1、完形填空完形填空完形填空题型概况完形填空是一类综合性综合性题目,注重考查语言在篇章语境中的运用,涉及阅读理解能力、综合分析能力及判断能力等。它要求考生通过阅读全文,掌握文章大意,并运用所学知识在限定时间内从所给的选项中选出使文章意思通顺、结构完整、逻辑合理的最佳选项。中考对完型填空的考查主要集中在两个方面:1.测试考生对篇章的理解能力。2.测试考生使用词汇和语法结构的能力。完形填空解题步骤(一)浏览全文,掌握大意 仔细阅读文章的首末段、每段的首末句,掌握文章大意。(二)快速反应,初做答案 阅读文章,快速做出反应,一鼓作气将文中所有能填的空填起来,暂时给不了答案的题,先跳过。(三)逐空验证,查漏
2、补缺 代入答案,通读全文,填补遗留空缺,检查文章是否顺畅,所填单词是否为最佳答案。完形填空解题技巧充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如:Mrs.White asked questions and she didnt scold(责骂)us either.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more【解析】and是一个并列连词;either为副词,用在否定句或否定词末加强语气,由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词。故选 A。完形填空解题技巧注意固定搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根
3、据内容选择正确的短语。例如:Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself so much money.A.forB.byC.toD.of【解析】help oneself to.表示“自取,随便拿,故选 C。注意固定搭配词语的积累 In the west,people feel very proud _themselves when they are praised.So if someone says the dish you have cooked are delicious,you should say,“Tha
4、nk you”A.ofB.outC.byD.in.So I tried hard with my writing and went to college.My first novel while I was at college.A.came onB.came in C.came back D.came out动词与介词或副词的搭配look put takegivecomegetturnup/out/after/for/at/into/throughon/off/up/away/outoff/away/after/over/upup/away/in/in/up with/out/down/fr
5、om/onup/on/off/throughup/down/off/on/into/out/形容词与介词的搭配 be good _ be fond _ be proud _ take pride _ be interested _ be surprised _ be famous _ be filled _ be full _ be afraid _ be angry _ be worried _ be different _ be made _ be made _完形填空解题技巧在此类试题的命制上,往往是以同类的词为主,常常需要去进行具体的辨析并结合短文意思来进行推断。例如:Soon I h
6、eard a like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout【解析】选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音,但B、C、D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音,而sound则表示各种各样的声音。故选A。注意近义词的辨析other/others/the other/the others/another 的辨析other adj.其他的,后接n.others 其他的人/物the other 两个中的另一个the others 其余的人/物,特指某范围中剩余的那一些=the other+复数名词 a
7、nother 另一个(泛指三个及三个以上的另一个)the otheroneanotheroneotherssomethe otherssome完形填空解题技巧即根据文章中所提供的具体示例进行分析,将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选,且将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除,从而便可得出所需答案。例如:Every student must wear their when they are at school.There are many items of uniforms:suits,dresses,shorts,skirts and T-shirts.A.long hairB.thick glasses
8、C.sports shoesD.school uniforms【解析】suits,dresses,shorts,skirts and T-shirts”都属于衣服类,由此推出本段谈论的是在校生穿校服的事情,而不是蓄长发、戴眼镜、穿运动鞋等,故选D。有选择的跳过,答案可能在后文。(二)完形填空解题技巧完形填空是一篇有完整内容的文章,各段、各句之间有着逻辑联系,根据上下文信息或结合常识进行逻辑推断。例如:When we talked,I discovered(发现)some differences in school life between the US and China.For exampl
9、e,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.A.shorter B.longerC.earlier D.later【解析】”fifty minutes in the US”和“forty-five minutes in China”对比,故选B。完形填空解题技巧文化背景知识的积累以及生活常识的灵活运用都是我们解答完形填空题时的法宝。有时候文化背景和生活常识相互交织、彼此渗透。例如:Moth
10、ers Day is celebrated with great zeal(热情)around the world,Australia.Similar to the people of the United States,Australians celebrate the day on the second Sunday of May every year.A.includingB.asC.forD.in【解析】本题考查地理常识,澳大利亚是世界的一部分,故选A。Australia is 1._ the south of the world.June,July and August are th
11、e winter months.Summer is in December,2._ and February.The north of the country is 3._ than the south.1.A.in B.on C.to D.near 2.A.November B.January C.March D.October 3.A.colder B.cooler C.hotter D.warmer 完形填空解题技巧完形填空通常没有标题,且首句不设空。首句常常包含与解题有关的信息,甚至是文章的主题句。考生应该把首句作为突破口,推测文章的主题或事情发生的时间、地点等,进而展开思路,在掌握语
12、篇大意的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。例如:A man is driving home on a cold rainy night.At a bus stop,he sees three people waiting for a bus.The first person is best friend.This friend saved(救)his life years ago.A.herB.hisC.theirD.its【解析】首句“A man is driving home on a cold rainy night.告诉我们三点:人 物A man;时 间on a cold rainynig
13、ht;事件driving home。故选B。完形填空必备技能(一)夯实基础,突破常考单词 在完形填空题中,会遇到确实属于生词,但又不是纯粹的生词。这类词其实就是由构词法衍生出来的单词。我们把这类词称作似曾相识的生词。应对此类生词时,我们可以借助于一些基本的构词知识,猜测词义。1.派生法:一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词 加否定前缀 in-,im-,il-,ir-,un-,dis-eg:im+possible-impossible in+famous-infamous il+legal-illegal ir+regular-irregular un+friendly-unfriendly
14、dis+agree-disagree 加前缀bi-(两个,双边的),inter-(相互,交互,在一起),re-(又,再,重新)eg:bi+cycle-bicycle inter+net-Internet re+use-reuse 构词法 加形容词后缀-ful,-able(ible),-al,-ed,-ing,-y,-less,-ant(ent)eg:change+able-changeable success+ful-successful person+al-personal talent+ed-talented snow+y-snowy fear+less-fearless 加名词后缀-or
15、/er,-ist,-(a)tion,-ese,-ness,-tyeg:sing+er-singer art+ist-artist dark+ness-darkness safe+ty-safety invitation Chinese 加副词后缀 ly(*ly 接名词变成形容词,接形容词变成副词)eg:friend+ly-friendly important+ly-importantly 构词法 加动词后缀 en,(i)fy,ize/ise,ateeg:dark+en-darken person+ify-personify general+ize-generalize celebrtate 2
16、.合成法:两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词eg:warm-hearted sister-in-law grown-up hardworking well-known classmate bookmark face-to-face3.转化法:一个单词由一种词类转换成另一种词类。eg:n.v.book n.书 预订 v.experiment n.实 验 v.做实验 adj.v.dry adj.干的 v.把弄干 v.n.win v.获得 n.胜利语法判断 完型填空多考查动词、名词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时,要注意以下几个方面:a.名词的选择,应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词,注意其性和数的一致。b.动词的选用,要注意词义和惯用搭配,还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。c.选择介词,应注意其惯用法,特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。d.选择代词,要注意性、数、格是否准确。e.选择连词,要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。f.选择形容词和副词,要注意词义的区别,用于比较时,还要注意词形变化。
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