高中英语高考复习传统文化考点素材（中华习俗）.doc

1、高考英语中华习俗考点素材一、餐桌礼仪Table Manners(1) Table manners in China are quite different from those of westeners.In China,its okay to talk while eating.However,you may regard it as rude.You will considered a well-connected,sociable man, if you keep involved in the conversation all the time.Dont eat fast! Peopl

2、e usually keep their dining pace accorded with others. And all the dishes should not be eaten up completely.It is a custom and good manners to serve tea to a guest who comes to pay a visit. There is no need to ask if he needs it or not.It wouldnt be considered rude behavior if he doesnt even take a

3、single drop. But hed better receive the teacup with both hands and bow his thanks when the cup is brought before his face. When the host pours hot water into his cup, he may also choose to tap his index finger on the table,meaning”thanks”. No matter if he likes it or not,it is impolite if he doesnt

4、even lay a finger on the cup.中国的餐桌礼仪和西方的差别还是很大的中国人认为吃饭时可以说话,相反你们会觉得这很没礼貌如果在饭桌上你积极参与谈话,别人会觉得你一定是个善于交际人缘很好的人不要吃得太快,人们往往要跟其他人吃饭的进度保持一致各个盘子都应该留下一点别吃完给上门拜访的客人上茶确实是风俗礼节,不需要问他要不要喝茶,或者要不要别的东西茶端到他面前的时候,他最好双手接住茶杯,欠身致谢主人给他倒茶时,他也可以在桌面上轻叩几下食指,表示“叩首谢谢”不管他喜不喜欢,要是连碰都不碰一下茶杯,那就有失礼貌了二、餐桌礼仪Table Manners(2)Table manners

5、 are very strict during a Chinese meal. Respect has to be given to the elderly. Each time a dish is served, everyone has to wait until the elder person starts or , “to cut the ribbon”.The food is brought to the table all the same time so everybody is on the same starting line. This lacks the warm at

6、mosphere which prevails at a Chinese dinner.This may be the reason why it is always noisy at a Chinese dinner but quiet in a Western restaurant.Alcohol is a medium for communicating emotion in China. Drinking with business partners or would-be friends is a way of solidifying friendship, especially i

7、n Northern China.You will be set free at a Western banquet.It seems we are keen to make it as convenient as possibleto savor the wine,its color,its aroma and its delicate taste.The most important thing is that the goblet,table-cloth,and plates should be made shiningly clean,so that the color of the

8、wine is clearly visible and the delicate aroma and taste are fully appreciable.At the Western table,remember to avoid talking so loundly,or talking with a mouthful food.中餐还有严格的餐桌礼仪长辈要受到尊重一盘菜上来,大家要先让长者举筷,这被称作“剪彩”西餐中每个人点的菜都同时端上,大家在同一时间开始用餐,缺少了中国人相互礼让的过程,友好的气氛就差了许多这也许就是中国人吃饭热热闹闹,西方人的餐桌相对安静的原因吧在中国,喝酒时情感

9、交流的介质尤其是在北方,和业务伙伴或者“准朋友”喝酒可以增进感情西式酒宴上,你可就自由了,我们乐意为品酒创造便利,品味就的颜色气味和口感所以有一点是很重要的,那就是酒杯桌布和盘子都要擦得一尘不染,为的就是使就的颜色清楚可见,酒的口感和气味也能感受出来在西餐桌上,记得不要大声说话,或边嚼边说话【拓展】文化差异1. Chewing with your mouth open.张开嘴咀嚼食物This is the opposite of Chinese Culture where they appreciate that you make noise while eating. Westerners

10、feel this is disgusting and shows a complete lake of manners. Chew with your mouth shut!中国人喜欢在咀嚼食物的时候发出声响,与中国文化相反,西方人认为这种行为极为讨厌,是缺乏礼貌的表现嚼东西的时候要闭上嘴巴2. Speaking with your mouth full.说话时满嘴食物This is considered quite rude when at the table. Western children are taught from a very early age never to do th

11、is.在餐桌上,这被认为是非常粗鲁的行为西方人从小就受这方面的教导3. Picking teeth / Sucking teeth. 剔牙 / 吮牙It is considered rude to pick between your teeth where others can see you. Western restaurants usually do not supply toothpicks so it is sometimes hard to decide when to remove food stuck between the teeth. It is usually best

12、to excuse yourself and go into the bathroom.当着他人的面剔牙是很不礼貌的西餐厅通常不提供牙签,所以有时候很难决定什么时候该剔牙当确实需要清理牙缝间的食物时,最好是上洗手间4. Elbows on the table.手肘支在桌上While eating you should be sitting straight up. Do not put your elbows on the table. Putting your elbows on the table will make you look like a farmer.用餐时应该身体坐直,手肘不

13、要支在餐桌上把手肘放在桌子上会让你看起来像个农民5. Spitting food (bones, skin, etc.) out of your mouth. 直接从嘴里吐出食物(骨皮等)This is not done in Western restaurants. If you do need to take something out of your mouth, bring your napkin up to your mouth and place the item in it.在西方的餐厅里你是见不到这一幕的真要这样做的话,应该把纸巾拿到嘴边,吐在纸巾上6. Picking up

14、your plate or bowl. 捧起碗碟They think that only children do this. Dont lean over and slurp from the plate on the table either. Food must be transported from the dish to your mouth with a fork or a spoon. If youre nervous about using a knife and fork, buy a set and practice at home until you feel comfor

15、table.西方人觉得这是小孩子才会有的举动也不要把嘴放在碗边直接吸取食物要用勺子或叉子把食物放进嘴里如果你不习惯用刀叉,那就买一套放在家里练习如何使用,直到运用自如7. Speaking loudly. 大声讲话All Westerners try to keep the conversation to their own table. If the whole restaurant can hear you, you are speaking too loudly and it will be considered rude. In fact, some westerners find i

16、t difficult to do business in Chinese restaurants because the noise level is just too high.用餐时,西方人只会与同桌的人交谈如果整个餐厅都会听到你的“演讲”,那你的声音就太大了实际上,一些西方人认为在中国的餐馆里谈生意是件很困难的事情,因为噪音太大了8. Passing gas / Belching / Burping. 放屁 / 打嗝This is considered rude in any situation. If you do need to pass gas, excuse yourself

17、and go to the bathroom. Of course sometimes this is out of your control. If you accidentally pass gas loudly in front of others, you need to say, “excuse me” and quickly start talking about something to distract the people around you. DO NOT discuss any details about your gas, or any bodily function

18、 at the table.在任何场合下放屁或打嗝都是不雅的如果确实需要的话,要上洗手间解决当然也有失控的时候如果不小心当众放了响屁,要说“对不起”,而且要很快转移话题千万不要大谈特谈“人之气”,也不要再餐桌上谈论任何与身体器官有关的内容9. Cleaning ears with fingernails. 用指甲挖耳孔This is not done in public. It shouldnt be done in private either! Its dangerous. Use a cotton swab!千万不要再大庭广众下用指甲挖耳在没人的地方也不要这样做!用指甲挖很危险,最好用棉

19、签10.Smoking. 吸烟While others are still eating or even when everyone has finished eating, it is polite to ask their permission if you can smoke at the table. In many western restaurants you will be asked if you prefer to be seated in the smoking or non-smoking section. If your host chooses the non-smo

20、king section, you will have to excuse yourself from the table to smoke.当其他人还没有吃完,或者就算所有人都用完餐,如果要抽烟的话,要礼貌地征得大家的许可在很多西餐厅里,你会闻到是愿意在吸烟区还是非吸烟区就差那如果主人选择了非吸烟区,那你想抽烟时要征得同桌人的同意到外面去抽三、中国人崇尚的颜色Chinas Favorite ColorsChinese people seem to like the red and yellow clors a lot. The two colors are used for the Chin

21、ese national flag.Maybe because the Hans originated in the Yellow River Plateau, a region where yellow was the prevailing color.Yellow was also the color representing the imperial court in traditional China. During the Sui Dynasty, yellow was officially designated as the exlusive color for the imper

22、ial family.In olden times, a person could be beheaded for the misuse of yellow.Red represents happiness. For example, the word“double happiness”used for wedding is red. The bride wears red clothes, which is different from the white gowns of the West.During Chinese Spring Festival, people will give h

23、ong bao, or red envelopes with money inside to the children as well wishes. Couplets hanging on both sides of the doors are written in red.中国人似乎很喜欢红黄两色中国的国旗就是由这两种颜色组成这也许是因为汉民族的发源地是黄土高原,这个地域满目黄土之色在中国古代,黄色是皇权的象征从隋朝起,黄色成为皇家专用的颜色古时,用错了黄色会杀头红是喜庆的象征比如结婚时的双喜字是红色的,新娘要穿红色的嫁衣,这与西方穿白色婚纱不同春节时,送晚辈压岁钱要用红纸包了,称“红包”

24、,以示吉祥对联也是用红纸书写,贴在大门的两侧四、喝茶The Tea-Drinking(1) Believe it or not, tea is the most popular beverage in the world afer water.China is the homeland of tea.Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world , was invented by accident.Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the boiling water and

25、remained there before some time.The emperor Shen Nung noticed that leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell.The tea bag was not made with drinking in mind.A tea importer was sending out samples of tea that were packaged in silk bags. Not knowing any better, his customers put the entire bags int

26、o the pot and added hot water. It turned out that the tea tasted fine,and the customers liked how easy the bags were to clean up.你知道吗?除了水,世界上最受欢迎的饮料就是茶了茶起源于中国你知道吗?世界上最流行的饮料茶,是在偶然的机会里被发明出来的当时附近树上落下几片叶子,飘到开水里,在水里煮了一会儿神农帝发现开水中的叶子产生一种香香的味道茶包本来不是用来喝茶的曾有一位茶叶进口商送了一些用丝质袋子包装的茶叶样品给顾客他的顾客不知情,将整个袋子放在茶壶里泡热水结果发现茶

27、的为傲不错,而且用袋子就比较清理,顾客很喜欢这点五、The Tea-Drinking(2) 喝茶The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of “savoring”.In classical novels, if someone drinks tea out of a big cup to quench his thirst, the word used to illustrate this action is “drink”, like a cow drinking wat

28、er.Scholars would use fine cups to drink tea and the word to use is “savour”.In the old days, people used iron kettles to boil water. Tea was placed in a paper bag. Porcelain cups were used for drinking.The water came from melted snow which was collected from plum blossom trees the previous winter a

29、nd stored underground in a jar. No one collects snow any more because of pollution so people use bottled water instead.Tea has categories:red tea, green tea, Wulong tea and Puer tea. The first three types of tea are processed using similar methods but Puer tea uses a totally different method. It con

30、tains a kind of fungus which is believed to be healthy. The fungus will ferment on its own after the tea is processed. Thats why expensive Puer tea is always quite old.中国人饮茶,注重一个“品”字在古典小说中,某人用大杯喝茶解渴被称为“饮”,指此人像牛般饮水;而雅士用精致的茶具喝茶被称为“品”古人用铁壶烧水,用纸袋装茶,用瓷杯饮茶泡茶的水是前一年冬天从梅花树上收集起来的,装在瓷坛中埋入地下的雪水因为污染,没有人再收集雪水泡茶,取

31、而代之的是瓶装矿泉水茶大概分为这样几种:红茶绿茶乌龙茶和普洱茶前三种茶的制作方法是一样的,普洱茶的制作方法则不同普洱茶本身含有一种有益的霉菌,在制成后会随着时间而自然发酵这也是普洱茶年头越长越值钱的原因六、The Secret of Numbers 数字的秘密In Cantonese, the number “8” has a similar pronounciation to,the word “prosper.”Guangdong is one of the first provinces to benefit from Chinas open policy. There is a lot

32、 of temptation to become wealthy , so “8”is a lucky number for people in Guangdong.“6”is often associated with smoothness. Many people like to choose a date for their weddings which includes the number “6”.In contrast, “4”is the least favorable, because it sounds very similar to the word, “death”. M

33、any building s do not, even, use the number for their elevator programming.Now, as a result of Western influence, more Chinese people started to dislike the number “13”.广东话里“8”与“发”同音,有发财的意思广东是中国最先受益于改革开放政策的省份之一,金钱的诱惑力很大,人人豆做着发财的梦,因此“8”成为人们偏爱的数字“6”有顺利之意,许多人爱选带“6”的日子作为结婚日子相比之下,“4”与“死”同音,是最不讨人喜欢的数字不少建筑

34、物甚至没有“4”层现在,受西方文化的影响,许多中国人开始讨厌数字“13”了七、美食的色相The Color of Food There are eight major culinary styles in China. Color combinations reflect the local features of each style.Take Guangdong food for example. Because it is hot and humid there, people are mindful of the heat on their internal organs. There

35、fore Guangdong food is mild in both taste and color combinations. You dont find a lot of hot and spicy food in Guangdong dishes because warm color in the hot summer can be repulsive to peoples appetite.Sichuan food is just the opposite. Sichuan is also very humid but,unlike Guangdong, Sichuan people choose to use extremely hot peppers to open their stomach.中国有八大菜系,在色相上体现出地域的特点比如粤菜,出自广东,哪里气候炎热而潮湿,人们特别在意五脏燥热,所以广东菜色泽和味道均以清淡为主,辛辣的食物在粤菜中不多见因为炎热的天气,暖色调的食物会让人没有食欲川菜就不同,四川气候也湿热,但与广东不同,四川人选择用极辣的辣椒来对付食欲低下5