1、Science And ScientistsUnit1Words and ExpressionsThis illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的;严厉的severely adv.严重地；严厉地严重的疾病/破坏/伤势severe diseases/damage/injuriesAnyone breaking the law will be severely punished.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated beca
2、use no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的feel/get frustrated 感到沮丧的a frustrated artist 一个不得志的艺术家形容人或人的表情、声音等只放在名词前作定语frustrate v.frustrating adj.frustration n.挫败；阻挠令人沮丧的懊恼；令人沮丧的事物frustrate ones planwith frustration 沮丧地the frustrating newsIn general,doctors in those da
3、ys had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的What he did was contradictory to what he said.contradict v.contradiction n.contradict oneself in contradiction to.contradict with/to.He often talks in circles,frequently _(contradict)himself and often end
4、s up saying nothing.contradictingThe other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.infection n.感染；传染infect v.使感染infectious adj.感染的suffer from an infectionbe exposed to infectioninfect.with.把.传染给.be infected with 感染上She infected the whole class with her laughter.Laught
5、er is one of the most infectious expression of emotion.germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 n.连锁商店multiply v.乘；增加；繁殖multiple/chain store multiple-choice questions multiply A by B We must multiply our efforts to explore the future.我们必须
6、加倍努力，探索未来water pump 水泵Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.suspect v.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象The police suspect him of occupying the house illegally.常用的“动词+sb.+of sth.”结构：convince sb.of sth.remind sb.of sth.accuse sb.of sth.inform sb.of sth.warn sb.of sth.cure sb.of sth.blame v.把.归咎于；责怪；指责
7、You shouldnt blame other people for your failure.Dont always blame your failure on others;sometimes you are to blame yourself.n.责怪；指责take/bear the blame for对.承担责任put/lay/place the blame for sth.on.把某事归咎于.You stand in front of a white light,and it casts different shadows of you.cast v.投射；向.投以（视线、笑容等）
8、；投掷He didnt want to cast/throw a shadow on/over their happiness.He was cast down by the failure of the plan.cast/throw light on sth.使某事物较容易理解shadow n.阴影；影子；背光处 v.在.上投下阴影in the shadows 在阴暗处.China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.defend v.保卫；防守；辩解He had to defend himself against the guard dog.defence/defense n.defensive adj.We should fight in defence of our country.
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