Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句（ppt课件）-2023新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、grammar定语从句（一）定语从句（一）She is a famous actress.She is from Korea.This is a hall.Its big and beautiful.She is a famous actress who is from Korea.This is a hall which is big and beautiful.He is a little boy.He is eating.He is the little boy who is eating.He is a popular singer whose songs are popular.He

2、 is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.He is a popular singer.His songs are popular.He is a famous singer.He is from Taiwan.先行词先行词关系关系(代代)词词定语从句定语从句She is an English teacher who likes singing._（作主语作主语）归纳：定语从句：归纳：定语从句：定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词。定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词，词组或代词就叫被修饰的名词，词组或代词就叫先行词先行词。定语从。定语

3、从句通常出现在先行词之后，句通常出现在先行词之后，由由关系词关系词引出。引出。可分为可分为 限制性限制性定语从句和定语从句和非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句 （对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，用逗号隔开，去掉后对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，用逗号隔开，去掉后不影响整句理解不影响整句理解.）Eg.The children who/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,still stood in the

4、 earthquake.定语从句的类别：定语从句的类别：（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）关系关系 代词代词 代指代指(先行词先行词)所做成分所做成分 whowhomwhosethatwhich指人指人主语、宾语（可省）主语、宾语（可省）指人指人宾语（可省）宾语（可省）人或物人或物定语定语人或物人或物主语、表语、宾语主语、表语、宾语（可省）（可省）指物指物主语或宾语（可省主语或宾语（可省)定语从句中的关系代词定语从句中的关系代词Discuss in groups:1.关系代词的作用关系代词的作用2.如何选关系代词呢？如何选关系代词呢？指代先行词指代先行

5、词 连接定语从句在定于从句连接定语从句在定于从句中做成分中做成分看先行词看定语从句所缺成分看先行词看定语从句所缺成分一：关系代词一：关系代词who,which,that,在从句中作主在从句中作主语时，从句的语时，从句的谓语动词谓语动词的人称和数必须必须的人称和数必须必须和和先行词先行词保持保持一致一致。1.Anyone who _ over 20 can join the army.2.I,who _ your friend,will help you.3.He is one of my friends who _(work)in Beijing.4.She is the(only)one o

6、f my friends who _(work)in Beijing.isam workworks定语从句需注意的几个问题定语从句需注意的几个问题 The room _there are a lot of books in is a reading room.The room in _ there are a lot of books is a reading room.which/that/-which He is the person_ you can turn to for help.He is the person to _ you can turn for help.who/whom

7、/that/-whom二：如果介词提前时，只能用二：如果介词提前时，只能用 which和和whom。即构成：介词即构成：介词+关系代词引导定语从句关系代词引导定语从句He is a teacher,whose daughter studies abroad.the daughter of whom studies abroad.Have you seen a dictionary _cover is blue?A.whose B.who C.what D.which三三.whose经常后接名词，这结构可以用经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词名词of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。来

8、替换，意义不变。whose翻译：他是个老师，他的女儿在国外学习。翻译：他是个老师，他的女儿在国外学习。四四.只用只用that不用不用which的情况：的情况：.当先行词是当先行词是不定代词不定代词时，如：时，如：everything,something,anything,nothing,all,much,few,little,none,等。等。Eg：There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.先行词先行词前有前有the only,the very,few,little,no,all,every,any,some,much 等词修饰时等词修饰时。Eg

9、：All that can be done has been done.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词的最高级形容词的最高级修饰修饰时。时。Eg：This is the first letter that Ive written in English.当先行词既当先行词既有人有人又又有物有物时。时。Eg：They talked about the teachers and the schools(that)they had visited.当主句以当主句以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。Eg：Who is the man that is waiting at

10、the bus stop?Which is your pen that you lost last week?.当关系代词代指前面的名词作当关系代词代指前面的名词作表语表语时。时。Eg：China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago.巧计只用巧计只用 that 不用不用 which的情况的情况代代(词)高高(最高级)序序(序数词)；人与物人与物Only和和very；不重复；不重复(who/which开头的疑问句)五五.只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况His money was stolen by a thief,wh

11、ich made him very sad.当关系代词前有当关系代词前有介词介词时时。This is the factory in which my mother works.当先行词本身是当先行词本身是that时。时。Whats that which flashed in the sky just now.先行词在先行词在非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中充当中充当主语主语或或宾语宾语。Are you clear now?OK.Lets do some exercises!1.The man I saw told me to wait.2.The man to _ I spoke was a

12、 foreigner.3.I know a boy _ father is an actor.4.He saw a house _ windows were all broken.5.We study in a school,_ is clean and nice.Fill in the blanks with who,whom,whose,which and that.who/whom/that/whomwhosewhosewhich6.That was all the money _I had.7.Can you think of anyone _ could look after him

13、?8.This is the best hotel _ I know.9.He showed a machine _ parts are too small to be seen.10.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.thatthat/whothatwhosewhich/that 习题点评（ABBCC/BBACC/ABDDC）7.Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.which C.who D.whom8.Is this factory

14、_ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.that C.which D./This is the factory that/which a lot of students This factory is the one(that/which)a lot of students归纳：定语从句前必须有先行词，若没有，则加上，归纳：定语从句前必须有先行词，若没有，则加上，因此要分析句子结构，弄清句子成分。因此要分析句子结构，弄清句子成分。10._ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B

15、.Who C.The one who D.The students who关键词：关键词：cleans，暗示先行词得是单数，暗示先行词得是单数13.He was so pleased with all _ we had done for him _ he wrote us a letter to praise us for it.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;what D.that;that注意：定语从句通常会和状语从句或强调句型等结注意：定语从句通常会和状语从句或强调句型等结合来考查，此题主句有合来考查，此题主句有so that(第二空第二空)结构结构.第一空

16、是修饰代词第一空是修饰代词all的一个定语从句，因此用关系的一个定语从句，因此用关系代词代词that。反馈练习反馈练习1.Hai Yan is a famous Chinese novelist _ writings are thought highly of.A.whose B.who C.which D.whom2.The man pulled out a gold watch,_ were madeof small diamonds.A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands ofC.which the hands of D.the hands of whi

17、ch3.She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than 3 years.A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which4.Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of _ she spoke fluently.A.who B.whom C.which D.that5.English is a language shared by several different cultures

18、,each of _ uses it somewhat differently.A.which B.what C.them D.those6.The settlement is home to nearly 1.000 people,many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those7.The most important thing _we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A

19、.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that8.The visitors say that theyll never forget the days_ they have spent visiting Hainan Province.A.which B.when C.how D.where单句改错单句改错(注意定语从句在短文改错中的考查注意定语从句在短文改错中的考查)：1.Some parents force their children to make the choice as their will,troubles many stu

20、dents.2.I learn much about British culture and history in London,where was my favorite.3.But he just said something that I didnt understand it.4.The poor man has no house in that he can live.which_whichwhich1.This is all_I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else_y

21、ou want?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it4.The earthquake hit Wenchuan,_ made all Chinese people sad.A.that B.where C.which D.it练一练！练一练！5.The students _ injured in the earthquake are taken good care of now.A.who B.who was C.who wer

22、e D.that6.I know the student _you borrowed the pen.A.that B.from whom C.from who D.whom7.Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.which C.who D.whom8.Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.that C.which D./9.The desk _leg was broken has been alr

23、eadyrepared.A.which B.that C.whose D.its 10._ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who 11.I know the boy _you gave the book _.A.whom;to B.which;to C.to whom;to D.that;to him12.This is one of the books _ bought in Beijing last year.A.that B.which were C.that was D.which