2022年中考英语 定语从句关系代词讲解 ppt课件.ppt

1、定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clause先来看几个相关术语先来看几个相关术语1.定语定语2.定语从句定语从句3.先行词先行词4.关系词关系词1.定语：定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用的的表示。表示。a clever boy The boiling waterFallen leavesThe man who you are looking for2.定语从句定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。Do

2、 you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?What is the function of the underlined part?Tom is a handsome boy.The little boy needs a blue pen.The boy in the classroom needs a pen.The pen bought by her is made in China.The man standing there is my teacher.The boy who is reading needs the

3、 pen which you bought yesterday.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句：一个句子充当定语定语从句：一个句子充当定语3.先行词先行词：4.关系词关系词：关系代词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词关系副词where,when,why等。等。关系词常有关系词常有3个作用：个作用：1，引导定语从句。，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担

4、当一个成分。，在定语从句中担当一个成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词；引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。The boy who is reading needs the pen.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句先行词：被修饰限定的词先行词：被修饰限定的词关系词：引导定语从句的词关系词：引导定语从句的词定语从句：一个句子充当定语定语从句：一个句子充当定语God helps those who help themselves.He who laughs last laughs be

5、st.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.自助者天助。自助者天助。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。世上无难事，只怕有心人。世上无难事，只怕有心人。Guess the meaning of the following proverbsDescription He is a Chinese.He plays an important part in NBA.He was born in Shanghai.Shanghai is an international city.He is a

6、good man.People all like him.People are proud of him.He is a famous basketball player.His wife is Ye Li.He loves basketball.He plays basketball very well.He is a Chinese.He plays an important part in NBA.He is a Chinese who/that plays an important part in NBA.变为定语从句变为定语从句He was born in Shanghai.Shan

7、ghai is an international city.He was born in Shanghai which/that is an international city.He loves basketball.He plays basketball very well.He loves basketball which/that he plays very well.summary关系词在从关系词在从句中所作的句中所作的成分成分先行词的类先行词的类别别关系词的选关系词的选择择宾语宾语人人物物that/who/省略省略which/that/省略省略关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在

8、从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子1.The season _ follows spring is summer.(that/who/不填不填)2.This is the museum we visited last Saturday.(that/whom/不填不填)3.The boy John is speaking with

9、 is my brother.(which/whom/不填不填)4.The building _ walls are white is my uncles house.(which/whose/不填不填)练习巩固练习巩固thatthat/不填不填whom/不填不填whose5.Will you please lend me the book _ you bought yesterday?(which/that/whose)6.The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.(who/whom/whose)7.T

10、he student _ the teacher praise at the class meeting is our monitor.(which/whom/whose)8.I found some photos of tourist sites _ were not far away from our city.(which/that/不填不填)which/that whosewhomwhich/that 看图填句看图填句The man _ is Liuxiang.who ran fastestLiuxiang is the man _.who ran fastesta boy，has a

11、 scar，forehead Harry Porter is a boy _ _.who/that has a scar on his foreheadxinji is a cityis a city _ _._ _.Xinji a citydevelop fast which/that develops fast基础练习基础练习1.Is that the house _ you bought last year?A.where B.which2.Is that the picture _ you are laughing at?A.which B.where3.It is the most

12、interesting book _Ill ever read.A.which B.thatBBA4.The street _is to the park is very narrow.A.where B.which5.The person _finds my watch will get a reward.A.who B.when6.This is the room _ we listened to the lecture.A.which B.whereBAB7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party.A.who B.whose8.T

13、ell me the reason _ you are late.A.which B.whyBB翻译翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.She is a girl who is called Mary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Those b

14、oys who are playing tennis are my friends.关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?考点一只用只用that，不用，不用which1.all,little,much,few,none,everything,nothing,something,anything 等等不定代词不定代词作作先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时；先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时；All that can be done has been done.2.序数词序数词或形容词或形容词最高级最高级修饰先行词时；修饰先行词时；This is the best TV

15、that is made in China.3.先行词前有先行词前有the only,the very,the same,the right等修饰时；等修饰时；4.先行词既有人也有物先行词既有人也有物5.主句以主句以which,who,what开头的疑问句开头的疑问句.Who that you have ever seen can do it better?有哪些情况关系代词不用有哪些情况关系代词不用thatthat，而用，而用whichwhich，whowho，whomwhom?考点二考点二只用只用which，不用，不用that有机器的房间是车间。有机器的房间是车间。The room _ t

16、here is a machine is a workshop.The room _ there is a machine in is a workshop.in which(which/that)一、非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句二、用在介词后二、用在介词后I have lost the pen,_ I like very much.which1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用指人用who或或whom.He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.Yester

17、day I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for a long time.whichwhichwhowhomFill in the blanks1.Her bag,in which she put all her money,has been stolen.2.This is the ring on which s

18、he spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang,with whom I went to the concert,enjoyed himself very much.2、在介词后面，指事物用、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用，指人用whom.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had

19、 heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。了这个消息。whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which，或，或=of which+the+名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title(=the title of which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句，其先行词既可

20、以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom，或，或=of whom+the+名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)The dress is new.

21、She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that (1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever

22、worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen.四四.介词介词+which/whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则：根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which

23、 I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且关系代词不能，且关系代词不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.I cant find the pen with which I was writing.3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物

24、),who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句作从句中介词的宾语中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：词之前。如：This is the watch(th

25、at/which)I am looking for.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.5.先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引时，引导定语从句的关系词用导定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略。或省略。I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）1.He did a

26、ll/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.that,which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthrough over across