Unit 4 Natural Disasters 词汇导学练（ppt课件）-2023新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、1.disaster/dz:st(r)/n.natural disasters 自然灾害 an air disaster 空难 灾难；灾害 词根词缀：dis-(远离,偏离)+aster-(star星星)：星星偏离了原来的位置灾难。It was the second air disaster in less than two months.这是不到两个月内的第二次空难了。Thousands of people died in the disaster.数千人在这场灾难中丧生。星宇航员天文学天文学家星星;恒星;明星灾难灾难性的2.tornado/t:ned/n.The tornado killed

2、 dozens of lives.那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命。龙卷风；旋风 破拆法：torn(tear撕扯)+a+do(door门)助记：龙卷风撕扯着一扇门。3.drought/drat/n.dry a.干燥的 high a.高的 see vt.看见 think vi.想 旱灾;干旱 drought n.干旱height n.高度sight n.视野thought n.想法The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.长期干旱后土地硬得就像石头一样。In fact many food crops failed because of the d

3、rought.实际上，因为干旱，很多粮食作物歉收。4.slide/slad/vi.&vt.()slid,slidWe slid on the ice.我们在冰上滑行。The door slid open.门慢慢开了。She slid the door open 她滑开了门。(使)滑行；滑动slide intoIt seemed possible that the US and China could slide into some form of trade war.有可能中国和美国会陷入某种形式的贸易战。The thief slid into the room.小偷悄悄溜进房间。(使)滑入;

4、溜进landslide/lndslad/n.(landfall)The village was destroyed by a landslide.滑坡摧毀了村庄。The heavy rain caused the landslide.大雨引起山体滑坡山体垮塌；滑坡 曲线丝滑丝绸光滑的皮肤滑雪滑冰滑倒滑动敏捷的拖鞋光滑的;敏捷的滑的;狡猾的5.tsunami/tsu:n:mi/n.Large earthquakes can cause powerful tsunamis.大地震可以引起强烈的海啸。海啸The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts o

5、f the country.大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。The river is in flood.河水泛滥。More than 70 people were killed in the flood.70 多人因洪灾丧生。破拆法：t(turn转变)+sun(太阳)+a+mi(米粒)助记：在海啸中，太阳变成米粒般大小。6.flood/fld/n.洪水；大量a flood of He received a flood of thank-you letters.他收到大量感谢信件。大量的The heavy rain flood the village.大雨淹没了这个村庄。The afternoon

6、light flooded the little rooms 午后的阳光洒满一间间小屋。flood/fld/vt.淹没；灌满flood/fld/vi.泛滥；大量涌入flood in Water flooded in through the back door.水从后门涌了进来。Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country.全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。大量涌入流流动,流淌漂浮洪水 淹没泛滥流感流利的流利,流畅影响7.erupt/rpt/vi.&vt.The couple volunteered to help after the vol

7、cano erupted.火山爆发后这对夫妇自愿帮忙。An active volcano may erupt at any time.活火山会随时喷发。A fight has erupted outside the restaurant.饭馆外发生了斗殴。/rpn/n.爆发The eruption of the volcano destroyed many villages.火山爆发破坏了很多村庄。Volcanic eruption is the most terrible natural disasters on earth.火山喷发是地球上最可怕的自然灾害之一。爆发;喷出eruption断

8、裂破裂,断绝突然的,突兀的爆发,喷出爆发破产的破产分裂,瓦解分裂,瓦解打断打断,插嘴腐败的腐败8.magnitude/m gntju:d/n.震级；量级词根词缀：magni-(大)+-tude(名词后缀，表状态)：大的程度震级，量级大宏伟的,壮观的放大,扩大大小,量级威严,雄伟主要的 专业 主修 最大的 最大值 大部分,大多数市长The Wenchuan earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0.汶川地震的震级为8.0 级。We did not realize the magnitude of the problem.我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。9.rescue/

9、reskju:/n.&vt.营救；救援音意相通：来施救rescue workers/boats 救援人员/船只What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？Internet rescue camps in South Korea and China try to save kids addicted to the screen.韩国和中国的网络救援营试图拯救沉溺于手机的小孩。Ten fishermen were saved in a sea rescue.在一次海上营

10、救行动中，十名渔民获救。They were rescued by helicopter.他们被直升机救走了。rescue sb./sth.from Firefighters rescued a child from a burning building.消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。/reskju:(r)/n.救援者；救助者Many people burst into tears when a rescuer carried a girl out of the ruins.当一名救援者从废墟里抱出一个女孩时,在场的许多人不禁潸然泪下。从中营救某人/某物rescuer10.damage/

11、d md/vt.&.n.损害；损坏破拆法：dam(大坝)+age(年纪)助记：上了年纪的大坝一般都有所损坏。Which buildings were damaged in Seoul？首尔哪些建筑物受损？The fire badly damaged the town hall.火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害健康。The earthquake caused serious damage to the house.地震给这所房子造成了严重的损坏。对造成损害do damage to sb/sth.The storm

12、didnt do much damage to crops.暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。词群：损毁损坏摧毁遗弃沙漠n.毁灭灰尘布满灰尘的危险a.危险的vt.使危险黑暗的黎明黄昏11.destroy/dstr/vt.摧毁；毁灭破拆法：des-(毁掉)+troy(特洛伊，被希腊联军毁掉的名城)Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。Theyve destroyed all the evidence.他们销毁了一切证据。Heat gradually destroys vitamin C.加热会逐渐破坏维生素C。You ha

13、ve destroyed my hopes of happiness.你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。A man can be destroyed but not defeated.人可以被毁灭，但无法被打败。destruction/dstrk()n/n.摧毁；毁灭Those already sold are to be recalled for repair,replacement or destruction.已经销售的要召回修理、替换或销毁。12.evacuate/vkjuet/vt.vi.疏散；撤出撤离词根词缀:e-(外)+vacu-(空)+-ate(动词后缀):都到外面,使里面变空撤出Al

14、most 88,000 people have been evacuated from the area.近88,000人撤离了该地区。The building is on fire.Evacuate all the people immediately.这座楼着火了，立即疏散人群。When the forest fires broke out,we were told to evacuate.当森林大火爆发时，我们被通知撤离。空消失;绝迹自负;自满;虚荣无用的,徒劳的空的;空缺的空职;空虚;空闲假期;度假撤空;疏散;排泄消失;绝迹避免避免;无效13.helicopter/helkpt(r)/

15、n.直升机破拆法：he(他)+li(离)+cop(警察)+ter(特)助记：他离警察特远，需要调动直升机去帮助。Helicopters were used to fight the fire.直升机被用来灭火。The injured were sent to the hospital by helicopter.伤员由直升机送到医院。14.death/de/n.死,死亡坠落损毁死亡死亡的致命的最后期限死亡垂死的练：Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature,many children _of common childhood diseas

16、es.(2015广东)在现代医学改变自然法则之前，许多儿童死于常见的儿童疾病。You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ early by running.(2018全国)你可以喝酒，吸烟，肥胖，但通过跑步你仍然可以降低死亡率。Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was_.(2015 陕西)当Holdern先生度假回到家时，他很伤心，因为他确信的自己的宠物已经死了。He thought that Joe m

17、ust be _,but he didnt want to leave immediately.(2014 全国I）他认为Joe一定死了，但他不想立刻离开。It should not cause _ traffic accidents.(2017天津)这不应该导致致命的交通事故。The _ and what you need to apply depend on the program.(2019全国卷I)最后期限以及你需要申请些什么取决于项目。I knew it was the difference between life and _.(2017北京卷)我知道这是生与死之间的差别。Only

18、 five years after Steve Jobs _,smartphones defeated conventional PCs in sales.(2017江苏)仅在 Steve Jobs去世五年后，智能手机就在销售量上击败了传统电脑。dieddyingdeaddeaddeadlydeadlinedeathdeath事实实际的,事实的事物,事情因素人造品人造的时尚时尚的办公室官方的 政府官员军官;警官功绩特征打败小说影响;感动情感;爱感人的效果;影响有效的高效的传染传染的完美的完美缺陷利润困难的工厂功能做 15.affect/fekt/vt.影响；感染；感动 对有影响 副作用have

19、 an effect onside effect 练：A bad home environment can_a childs healthy growth.不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。The thoughts and behaviors of a teacher will _ those of his pupils.教师的思想和言行将影响到其学生的品质。The illness has _ both her mental and physical health.这种疾病损害了她的身心健康。They were deeply _ by the news of her death.她死亡的消息

20、使他们悲伤不已。You might also begin to notice the _ not only on your health but in your pocket.(2018浙江卷)你可能也会开始注意到，它不仅对你的健康，而且对你的经济都有影响The weather _,both good and bad,are felt in many places.(2016江苏卷)天气的影响，无论好的还是坏的，在很多地方都能察觉到。Your house may have an effect _ your figure.(2015全国II)你的住处可能对你的身材有影响。affectaffect

21、affectedaffectedeffectseffectsonHeadaches are one of the _ effects of the drug.头痛是这种药物的副作用之一。They have reduced pollution through _ measures.(2014全国卷)他们通过有效的措施减少了污染。So far there is no _ way to get rid of it.(2018北京卷)到目前为止还没有有效的方法摆脱它。There are actually healthier ways that can work just as _.(2015重庆卷)实

22、际上有更加健康而且同样有效的方法。Regardless of your choice of course,youll develop your language ability both quickly and _.(2016 天津卷)无论你选的那一门课，你都能迅速而有效地培养你的语言能力。When communication becomes more _,people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to.(2014江西卷)当交流变得更加高效时，人们

23、就可以随时随地彼此联系。Now that Chicagos waste water was draining _ into the Chicago River,the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.(2015湖南卷)既然芝加哥市的废水更高效地排入了芝加哥河，该市的下一步举措就是治理这条被污染的河流。sideeffectiveeffectiveeffectiveeffectivelyefficientefficientlyUnderstanding your own needs and styles of communicatio

24、n is as important as learning to convey your_ and emotions.(2014湖南卷)理解你自己的需求与交流风格就像学会表达你的喜爱与感情一样重要。affection16.shelter/elt/n.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;庇护壳n.壳 vt.剥壳n.甲壳类动物n.架子,搁架n.盾,护盾vt.保护n.避难所vt.保护 保护免受shelter sb/sth from sb./sth.n.船只vt.用船运载Workers built _ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.救援人员为那些家

25、园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。People were running for the shelter _ the storm.人们跑着找地方躲避暴风雨。Many are sleeping in the open because they have no _.很多人因为没有栖身之所，只好露宿在外。Perhaps I _ my daughter too much.也许我对女儿保护过度了。Some parents want to shelter their children _ any harm.。sheltersfromsheltersshelteredfrom17.crack/krk/n.裂纹；裂

26、缝 vi.&vt.(使)裂开音意相通：拟声词，咔嚓 助记：咔嚓一声墙壁裂开了。There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。This cup has a crack in it.这杯子有一道裂痕。The glass will crack if you pour hot water into it.别往玻璃杯里倒热水,不然会烫裂杯子。The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.我一踩冰就裂了。The little boy failed to crack the walnut.小男

27、孩没能砸开核桃。She dropped a plate and cracked it this morning.今天早上她把一个盘子掉在地上打破了。18.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛It seemed as if the world _(be)coming to an end.世界似乎要到末日！It seems as if our team _(be)going to win.看来我们队要胜了。She stood at the gate as if she _(be)waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。Some people like to talk about fi

28、lm stars personal life as if they _(be)close friends.一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。She loves the boy as if she _(be)his mother.这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _(do)it?打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。He walked in as if he_(buy)the school.（2012 广东）wereiswaswerewe

29、rehad donehad bought19.ruin/ru:n/vt.毁掉；毁坏n.毁灭；废墟(pl)in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪The bad weather _ our trip.坏天气毁了我们的旅行.My new shoes got _ in the mud.我的新鞋被泥浆毁了。The crops _ by the heavy rain.农作物被大雨全毁了。ruinedruinedwere ruinedEverywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but _.幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。The house has fal

30、len _ ruins.房子倒坍成了废墟。Drinking was the _ of him.酗酒毁了他。In less than one minute,a large city lay _.在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。The castle now lies _.这个城堡现在已成为一片废墟。ruinsintoruinin ruinsin ruins只用作动词，指强调用某种摧毁性的力彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作破坏、毁灭解,也可以指希望、计划等破灭。可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与 to sb/sth 连用。指部分损坏、损害或指价值有所降低。一般被破坏的物品可以

31、重新修复。可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作动词时,作“毁掉；毁灭；弄糟解；强调缓慢但无法逆转的毁灭。；用作名词时,表示毁灭；毁坏；废墟等抽象概念。辨析：destroydamageruinThe earthquake _ almost the whole town.地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。His hope of being a writer was _.他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。Hundreds of houses in the area were _ by the storm.暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。The accident did a lot of _ to his car

32、.这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。The floods _ many precious paintings.这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。Youll _ your health if you go on like this.这样下去你会毁了你的身体的。destroyeddestroyeddamageddamageruinedruin20.percent/psent/n.百分之.美分百分之.百分比,百分率世纪,百年摄氏度的,百分度的蜈蚣,百足虫厘米百About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings,90 percent of its hom

33、es,and all of its hospitals were gone.大约75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园所有的医院都消失了。We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.我们发现仅有15%的学生每天锻炼。The price of the house has risen by ten percent.房价上升了10%。21.brick/brk/n.砖；砖块联想记忆：b(Brazil)+r(Russia)+i(India)+c(China)：金砖四国brickBricks covered the

34、 ground like red autumn leaves.残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地。The house is built of brick.那座房子是用砖建造的。This garden is surrounded by high brick walls.花园四周有高高的砖墙环绕。词源：breakbrick(原指碎石块)a piece of metal 一块金属The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.铁轨如今成了一块块废金属。The box is made of metal.盒子是用金属做的。物质材料金属制作标记奖章22.m

35、etal/metl/n.金属23.shock/k/n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊;电击in shock 处于震惊/休克中shocking/k/adj.(现在分词表示_内涵，意为“”)shocked/kt/adj.(过去分词表示_内涵，意为“”)令人震惊的 感到震惊的 主动令人的被动感到的24.electricity/lektrsti/n.电；电能拆破法：e(电子)+lect(收集)+tri(去)+city(城市)助记：收集电子去给城市供电。electric lektrk adj.electrical lektrk()l adj.electronic lektrnk a.电动的

36、与电相关的 电子的Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.水、食物，和电都很难弄到。The electricity had been cut off.停电了。We can use the power of the wind to make electricity我们可以使用风力来发电。25.trap/trp/vt.n.困住；使陷入 困境；陷阱坠落滴落掉落诱骗使陷入绊倒拖拽牵拽龙抽干起草使脱水n.干旱 受困于 诱使某人（做）某事The thick smoke and flames trapped people upstairs.浓烟和火焰把人们困在

37、了楼上。The children trapped in the burning building were saved at last.被困在燃烧着的楼房里的孩子们最后得救了。A fox was caught in a trap.一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。Some women see marriage as a trap.有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震后不久，部队

38、派了15 万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins.有些工人被困在废墟中。They trapped her into marrying their son.他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。be trapped in trap sb into(doing)sth.26.bury/beri/vt.掩埋；埋葬破拆法：bu(不)+r(让)+y(养)助记：既然不让养，就把它埋了吧。=埋头于，专心致志于 bury ones head/oneself inbe buried inHe died at the age

39、of 80 and was _in his homeland.他80岁去世了，被安葬在他的家乡。I was looking for my handbag,which_under a pile of old newspapers.我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。He_his face in his hands and wept.他双手掩面而泣。She had learnt _her feelings.她已经学会了感情不外露。My father_his head/himself_ his newspaper.=My father _his newspaper.我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。_

40、my book,I didnt realize it was raining.我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。buriedwas buriedburiedto buryburiedinwas buried inBuried in27.breathe/bri:/vi.&vt.呼吸breathe in/out breath/bre/n.take a deep breath hold ones breath out of breath catch ones breath 吸入/呼出 气息；呼吸；一口气 深吸一口气 屏住呼吸 上气不接下气 恢复呼吸练：Slowly,the city began to

41、 _ again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Its good for the health _ deeply.做深呼吸对身体有益。Most people dont realize that they are _ polluted air.大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。You can see peoples_ on a cold day.冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。She _ a deep breath.她做了一次深呼吸。breatheto breathebreathingbreathtookBy mile 17,I became out of _ and the once

42、injured ankle hurt badly.(2018北京)跑到17英里的时候，我变得上气不接下气，受伤的脚踝疼的要命。I paused to _ my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama(全景).(2017天津)我停下来恢复呼吸,并找好位置去拍一幅最佳的全景照。breathcatch28.revive/rvav/vt.&vi.复活;(使)复苏 生存;幸存生存;幸存幸存者复活复活;复兴有活力的;重要的 活力精力精力旺盛的维生素生动的万岁生活Tangshan began to r

43、evive itself and get up on its feet again.唐山开始恢复元气，重新站起来。They managed to revive the injured driver at last.他们最终使受伤的司机苏醒了过来。The flowers soon revived in water.这些花见了水很快就活过来了。The economy is beginning to revive.经济开始复苏。revival/rvavl/n.复活；复兴What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city?你认为是什么帮助唐

44、山市的复兴？World trade is showing signs of revival.世界贸易正显示出复苏的征兆。Jazz is enjoying a revival.爵士音乐再度盛行。29.effort/eft/n.努力词根词缀：ef(向外)+fort(力量)：向外用的力量努力。努力做某事 竭尽全力做某事 不遗余力做某事make an effort to do sth.make every effort to do sth.spare no effort to do sth.With strong support from the government and the tireless

45、 _ of the city,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。You should put more _ into your work.你应该更加努力地工作。All my _ ended in failure.我的一切努力最后都无济于事。A winner is one with _ great effort of will.(2018北京)成功者是有着强大努力意志的人。So I_ an effort to be on time when I meet m

46、y friends.所以当我与朋友见面时，我努力做到守时。effortseffortseffortsamakeHe was_ an effort to control himself.他努力控制自己的情绪。These flowers,with or without human care,whether or not some people appreciate,always _every effort to open their flowers.这些花儿，不管有没有人在意，不管是不是有人欣赏，总是要竭尽全力开出自己的花朵。Dear fellow students,lets start righ

47、t now and _ no effort to do a little bit every day,every hour,and every minute!亲爱的同学们，让我们从现在起，每一天，每一小时，每一分钟，都不遗余力地做一点贡献！makingmakespare力量努力努力做某事全力以赴做某事不遗余力做某事安慰安慰,舒适舒适的堡垒,要塞堡垒,要塞武力,强力强迫,迫使强大的,有力的实施,执行,强制加强,巩固坚定的,牢固的公司财富;命运;运气幸运的不幸的30.unify/ju:nfa/vi.&vt.统一;(使)成一体 一单元;小节;个体一致,统一联合;团结联盟;联合团聚,重聚宇宙普遍的;通

48、用的大学统一n.制服a.一致的 唯一的,独一无二的团聚,重聚Germany unified officially in 1990;Will the two Koreas unify?德国在1990年正式统一了；两个朝鲜能统一吗？The new leader hopes to unify the country.新领袖希望把国家统一起来。31.wisdom/wzdm/n.智慧;才智 知明智的智慧不智的智慧,才智机智的,诙谐的见证;目击目击者;证人女巫巫师Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in time

49、s of disaster,people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.唐山市已向中国和世界其他地区证明：在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致,展现智慧，保持积极的心态，重建更光明的未来。A man of great wisdom often appears slow.大智若愚。Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验为智慧之母。/waz/adj.明智的;有智慧的wiseShe is a wise woman.她是一个智慧的女性。She

50、 made a very wise decision.她作了一个非常明智的决定。Im wiser after ten years in the business.在商界混了十年之后，我变得聪明了。32.suffer/sf(r)/vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病,痛苦,悲伤等)受苦 因而痛苦；患有（疾病等）suffer fromsufferer/sfr(r)/n.受苦者；受难者；患病者suffering/sfr/n.痛苦；苦难Within a few days she had become seriously ill and _ great pain.几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍。The