2022年中考英语-构词法词性助记ppt课件.pptx

1、初中英语单词构词法助记初中英语单词构词法助记考点一派生法英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀(1)表否定意义的前缀前缀 含义例词un-不 happyunhappy(不高兴的)friendlyunfriendly(不友好的)usualunusual(不寻常的)ableunable(不能的)popularunpopular(不流行的)前缀前缀含义含义例词例词例词例词un不不certainuncertainhealthyunhealthycomfortable uncomfortablekind unkindi

2、mportantunimportantfuckyunlucky interestinguninterestingpleasantunpleasant ableunableusualunusualfairunfairpopularunpopularfiendlyunfriendly tidyuntidyhappyunhappywiseunwise前缀 含义例词in-不 activeinactive(不积极的)correctincorrect(不正确的)complete（完成，完全的）incomplete direct（指导）indirect expensiveinexpensive(不贵的)im

3、-不 politeimpolite(不礼貌的)patientimpatient(没有耐心的)possibleimpossible(不可能的)properimproper续表助记1：积极正确的完成指导费用是昂贵的。助记2：p开头字母用否定前缀im。前缀 含义例词dis-不like喜欢dislike(不喜欢)appear出现disappear(消失)agree同意disagree(不同意)trust相信，信任distrust honest诚实dishonestnon-不;非 smokernon-smoker(非吸烟者)humannon-human(非人类的)nativenon-native(非母语

4、的;非本地的)助记3：诚实的明星赞同喜欢他的人出现信任危机。(2)其他前缀含义例词mis-错误;失误 understandmisunderstand(误解)leadmislead(误导)behaviormisbehavior(行为不端)re-又;再;重新 viewreview(复习)writerewrite(重写)inter-相互;交互在一起 netInternet(互联网)nationalinternational(国际的)connectinterconnect(相互关联)前缀含义例词tele-远 phonetelephone(电话)visiontelevision(电视)en-使可能 ri

5、chenrich(使丰富)ableenable(使能够)a-使处于情况 livealive(活着的)wakeawake(醒着的)sleepasleep(睡着的)续表2.后缀形式后缀例词形容词副词+-ly widewidelyquietquietly sadsadly slowslowly 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-ly happyhappily angryangrily 以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-y simplesimply terribleterribly 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e,再加-ly truetruly形式后缀例词名词形容词+-y

6、rainrainy healthhealthy wealthwealthy lucklucky续表NounSuffixAdjectivecloud+ywind+yrain+ysnow+ysun+yfog+yNounSuffixAdjectiveluckluck+yhealthhealth+ysleepsleep+yshineshine+ynoisenoise+yfunfun+ycloudywindyrainysnowysunnyfoggyluckyhealthysleepyshinynoisyfunny形式后缀例词名词形容词+-ly weekweekly lovelovely friendfr

7、iendly+-ousdangerdangeroushumourhumurousdisaster disasterous助记4：危险的幽默是一场灾难。形式后缀例词名词形容词+-ful powerpowerful peacepeacful thinkthoughtfulThe suffixes-ful and-lessNounAdjective(with-ful)Adjective(with-less)carehelpuse noiseAdjective(with-ful)Adjective(with-less)cheerendhopemeaningsleeptastecarefulhelpfu

8、luseful noiseful(x)carelesshelplessuselessnoiseless()cheerful(x)hopefulmeaningfulsleepytastefulcheerlessendlesshopelessmeanginglesssleeplesstasteless形式后缀例词名词形容词+-ern westwestern southsouthern+-en goldgoldenwoodwooden+-al nationnational naturenaturalEducationeducational其他 ChinaChinese FranceFrench Am

9、ericaAmerican CanadaCanadian AsiaAsian centrecentral 续表形式后缀例词动词形容词+-ed disappointdisappointed interestinterested disable-disabled+-ing followfollowing interestinteresting续表Verb+SuffixNounmean+ingmeaningshop+ingshoppingbegin +ingbeginningmeet +ingmeetingfeel +ingfeeling形式后缀例词动词形容词+-tive actactivecrea

10、tecreative+-ableenjoyenjoyable comfortcomfortable suitsuitablevaluevaluablehorrorhorrible助记5：享受这件舒适的价值连城的外套是可怕的。形式后缀例词形容词名词+-ness darkdarknessillillness sicksickness sadsadness kindkindness happyhappiness助记6：+-y difficultdifficulty+-ity ableabilitypossiblepossibility Social-society续表在黑暗中两个难过的生病者遇到善良

11、的人后很开心。形式后缀例词形容词名词+-ce(以t结尾的形容词去t,再加-ce)patient耐心patiencesilent沉默silenceimportant重要importancedifferent不同，差异differenceconfident自信confidence助记7：thtruetruthdeaddeathbornbirth 这位耐心的男孩和沉默的女孩最重要的差异是有自信的。形式后缀例词动词名词+-er teachteacher winwinner workworkerspeakspeaker playplayer writewriterpaint painter report

12、 reporterdrivedriver farmfarmer dancedancer+-ordirectdirector instructinstructor actactor visitvisitor 助记8：续表导演指导演员参观。形式形式后缀后缀例词例词动词动词名词名词act+ioncollect +ionprevent+ioncreate+ioncelebrate +ioncommunicate+iongraduate+iondecorate+iondecide+iondiscuss +ionimpress+ionactioncollectionpreventioncreationce

13、lebrationcommunicationgraduationdecorationdecisiondiscussionimpression形式形式后缀后缀例词例词动词动词名词名词describe+iondescriptionintroduce+ionintroductionsolve+ionsolutioncompeteitioncompetitionadditionadditionorganize组织ationorganizationconsider考虑ationconsiderationinvite邀请ationinvitationadmire敬重ationadmiration助记助记9：组织考虑邀请令人敬重的人。组织考虑邀请令人敬重的人。形式后缀例词名词名词+-ist artartist pianopianist sciencescientist tourtourist助记10：其他serve(v.)service(n.)courage(n.)encourage(v.)hot(adj.)heat(n.)safe(adj.)safety(n.)high(adj.)height(n.)highly(adv.)bleed bloodsellsale sitseat weighweightfree-freedom Wise-wisdom这位钢琴艺术家喜欢科学旅游。