2022年中考英语专题语法复习ppt课件07 动词及动词短语.pptx

1、Made by Qianmo-studioMade by Qianmo-studio语法复习07 动词及动词短语Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点思维导图Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查 行为动词分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两类,能独立作句子的谓语。1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。（正）Yesterday I bought a book.（误）Yesterday I bought.2.不及物动词后面不跟宾语,句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词,构成动词短语。She cried

2、yesterday.她昨天哭了。Please listen to the teacher carefully.请认真听老师讲课。考点一 行为动词Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查3.延续性动词和非延续性动词（1）延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”、“since+从句”、“since+表示时间点的名词”等。I have lived in Beijing for 13 years.我在北京已经住了13年了。I have been like this since Friday.从周五开始我就一直这样。（2）非延续性

3、动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状语连用。（误）I have bought the bike for three years.（正）I have had the bike for three years.这辆自行车我买了三年了。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（3）常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。非延续性延续性非延续性延续性leavebe awayborrowkeepbuyhavebegin/startbe ondiebe dead finishbe overbecomebe marrybe marriedput onweargo out

4、be outopenbe open Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点二 系动词 系动词是连接主语和表语的动词,构成“主系表”结构,主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。系动词无被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。种类例词表示“存在、状态”的系动词be,remain,keep,stay“感官”系动词look,feel,smell,sound,taste表示“变化”的系动词become,go,get,grow,turnQianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查The yellow flower is very beautiful.这朵黄色的花非常漂亮

5、。The cheese cake tastes so good that I cant wait to eat it.这个芝士蛋糕味道这么好,我迫不及待地想吃。He looks very sad.他看上去很伤心。As I grow older,I like to reread the classics regularly.随着年龄的增长,我喜欢定期重读文学名著。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点三 助动词 助动词主要有be,do,does,did,have,has,had,will,would,shall,should等。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和

6、实义动词一起构成谓语。We are working hard in the garden.我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。（be动词构成现在进行时）He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt构成否定句）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查Do you live in Shanghai?你住在上海吗?（do构成一般疑问句）Have you finished the work?你完成工作了吗?（have构成现在完成时）The house was painted purple.房子被刷成了紫色。（be动词构成被动语态）I will call you t

7、his evening.今晚我会打电话给你。（will构成一般将来时）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点四 情态动词 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not,其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。初中阶段学过的情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,need,will/would,shall/should。情态动词有一定的含义,但不能单独使用,须与动词原形一起构成谓语。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查分类用法例句can 与be able to两者都表示能力,意为“能够;可以”。be able t

8、o可用于任何时态,can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时can和could（can的过去式）还可以表示请求或推测cant 可表示否定推测They will be able to tell you the news soon.他们很快就能告诉你消息了。Could I have the television on?我可以开着电视吗?（请求）Yes,you can./No,you cant.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。That cant be Mr.Wang.He has gone to Beijing.那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。（推测）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考

9、点速查分类用法例句may与might两者都表示“可能;可以;请求;许可”,might的语气较为委婉might（may的过去式）有三种用法:表示过去式;使语气更加委婉、客气;表示的可能性更小May I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?Yes,you may./No,you mustnt/cant.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。Might I borrow some money now?现在我可以借点钱吗?He might be alive.他可能还活着。（续表）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查分类用法例句have to与must两者都表示“必须”。must

10、表示说话人的主观意愿;have to表示客观需要must可以表示肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”,其否定形式为mustnt,意为“禁止;不准;不许”对must构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,must.”,否定回答用“No,neednt.”或“No,dont/doesnt have to.”My brother was badly ill.I had to call the doctor.我弟弟病得很重。我不得不把医生请来。I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。The man must be our teacher.那个人一定是我们的老师。（

11、推测）You mustnt drive after drinking.你酒后一定不要驾车。Must I go home now?我必须现在回家吗?No,you neednt/dont have to.不,你不必。（续表）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查分类用法例句shall与shouldshall常用于第一人称,表示提建议或请求;should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,强调义务或责任,也可表示劝言或建议Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗?（提建议）You should study hard at school.你们在学校应该努力

12、学习。（劝告）will与wouldwill用于第二人称疑问句时,表示征求意见或提建议;would为will的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿 Your parents will try their best to help you.你的父母会尽最大的努力来帮助你。Would you like to go shopping with me?你愿意和我去购物吗?（续表）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查分类用法例句needneed作情态动词时,表示“需要;有必要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为neednt,表示“没有必要;不必”;对need构成的一般疑问句进行回

13、答时,肯定回答用“Yes,must.”,否定回答用“No,neednt.”need 还可以用作实义动词,常用于以下两种结构:need to do sth.需要做某事;need doing sth.某事需要被做She neednt go there right now.她现在没必要去那里。Need I come?我需要来吗?Yes,you must.是的,你必须来。I need to learn more.我需要学习更多。My hair needs cutting.我的头发该剪了。（续表）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【归纳】情态动词表推测的用法:（1）在肯定句中一

14、般用must（一定）,may/might（可能）,could（也许;或许）,其中must表推测的语气最强,其余依次减弱。（2）在否定句中一般用cant（不可能）。（3）在疑问句中用can/could（可能）。Can the red sweater be Toms?这件红色的毛衣会是汤姆的吗?No,it cant.He cant stand red.不,不可能。他忍受不了红色。（续表）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点五 动词短语1.动词短语的构成（1）动词+副词:常见的有take off,write down,hand in,fix up等。这类动词短语的宾语如果

15、是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。Hand in your homework.把你的作业交上来。（2）动词+介词:常见的有ask for,care about,look for,look after,laugh at,hear of,lead to,wait for等。Dont laugh at the people who are in trouble.不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（3）动词+名词:常见的有have fun,play sports,take place等。这类

16、动词短语相当于不及物动词。This story took place three years ago.这个故事发生在三年前。（4）动词+副词+介词:常见的有look down upon,go on with,add up to,catch up with,do well in,run out of等。Study hard,and you will catch up with your classmates.努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学。（5）动词+名词+介词:常见的有take care of,pay attention to等。She often takes care of her young

17、er sister.她经常照顾她的妹妹。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.常考动词短语归纳（1）belong to 属于begin with 以开始be used for 被用来be used to 习惯于be interested in 对感兴趣be supposed to 应该be made in 在生产或制造be made of/from 由制成Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）come true 实现come over 过来;顺便来访come on 来吧;加油;赶快come out 开花;发芽;出现;出来;出版;发表come

18、 up with 提出,想出clean up 把打扫干净cheer up 使高兴起来Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（3）do ones best 尽某人最大努力do well in 在方面干得好do ones homework 做作业do some reading 阅读dream of 梦想dress up 装扮Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（4）get on 上车get off 下车get back 回来;取回get to 到达get on/along with 与相处融洽get married 结婚give out 分发give

19、away 赠送give up 放弃Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（5）have a look 看一看have a rest 休息have a cold 感冒have a good time 过得愉快have a headache 头痛have a try 尝试;努力have sports 进行体育活动have dinner 吃晚餐Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（6）look for 寻找look out 留神,注意;向外看look up 向上看,抬头看;查阅look after 照顾,照看look at 看;观看look like 看

20、起来像look the same 看起来一样look forward to 盼望,期待Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（7）make friends 交朋友 make phone calls 打电话make a noise 吵闹 make faces 做鬼脸make room for 给腾出地方make a decision 做出决定make a mistake 犯错误make up ones mind 下决心make a living 谋生 make progress 取得进步Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（8）put on 上演;穿

21、上;戴上put up 挂起;举起put down 把放下来put away 把收起来put off 推迟put out 扑灭,熄灭pick up 捡起pass on 传递pay for 为付款Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（9）take off 脱掉;起飞take photos 照相take out 取出take a seat 坐下take part in 参加take care of 照顾,照料take exercise 做运动take ones place 坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务in turn 依次,轮流Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查talk about 谈话,交谈talk to/with 和交谈turn on 打开（电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等）turn off 关闭（电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等）turn up 调高音量turn down 调低音量;拒绝turnover 把翻过来think of 认为;想起think about 考虑