After doing8、to bePART 04PART 04Summary总结非谓语动词to do不定式doing/done分词doing动名词Thanks a lot!