2022年中考英语语法 主谓一致讲解+练习 ppt课件.ppt

1、主谓一致主谓一致学前诊断学前诊断 Tom and Jack _ to Hongkong next week.A.is going B.are going C.go D.goes2.Linda together with her friends _ shopping every Sunday afternoon.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going3.There _ a pair of glasses on the desk,which is made in Taiwan.A.being B.are C.is D.to be4.Either you or Tim

2、_ going to attend the meeting.A.are B.is C.to be D.will be在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数量上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致主谓一致的定义主谓一致的定义5.Every means _ tried but without much result.A.has been B.have been C.are D.is定义定义:谓语要和谓语要和主语主语在人称和数量上保持一致。在人称和数量上保持一致。1,语法语法一致原则一致原则2,意义意义一致原则一致原则3,就近就近一致原则一致原则三原则三原则语法语法一致原则一致原则1.单数名

3、词或不可数名词单数名词或不可数名词 The food they served _(be)delicious.2.动名词动名词,不定式或从句不定式或从句 Skating in winter _(be)great fun.To see _(be)to believe.That he is absent _(worry)all his family.Reading books and watching TV (be)my hobbies.3.a large quantity（amount)of+名词名词 A large amount of water _ what I need now.isisis

4、worriesis多个多个动名词动名词和和不定式不定式做主语，谓语动词用复数做主语，谓语动词用复数are主语从句作主语主语从句作主语,其谓语动词的单复其谓语动词的单复数问题数问题:一个概念的两方面作主语一个概念的两方面作主语,谓语用单数谓语用单数;两个概念则用复数两个概念则用复数.Eg:1)Where and when we shall have the sports meeting _(be)still unknown.2)Where we shall have the sports meeting and who will be responsible for it _(be)still

5、unknown.isare4.不定代词作主语不定代词作主语(any-,some-,every-,no-)口诀口诀不定代词作主语，谓语动词用不定代词作主语，谓语动词用 .除了除了 and .bothall三单三单Either of streets (be)lined by trees and flowers.isBoth of streets (be)lined by trees and flowers.are任意一个两者都注意注意 neither 和和 none 往往根据说话人的意思往往根据说话人的意思,单复数都可以单复数都可以.但但指代不可数名词时只能用单数指代不可数名词时只能用单数.Nei

6、ther of the shirts fit/fits me very well.None of them knows/know the answer.None of this money _ mine.ismore than a：多于一多于一，不止一，不止一more than one+单单n,谓语动词用谓语动词用 .单数单数复数复数More than two friends (have)cars.havemore than two+复复n,谓语动词用谓语动词用 .不止一个不止一个不止两个，两个以上不止两个，两个以上More than one worker_(be)going to lose_

7、(his,their)jobs.istheir5.more than one+单数名词（不止一单数名词（不止一）”，“many a(许多许多)”虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动词与单数名词保持虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动词与单数名词保持一致，习惯上用单数一致，习惯上用单数 many a+单单n许多许多Many a student (be)discussing the problem.is注意注意 and连接词表示同一概念时，谓语动词用连接词表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数单数由由and连接的两个并列名词由连接的两个并列名词由each,every,no,many a 等词等词修饰时修饰时,谓语动词仍用谓语

8、动词仍用单数单数.此类结构为此类结构为:eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many a and many aMany a boy and many a girl _ been there.hasand连接词表示同一概念时，谓语动词用连接词表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数单数The poet and doctor (have)come.hasThe poet and the doctor (have)come.haveThe bread and butter (be)on the table.isThe bread and the butter (be)on

9、 the table.areand兼兼和和夹夹和和那个诗人兼医生那个诗人兼医生那个诗人和那个医生，两个人那个诗人和那个医生，两个人那个夹黄油的面包那个夹黄油的面包面包和黄油面包和黄油冠冠+n and 冠冠+n冠冠+n and n双冠，谓语动词复数双冠，谓语动词复数单冠，谓语动词单数单冠，谓语动词单数and连接词表示同一概念连接词表示同一概念(配套事物配套事物)时，谓语动词用时，谓语动词用单单数数bread and butter奶油面包奶油面包a watch and chain一块带链的手表一块带链的手表a knife and fork刀叉刀叉a coat and tie一件配有领带的上衣一件配

10、有领带的上衣a cart and horse一辆马车一辆马车The glasses (be)on your nose.areThis pair of glasses (be)mine.istrouserspants裤子裤子shortsglasses短裤眼镜glovescompasses手套圆规单独做主语，谓语动词用 。复数和pair连用，谓语动词 。取决于pair的形式This two pairs of shoes (be)mine.areThe teacher together with his students (be)readingbooks now.isNobody but Tom a

11、nd Mary (know)the secret.knows1.当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语,如介词短语如介词短语,谓语谓语动词的单复数只看主语动词的单复数只看主语,不受修饰成分的影响不受修饰成分的影响.主语主语 +with/together with(和和一起一起)as well as(和和一样一样)except/but(除了除了，不再有，不再有)along with(和和一起一起)besides/in addition to(除了除了 还有还有)谓语动词只看主语谓语动词只看主语rather than(而不是而不是)2.当当pair of/kind of/type

12、 of/sort of等作主语时等作主语时,谓语动词与谓语动词与pair/kind/type/sort保持一致保持一致nThis kind of bananas _(taste)delicious.nThese pairs of trousers _(fit)you.tastesfit注意：注意：主语为主语为a large quantity（amount)of+名词，名词，quantities(amounts)of+名词时，谓语动词根据主语名词时，谓语动词根据主语中心词中心词quantity或或amount 的数决定。的数决定。vLarge quantities of water _ poll

13、uted.are3.3.当当分数、百分数，数量分数、百分数，数量+of+of+名词作主语时名词作主语时,谓语与该名词保持一致谓语与该名词保持一致 the rest of剩下的，其余的剩下的，其余的most of大多数大多数the majority/minority of的大多数的大多数/少数少数plenty of大多数大多数half of一半一半分数分数百分数百分数a part of一部分一部分all ofAll of us_ attended the lecture about Pompeii.Most of was lecture _ about how the ancient city

14、was discovered.havewas注意:population,number 1,population 作主语时,谓(单数单数)分数等+population时,谓(复数复数)the population of that country _ very small.seventy-five percent of the population of china _ peasants.2,a number of+名词复数(许多),谓(复数复数)the number of+名词复数(的数量的数量),谓(单数单数)A number of students _(go)to the library.T

15、he number of students _ 40.is aregois一一,谓语用单数谓语用单数,当主语是当主语是:1,单数名语,不可数名词 2,不定式,动名词,从句 3,不定代词(除both,all),(none,neither可单可复,后跟不可数 名词,则只能用单数)4,a large quantity(amount)of+名词 5,many a/more than one+名词二二,谓语用复数谓语用复数,当主语是当主语是:1,复数名词 2,由and或bothand连接并列主语时(and连接词表示同一 概念时;由and连接的两个并列名词由each,every,no,many a 等词修

16、饰时)3.成双成套的词(如trousers,pants单独做主语时,谓用单数,和pair连用时,谓取决于pair的形式)二二,谓语动词根据中心词确定单复数形式谓语动词根据中心词确定单复数形式,当主语是当主语是:1.当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语,如介词短语,谓语动词的单复数只看主语(如with/together with)2.当pair of/kind of/type of/sort of等作主语时,谓语动词与pair/kind/type/sort保持一致3.当分数、百分数，数量+of+名词作主语时,谓语与该名词保持一致.(如the rest of,a part of)4.两个特殊的词:popu

17、lation,number 1)population 作主语时,谓(单数)分数等+population时,谓(复数)2)a number of+名词复数,谓(复数)the number of+名词复数,谓(单数)Fill in the blanks with the right form of the give verbs._(have)your classmates finished their homework?(2)My friend and I _(want)to play outside after watching TV.(3)Most of the students _(pref

18、er)English to Mathematics.(4)Collecting stamps _(be)one of his favorite pastimes.Have wantpreferis Exercise一一.时间金钱问题时间金钱问题 基数词基数词+表表时间时间/距离距离/价值价值或或其他度量其他度量单位的名单位的名词时词时,谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数形式形式,这是由于作主语的这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个名词在概念上是一个整体整体.Ten dollars is a price for that hat.Thirty miles is not a long distan

19、ce.如果把这些数量概念看作组成数量的个体时如果把这些数量概念看作组成数量的个体时,谓语谓语动词用复数动词用复数Ten years have passed since he came to this city.意义一致原则意义一致原则二二.书名书名,报刊名报刊名,戏剧句戏剧句,国家名国家名 当此类名词或词组作主语时,常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式.New York Times is a very good newspaper.The United States was founded in 1776.三三.冠词冠词The+姓氏姓氏+s：表示一家人，谓语动词用表示一家人，谓语动词用 。复数复

20、数The+adj：表示一类人，谓语动词用表示一类人，谓语动词用 。复数复数The Blacks (be)watching TV now.areThe good (be)happy.arethe dead死人死人the living活人活人the rich富人富人the poor穷人穷人the sick病人病人the young年轻人年轻人the old老人老人the disabled残疾人残疾人the blind盲人盲人“the+adj.”指个人或抽象概念时,谓语用_ 形式.单数The beauty is loved by all.Our team _ very important to me

21、.Our team _ now making their way to Xinjiang.The cattle_ eating grass near the river.特殊特殊4：集合名词集合名词 people,police,cattle 作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词无论什么时候都应当使用复数形式。无论什么时候都应当使用复数形式。isareare四四.集体名词集体名词团队的词确定单复数团队的词确定单复数family单数单数classteamclubgroup家人家人同学同学队员队员成员成员组员组员家庭家庭班级班级队队俱乐部俱乐部组组复数复数指团队中的成员，就用指团队中的成员，就用复数

22、。复数。指整个团队，就用指整个团队，就用单数。单数。团队的词确定单复数团队的词确定单复数My family (be)very small.isMy family (be)having lunch now.areThe police _ searching the lost boy.aren五.单复数形式相同的名词 sheep deer means aircraft 等 根据具体意义决定 Every means _ been tried.=All means _ been tried.hashave意义一致原则要点总结意义一致原则要点总结n一一.时间时间,距离距离,金钱金钱,度量衡度量衡n二二.

23、书名书名,报刊名报刊名,戏剧句戏剧句,国家名国家名n三三.The+姓氏姓氏+s(一家人一家人)The+adj(一类人一类人)n四.集体名词集体名词n五五.单复数形式相同的名词(如sheep deer)either A or Bneither A nor B就近一致原则就近一致原则not only A but also Bthere be A and B或者或者 A 或者或者 B既不既不 A 也不也不 B不但不但 A 而且而且 B有有 A 和和 B谓语与最靠近的名词（代词）保持一致。谓语与最靠近的名词（代词）保持一致。Either you or he (be)right.isEither he

24、or you (be)right.areBoth you and he (be)right.Both he and you (be)right.areareboth A and B：两者都两者都，不适用就近原则。，不适用就近原则。就近原则就近原则Not only the childen but also their father (like)playing computer games.likesNot only their father but also the childen (like)playing computer games.likeEither the team leader o

25、r the guides _looking after the students.Not only the guides but also the team leader _ looking after the students.There _ two pencils and a knife in my pencil box.areisare(1)_(be)your family a big one?(2)All my family _(get)up early in the morning.(3)Neither his father nor his mother _(play)the pia

26、no.(4)The remains of the old castle _(be)destroyed in World War Two.(5)Not only Jim but also his Parents _(be)going to see you next Sunday.arewereplaysgetIs 1.All the professional personnel _ invited to attend the meeting.A.have B.were C.has D.was2.Every doctor and every nurse _ a new hospital for S

27、ARS patients.A.has founded B.have found C.expects to found D.has to be found3.The number of students in this school _.A.is increasing B.are increasing C.is increased D.are increasedBCA6)不定代词不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名所修饰的名词词 及及eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many a and many a结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用结构作主语时，谓语动词

28、仍用单数形式。如：单数形式。如：_5.You,who_ his good friend,should help him get out of trouble.A.am B.is C.are D.was6.A pair of shoes _ under the bed.A.was B.were C.has been D.have been7.Many a student _ the film now.A.has seen B.had seen C.have seen D.saw4.The questions which _ to yours are not easy to answer.A.is

29、 the same B.are different C.is like D.are similarDCAA_如果主语有如果主语有more than one 或或many a 构成，尽管从意义上看构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如：然用单数形式。如：8.The police _ the lost boy all day.A.is searching for B.are searching for C.searches for D.search9.Not only I but also she _ this.A.know B.knows C

30、.am known D.known10.The news that she is coming to visit us _ exciting.A.is B.was C.were D.areDBA主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were surrounding the government official.people,police,cattle_并列主语用连词并列主语用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接，谓语应同相邻的等连接，谓语应同相邻的主语保持

31、人称和数的一致。主语保持人称和数的一致。13.Five minus three _ two.A.is B.are C.was D.were14.Twenty dollars _ enough for the coat.A.is B.are C.was D.were11.The crowd _ for their lives A.were run B.were running C.was run D.was runningBAA当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：_15.The first tw

32、o questions were easy,but the rest of them _ not.A.was B.were C.being D.to be16.Either Tom or I _ to blame.A.to be B.am C.are D.is17._ good exercise.A.Climbing hills is B.Climbing the hill is C.The climbing hills are D.The climbing of hills areBBA 如果名词词组的中心词是如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,rest,some,neither,non

33、e,no等词，等词，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之用单形式；反之用单 数。如：数。如：18.Something _ gone wrong with my TV set.A.has B.have C.is D.are19.This is one of the best films that _ this year.A.is appearing B.appear C.has appeared D.have appeared20.Half of the students _ made the same mistake.A.has B.have C.is D.a

34、re21.The old _ taken good care of in our country.A.is B.has C.are D.haveADBC_ 关系代词which,who,that在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。half of,(a)part of修饰可数名词修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时，谓单数及不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。_“the形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：the brave,the poor,the rich,the bl

35、ind,the young,the old,the sick,the wounded,the injured,the unemployed,the dying,the living 等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。22.Each soldier and each sailor _ a thick coat.A.are given B.was given C.being given D.were given23.Where _ dirt,there are flies.A.there has B.

36、is C.there is D.there are24.A fork and knife _ on the table.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been25.When and where to build the factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decidedCAAB_a watch and chain 一块带链的表一块带链的表 a needle and thread/a coat and tie配有领带的上衣配有领带的上衣A knife

37、 and fork is needed for a western meal.吃西餐时要用刀和叉。吃西餐时要用刀和叉。The cart and horse is coming.马车来了。马车来了。(配套事物配套事物)26.Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs _ popular with people of all ages since it was made into the first full-length cartoon.A.were B.was C.has been D.is27.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was

38、C.has been D.were28.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.A.is B.are C.were D.has been29.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.knows B.know C.have known D.is knownCDAA形复意单的单词有：形复意单的单词有：news，works 和一些和一些以以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称（如：结尾的书名、组织机构的名称（如：“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”，the United States,the United Nations）以及以以及以ics结尾的学科名称（如：结尾的学科名称（如：physics，politics，maths，economics等）。等）。当主语后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。单、复数而定。_