2022年中考英语专题十二主谓一致ppt课件.pptx

1、 2022中考英语专项突破专题二十 主谓一致目录一 考点详解二 历年真题三 知识点思维导图一 考点讲解主语谓语语法一致原则意义一致原则就近一致原则 正正常常/自自然然语语序序倒倒装装语语序序谓语主语语法一致原则语法一致原则1.由both 或both and连接两个名词主主语时，谓语动词用复数复数形式（如果连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数）Tom and mike are good friends.2.“用one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither 等+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数单数形式。Every one of the

2、 students is studying hard.主语主语谓语谓语单数复数复数单数3.不定代词either,neither,each,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；is there anything wrong with your bike?4.不定时，动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。To teach is to learn.5.在下列结构中

3、，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致A +Together withAlong withAs well as+B+谓语动词+The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.with6.由“some(of),plenty of,a lot of,lots of,most(of),the rest(of),all(of),half(of),分数或百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常用与of 后的名词数保持一致。如果of后是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词

4、用单数形式。Half of the apples have been rotten.Half of the apple has been rotten.7.“A number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of trees are cut down.The number of the students in our class is 32.8.None作主语时，指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。-Is there any milk in the glas

5、s?-No,there is none.None of them has/have arrived.9.由两部分构成的表示物品的名词两部分构成的表示物品的名词时，如：trousers裤子,shoes,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。My glasses were broken.如果这类词被a pair/two pairs of 修饰，谓语动词和pair 的形式保持一致。This pair of shoes is mine.Five pairs of shoes were sold out in the morning.10.在主语和谓语倒装句中，动词的单复数形式和它后面的主语保持

6、一致。There comes the bus.Such were his words.11.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which 用作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。This is the woman who wants to see you.A pair of glasses is Two pairs of glasses are 意义一致原则意义一致原则1.主语表示的事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people,police,poultry（家禽）等；则谓语动词用复数形式。The police are looking for the missing child

7、.Police 作主语时，是指有生命的集合体，是复数概念，谓语动词用复数；作主语时，是指有生命的集合体，是复数概念，谓语动词用复数；policeman作主语时，指个体，单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式作主语时，指个体，单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式2.主语表示事物的总和时，若指无生命的集合体，如clothing,fruit,equipment,traffic,jewellry等；谓语动词用单数形式。Our warm clothing protects us against the cold.3.主语为集体名词，如family,staff,class,group,government，public,等

8、，若表示整体概念，谓语动词须用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数。My family is a small one.My family all like classical music.“The+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“一家”或“夫妇”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。The Blacks enjoy working in China.Population 表示“人口”即一个国家或地区的居民数目，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。当前面出现百分数或分数时，谓语动词集指一个国家或地区的全体居民，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，旦当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好

9、用复数形式。The population of Canada is increasing.Under a third of the population now are/is smoking.They shouldnt smoke any more at the cost of their life.4.有些复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；常见的有：抽象名词News,学科名词Maths,Physics；专有名词the Untied States,游戏，运动名词billiards等；而clothes,goods物品，货物 works 作品的,the Olympic Games作主语时

10、，谓语动词用复数形式。Physics is very interesting.We all like it.5.“The+形容词”作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数；若表示一种抽象概念或品质，谓语动词用单数；The rich are not always happy.The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.6.表示时间，长度，价格，质量等的短语作主语时，应将它们作为一个整体看待，即使其中的名词为复数形式，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数Three years has passed quickly.Five meters.7.由and 连接的两个名词作主

11、语，如果是指同一概念（即and后面无冠词）时，谓语动词用单数形式。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.The singer and the dancer have been invited to the party.8.“each/every/no+名词+and+each/every/no+名词”作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Each boy and each girl wants to have a good job in the future.9.“many a/an+名词单数”或“more than one+名词复数”

12、作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。“More+可数名词复数+than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Many a person has read the novel.More members than one are against/for/your plan.就近一致原则就近一致原则1.由eitheror,neither nor,not only but also,或 or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式需与并列主语中“就近”的那一边保持一致。Neither her sisters nor Mary is going to the party tomorrow.2.There b

13、e 或 here be 这两个句式中be常遵循就近一致原则。There are three bananas and an apples.倒装句倒装句1.so,neither/nor 引导的倒装结构So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语Neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语Be动词或情态动词的选择在形式上药与前面的谓语保持一致，但其单复数则由后面的主语决定。Lucy is a good student,and so is Lily.So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语So+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词Tom passed the driving test.So did h

14、eTom passed the driving test.So he did.2.There be 句型的倒装There be 句型时一个表示“存在”的句型，是主语在be动词后面的倒装句，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近一致原则。There is a tree，five cars,in front of the building.3.方位副词引起的倒装在以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，当主语是名词时，要用倒装，谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。Away went the football fans.如果主语时代词，就不再用倒装Here yo

15、u are.4.地点状语或表语放在句首时引起的倒装West of the lake lies the famous city.谓语 主语二 历年真题1.（2021四川广元市中考真题）I plan to travel to America next month,and I think 2000 dollars _ enough.AwasBareCisDwere【详解】句意：我计划下个月去美国旅行，我认为2000美元足够了。考查主谓一致及动词时态。根据“I plan to travel to America next month”可知，此空所在句子应用一般现在时，排除A和D选项。金钱作主语时，be

16、动词用单数形式，故选C。2（2021四川广元市中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school _men teachers_.Aman teachersBmen teachersCwoman teachersDwomen teacher【详解】句意：我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。考查名词复数。结合动词are可知，名词要用复数形式，以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数，B选项正确，故选B。3（2021黑龙江大庆市中考真题）Look!Julia as well as her sisters _ a kite on the

17、playground.AflyBflies Cis flyingDare flying【详解】句意：你看！朱莉娅和她的姐妹们正在操场上放风筝。考查时态及主谓一致。根据“Look!”可知，此处指的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，结构是“am/is/are+doing”，as well as连接的主语，谓语动词用“就远原则”，be动词与Julia一致，应用is，故选C。4（2021四川凉山彝族自治州中考真题）I often see Peters father play basketball on my way to school.Thats not strange.Not only Peter

18、but also his father _ sports.AenjoyBenjoysCenjoyedDwas enjoyed【详解】句意：在我上学的路上，我经常看到彼得的爸爸打篮球。这并不奇怪。不仅彼得而且他父亲也喜欢运动。考查动词时态及主谓一致。此句是陈述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，排除C和D选项。not onlybut also连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，离其最近的主语his father是单数形式，动词用三单形式，故选B。5（2021贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州中考真题）About _ of the students in Kaili _ to school boy bus.A

19、two fifth；goBtwo fifths；goCtwo fifth；goesDtwo fifths；goes【详解】句意：凯里大约五分之二的学生坐公共汽车上学。考查分数的表达和主谓一致。“五分之二”的英文表达方式为two fifths，故A、C选项可排除。分数构成的主语，谓语动词与of后的名词一致，students是复数名词，故谓语go应用原形go，故选B。6（2021黑龙江绥化市中考真题）this pair of socks _ soft.Ill take/buy_.Afeel;itBfeels;it Cfeels;them【详解】句意：这双袜子摸起来很软。我要买它们。考查主谓一致及人

20、称代词。this pair of修饰主语时，动词用三单形式，排除A选项。第二句指要买这双袜子，表复数概念，用人称代词them作宾语，故选C。7（2021黑龙江绥化市中考真题）There is plenty of information about AI（人工智能）on the website,_?Aisnt thereBisnt itCis there【详解】句意：网站上有很多关于人工智能的信息，不是吗？考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构：前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定。陈述部分是肯定，疑问部分要用否定，排除C选项。there be句型的反意疑问句，疑问部分还是用there be，故选A。8（202

21、1海南中考真题）Many tourists visit Hainan around the spring Festival,because its _ too cold _ too hot.Aboth andBnot onlybut alsoCneithernor【详解】句意：春节期间很多游客游览海南，因为海南既不冷也不热。考查短语辨析。both and两者都；not onlybut also不仅而且；neithernor既不也不。根据常识可知海南的天气是适中的，不冷不热。故选C。9（2021吉林中考真题）Lets eat some snacks.Better not.Eating _ in

22、the library.Aare not allowed Bdoesnt allowCis not allowed【详解】句意：我们吃点零食吧。最好不要。图书馆内不允许进食。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语Eating是动作allow的承受者，用被动语态，主语是动名词，be动词用is。故选C。10（2021黑龙江齐齐哈尔市中考真题）In the face of the variation(变异)of the virus,not only China but also other countries _ to take action to fight against the crisis(危机).

23、Ahave BhasChaving【详解】句意：面对病毒的变异，不仅是中国，其他国家也必须采取行动应对危机。考查主谓一致。此处缺少谓语动词，排除C；not only but also需满足“就近原则”，谓语动词取决于“other countries”，是复数，所以用动词原形，故选A。11（2021贵州贵阳市中考真题）Volunteering our time to help people _ a good way to learn new things.AamBisCare【详解】句意：自愿花时间帮助别人是学习新事物的好方法。考查主谓一致。Volunteering our time to he

24、lp people为动名词作主语，说的是自愿花时间帮助别人这件事情，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故选B。12（2021新疆中考真题）There _ an English show this weekend.Shall we go and watch it?Aare going to beBwasCwill beDwere【详解】句意：这个周末将有一场英语表演。我们去看好吗？考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“There”及“this weekend”可知，此句要用there be句型的一般将来时there is/are going to be或there will be的结构，排除B

25、和D选项。an English show是单数，be要用is，排除A，故选C。13（2021青海中考真题）Mom,can I have the pink skirt and the white shirt?I like them very much.Sony,baby.They cost too much,but you can choose _ the skirt _ the shirt.Aboth,andBeither,orCneither,nor【详解】句意：妈妈，我可以要粉红色的裙子和白色的衬衫吗？我非常喜欢它们。索尼，宝贝。它们太贵了，但是你可以选择裙子或者衬衫。考查连词辨析。bot

26、hand两者都；eitheror两者之一；neithernor两者都不。根据“They cost too much,but you can choosethe skirtthe shirt.”可知，两件都买太贵了，此处表示两者之一，故选B。14（2021湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州中考真题）Thanks to the use of 5G technology,ways of communication _ a lot.AimprovesBhas improved Chave improved【详解】句意：由于使用了5G技术，通信方式有了很大改善。考查现在完成时。根据“Thanks to the u

27、se of 5G technology,ways of communicationa lot.”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语ways of communication是复数，故选C。15（2021四川达州市中考真题）Jane,I rang you up last night but nobody answered.Oh,I together with my parents _ walks in the park then.Ahave takenBwas takingCwere takingDhad taken【详解】句意：简，我昨晚给你打电话，但是没人接。哦，那时我和我的父母在公园里散步。考查

28、时态辨析。根据“then”可知讲过去那时正在做的事情，用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing；根据“together with”可知遵循就远一致原则，be动词的数与“I”保持一致，用was。故选B。16（2021四川遂宁市中考真题）The number of the whales _ smaller and smaller because of human activities now.AwereBwasCisDare【详解】句意：由于现今人类的活动，鲸鱼的数量越来越少。考查主谓一致和时态。was/were是，be动词的过去式；is是，be动词单数形式；are是，be动词复数形式；由“now”可知，句子应用一般现在时，排除A/B选项；the number of+复数名词表示“的数量”，谓语动词要用单数形式，be动词应用is，故选C。三 思维导图