第十二节句子种类 2021年广东中考英语复习ppt课件.pptx

1、句子按使用目的和语气可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一、定义一、定义用来陈述一个事实或表达一种观点的句子叫作陈述句，分为肯定和否定两种形式，一般用降调，句末用句号。考考点点精精讲讲二、常用的将肯定句改为否定句的方法二、常用的将肯定句改为否定句的方法如果肯定陈述句的谓语动词是be，助动词have或情态动词时，在它们之后加not构成否定式；如果谓语中不含上述动词而只有行为动词，则在其前加助动词do(第三人称单数形式用does，过去式用did)，再加not构成否定式。()1.Whats the matter,Jenny?_something wrong with my bike.A.It

2、 has B.I have C.It is D.There is()2.Mary and Tom _ have any basketballs,so they want to buy one.A.dont B.doesnt C.isnt D.arent考考点点演演练练D DA A考考点点精精讲讲1.一般疑问句(回答用Yes/No开头，答句的主语用代词)be动词或助动词或情态动词主语谓语动词原形其他？Will she go？她会去吗？Yes，she will./No，she wont.是的，她会。/不，她不会。续表续表2.特殊疑问句(以特殊疑问词wh-或 h-开头，答语为陈述句)（1）特殊疑问词

3、（不作主语或主语的定语）一般疑问句？How much did David weigh at the age of three？(不作主语）戴维三岁时有多重？（2）特殊疑问词（作主语或主语的定语）陈述句？Who can help me?（作主语）谁能帮我？How many people can help me?（作主语的定语）多少人可以帮我？续表续表3.选择疑问句(要用完整的句子回答)(1)一般疑问句选项A or选项B？Do most young men like popular music or rock music？大部分年轻男士喜欢流行音乐还是摇滚音乐？Rock music.摇滚音乐。(2

4、)特殊疑问句，选项A or 选项B？Which do most young men like，popular music or rock music？大部分年轻男士喜欢什么音乐，流行音乐还是摇滚音乐？Rock music.摇滚音乐。熟熟记 常见的特殊疑问词(代词和副词)和特殊疑问句词组what什么(可用来询问职业)which哪一个when什么时候why为什么how如何；怎样where(在)哪里who谁whom谁（宾格）whose谁的what time几点what day星期几what colour什么颜色what/how about 怎么样 how much多少；多少钱how many多少ho

5、w far多远how long多长；多久how soon过多久how often多久一次how old多大how heavy多重how big多大how tall/high多高how deep多深()1._is your father?Hes an engineer in a big factory.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Where考考点点演演练练B B()2._ is it from your home to school?Its about 10 kilometers by car.A.How farB.How longC.How soonD.How often()3._

6、 do you go to Mrs.Rainbows colour therapy(治疗)?Once every two weeks.A.How oftenB.How soonC.How longD.How farA AA A表建议、命令、请求、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等的句子叫作祈使句。第二人称祈使句的肯定形式通常省略主语you而以动词原形开头，否定形式在句子前面加Dont。中考对祈使句的考查往往从其构成和答语两个方面入手。考考点点精精讲讲1.以动词原形开头Pass him the coffee，please.请给他递咖啡。Dont pass him the coffee.别给他递咖啡。2.以let

7、开头(否定形式为let sb.not do)Let her go.让她走。Let her not go.别让她走。3.Never动词原形Never pass him the coffee.不要给他递咖啡。4.No名词或动名词No litter！勿乱扔垃圾！补补充充 如果祈使句是非动词，则肯定句由be开头，其否定也是加dont。如：Be quiet.保持安静。Be early for school,please.请早到学校。Be at home.待在家里。Dont be noisy.不要吵闹。Dont be late for school.不要上学迟到。Dont be out.别出去。()1.B

8、oys and girls,_ learning and have fun.A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept()2._carefully,please!Look at the road sign.There is a school ahead.A.Drive B.To drive C.Driving D.Drives考考点点演演练练A AA A()3.David,_ make trouble at school.A.cantB.never C.doesnt D.do()4.Peter,_ noisy.The baby is sleeping.A.beB.don

9、t C.doesnt D.doB BB B感叹句指的就是用以表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。用感叹词what或how引导(此时的what/how意为“多么”)，常见句式如下：考考点点精精讲讲1.what引导（谓语有时态和语态变化）(1)Whata/an形容词可数名词单数(主语谓语)！=How+形容词+a+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!(2)What形容词可数名词复数或不可数名词（主语谓语）！What a slow train(this is)！这列火车开得多慢呀！What an enjoyable experience(it was)！多么令人愉快的经历啊！What a good day

10、weve had today!=How good a day weve had today!我们今天度过了多么美好的一天啊！What clever boys(they are)！他们是多么聪明的男孩啊！What nice weather(it is)！天气真好！续表续表2.how引导（谓语有时态和语态变化）(1)How形容词或副词主语谓语！How nice(it was)！多好呀！How well the girl plays！那个女孩演奏得多好啊！(2)How主语谓语（行为动词）！（感叹谓语或全句）How I missed you！我多么想念你啊！How he wished for a dr

11、ink！他多希望能有点东西喝！附附 感叹句的引导词感叹句的引导词whatwhat和和howhow的选用的选用 要想判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how，可以先把“主谓+其他”部分去掉。若最后一个词是名词，则用what（如果是可数名词单数则用what a/an,如果是可数名词复数或不可数名词则用what)；若是形容词或副词，则用how。若没有主语和谓语，则看句末最后一词而定。若句末最后一词是名词，则用what（如果是可数名词单数则用what a/an,如果是可数名词复数或不可数名词则用what)；若是形容词或副词，则用how；若既没有要感叹的名词也没有要感叹的形容词和副词，而是感叹谓语或全句，

12、则也用how。如：What a fat duck it is!(主谓是it is,把它们去掉，最后一词是duck，是名词，故用What)How fast the cat runs to catch the mouse!(主谓是the cat runs,把它们及后面的其他部分去掉，最后一词是fast，是副词，故用How)What helpful inventions!(本句没有主谓，最后一词是inventions，是名词，故用What)How I want to join you!(本句没有要感叹的名词、形容词和副词，而是感叹谓语，故用How)()1._ sweet song it is！A.H

13、ow B.How a C.What a D.What()2.Id like to have some more soup._ delicious it is！A.What B.What a C.How D.How a考考点点演演练练C CC C()3._fine weather it is today！Lets go out and enjoy the sunshine！Sounds great！A.What B.How C.How a D.What a A A反意疑问句反意疑问句反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问,也可以表示说话者的某种倾向、强调或反问。反意疑问句有前后两个部分,若前一部分为肯定式

14、,后一部分一般用否定式;若前一部分为否定式,后一部分一般用肯定式。后一部分为省略的一般疑问句（即只保留第一和第二个单词，第二个单词为主语，并一定是代词）。知知识识拓拓展展提提升升1.反意疑问句的陈述部分（第一部分）带有not，no，little,few,never,hardly,seldom,nobody,nothing,no one,none,neither等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。回答时若客观事实是肯定就用yes,后面也用肯定式，意为“不，是”；若客观事实为否定则用no,后面也用否定式，意为“是的，不是”。如:Tom was not late,was he?汤姆没有迟到，是吗？Y

15、es,he was.不，他迟到了。He is hardly able to swim,is he?他几乎不会游泳，是吗？No,he isnt.是的，他不能。2.如果前面为肯定，后面为否定，则答语与中文相同。如：He has come back,hasnt he?他已经回来了，不是吗？Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.是的，他已经回来了。/不，他还没回。3.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的(即：有un-,dis-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词),当作肯定句处理,其后的问句部分依然用否定结构。如:It is unfair,isnt it?这不公平，是吗？H

16、e dislikes English,doesnt he?他不喜欢英语，是吗？句子种类主要在语法选择和短文填空中考查。具体如下：1.语法选择：考查陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句的用法。针对此类试题，考生要熟记陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句的基本结构及其用法，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。如：_39_ high my butterfly flies!(2020广东)A.WhatB.What aC.What anD.How解析解析：此处考感叹句的用法，除去主谓my butterfly flies外，还剩high。high是形容词。所以答案选D。2.短文填空：短文填空对句子种类的考查主要是陈述句、疑

17、问句、祈使句和感叹句的表意功能。根据句子意思，选填正确的词完成句子。近几年广东中考里很少在短文填空中考到句子种类，所以此处无例子。一、语法选择一、语法选择(专练专练)Once,there was an old man,Colonel Hartland Sanders,who was broke（破产的）,living in a small house and owned a bad car.He was given$99 per month for a living by the government.At the age of 65,Mr.Sanders decided _ some cha

18、nges.He began to think about _ something he could.Suddenly,he thought of his secret chicken recipe（食谱）,which all of his friends spoke highly of.1 12 2With the idea,Mr.Sanders left Kentucky.He traveled to different states _ tried to sell his recipe.He told every restaurant owner that he had _ delicio

19、us chicken recipe.He even offered the recipe to them just _ free._ great deal（交易）,right?Unluckily,Mr.Sanders seemed like a crazy stupid man.The old man heard NO over 1,000 times._ didnt he give up?Because he strongly believed his chicken recipe was something special.3 34 45 56 67 7Before the old man

20、 heard the first YES,he had got 1,009 NOs already.From then on,the way to eat chicken _ by Colonel Hartland Sanders in America.Kentucky Fried Chicken,which is popularly known as KFC nowadays,was born.It sells _ than any other fast food store around the world.Remember,never _ and always believe in yo

21、urself.Even though you have heard lots of NOs before,just try one last time.8 89 91010()1.A.makeB.madeC.to makeD.making()2.A.doB.didC.to doD.doing()3.A.andB.butC.orD.if()4.A.aB.anC.theD./()5.A.inB.toC.asD.forC CD DA AA AD D()6.A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a()7.A.WhenB.WhichC.WhyD.What()8.A.changeB.chang

22、edC.was changedD.were changed()9.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.the best()10.A.give upB.gives upC.giving upD.gave upB BC CC CC CA A二、短文填空二、短文填空(专练专练)请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在横线上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。Dear Fatima,Thank you for your letter.Now I want to tell you _ about my trip to Paris Disneyland.I went there w

23、ith my family last week._ great the trip was!11111212First we _ to see the Sleeping Beautys Castle.My younger sister Annette liked that best.When we got into the castle,we _ say anything because we didnt want to wake up the sleeping lady.Visitors around us did the same as us._ a quiet place it was!W

24、e went to the Pirates of the Caribbean area.We visited it in a boat.I really thought we were living in those exciting times,131314141515_ without the danger of course.At last we arrived at the Peter Pan ride.We wanted to fly through the air over London.There _ also a ride that actually went upside d

25、own.I didnt dare to get on it,but my dad _.161617171818Do you often go out for a trip?_ you usually go on vacation with your family or by yourself?Do you often buy some gifts for your family while traveling?I want to know more about you.Please _ to me soon!Love,Louise1919202011._12._13._14._15._16._17._18._19._20._somethingsomethingHowHowwentwentdidntdidntWhatWhatbutbutwaswasdiddidDoDowritewrite