Unit 5 First Aid Discover Useful Structures 语法课（ppt课件）-2023新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 5 语法课课件What a terrible accidentWhat a terrible accident！(教材教材P52)P52)感叹句感叹句(1)(1)用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。一般用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。一般用用whatwhat或或howhow引导。引导。(2)what(2)what引导的感叹句：引导的感叹句：WhatWhata/ana/anadjadj.单数名词单数名词(主谓主谓)!)!WhatWhatadjadj.复数名词复数名词/不可数名词不可数名词(主谓主谓)!)!(3)how(3)how引导的感叹句引导的感叹句How

2、Howadjadj.a/ana/an单数名词单数名词(主谓主谓)!)!HowHowadjadj././advadv.(.(主谓主谓)!)!How time fliesHow time flies！时光！时光飞逝飞逝!好句背诵好句背诵What an awesome idea John put forward on how to help What an awesome idea John put forward on how to help Bernard!Bernard!How awesome an idea John put forward on how to help How awesom

3、e an idea John put forward on how to help Bernard!Bernard!What great progress I have made with the aid of my What great progress I have made with the aid of my English teacher!English teacher!How frightened I was when I saw the fierce bear come How frightened I was when I saw the fierce bear come ba

4、ck!back!完成句子完成句子 在冉冉升起的太阳的暖光中团聚时，他们是多么激动和高兴啊！在冉冉升起的太阳的暖光中团聚时，他们是多么激动和高兴啊！when reuniting in the warm light of the rising sun!为了甩掉追赶他的狼，他骑自行车骑得多快呀！为了甩掉追赶他的狼，他骑自行车骑得多快呀！so as to get rid of the wolf running after him!现在我面临着多么巨大的挑战呀！现在我面临着多么巨大的挑战呀！at present!How excited and happy they wereHow fast he rod

5、e his bikeWhat tremendous challenges I am faced with01语法结构语法结构Activity 1Activity 1阅读下列句子，认真感悟加颜色部分，并完成方框下的小题阅读下列句子，认真感悟加颜色部分，并完成方框下的小题1.It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touc

6、h.2.As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.3.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.4.Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.5.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the

7、fabric sticking to the burnt skin.6.If you see someone choking，first call the emergency services.以上句子中，句以上句子中，句1中的中的v.-ing形式在句中形式在句中作作 ；句句2中的中的v.-ing形式形式在句中在句中作作 ；句句3中的中的v.-ing形式在句中形式在句中作作 ；句句4中的中的v.-ing形式在句中形式在句中作作 ；句句5中的中的v.-ing形式在句中形式在句中作作 ；句句6中的中的v.-ing形式在句中形式在句中作作 。宾语宾语主语主语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾语补足语宾语补足

8、语Activity 2Activity 2语法精析1.1.概念：动词概念：动词-ing-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-inging构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语等。构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语等。2.2.动词动词-ing-ing形式的时态和语态：形式的时态和语态：时态时态语态语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been donehaving been do

9、ne3.3.动词动词-ing-ing形式的否定式是在前面加形式的否定式是在前面加notnot构成。构成。The boy swimming in the lake is from the USA.The boy swimming in the lake is from the USA.在湖里游泳的那个男孩来自美国。在湖里游泳的那个男孩来自美国。(一般式的主动语态一般式的主动语态)The boy being praised by the teacher is from the USA.The boy being praised by the teacher is from the USA.正在被老

10、师表扬的那个男孩来自美国。正在被老师表扬的那个男孩来自美国。(一般式的被动语态一般式的被动语态)Having finished his homeworkHaving finished his homework，the boy went to the the boy went to the cinema.cinema.完成作业后，男孩去看电影了。完成作业后，男孩去看电影了。(完成式的主动语态完成式的主动语态)Having been told many timesHaving been told many times，he still made the same he still made the

11、 same silly mistake.silly mistake.尽管被告知多次，他仍然犯了同样愚蠢的错误。尽管被告知多次，他仍然犯了同样愚蠢的错误。(完成式的被动完成式的被动语态语态)Is there any reason for not having the first-aid Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week?training this week?这周不上急救培训课，有原因吗？这周不上急救培训课，有原因吗？(否定式否定式)一、动词-ing形式作主语Reading aloud is a

12、good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Being blamed for the breakdown of the computer made me quite frustrated.由于电脑坏掉而受到指责使我非常沮丧。Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences.被他人喜欢能创造学习和新的生活体验的机会。It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for

13、 you.等别人替你做决定是没用的。总结：(1)动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。(2)单个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(3)it代替动词-ing形式作形式主语，常见句式有：Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。Its no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。It is useless doing sth.做某事没用。It is worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的。It is(well)worth doing sth.做某事是(非常)值得的。二、动词二、动

14、词-ing-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语1.1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语Would you mind opening the window?Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？你介意打开窗子吗？I dont like watching television but I enjoy listening I dont like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.to the radio.我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听广播。我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听广播。He narrowly a

15、voided being killed in the accident.He narrowly avoided being killed in the accident.在这次事故中他九死一生。在这次事故中他九死一生。总结：常接动词总结：常接动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：避免错过少延期避免错过少延期(avoid(avoid，missmiss，postpone)postpone)建议完成多练习建议完成多练习(advise/suggest(advise/suggest，finishfinish，practise)practise

16、)喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy(enjoy，imagineimagine，cant help)cant help)承认否定与嫉妒承认否定与嫉妒(admit(admit，denydeny，envy)envy)逃避冒险莫原谅逃避冒险莫原谅(escape(escape，riskrisk，excuse)excuse)忍受保持不介意忍受保持不介意(stand(stand，keepkeep，mind)mind)2.2.作动词短语的宾语作动词短语的宾语He insisted on doing it in his own way.He insisted on doing it in his own

17、 way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。他坚持要按照自己的方法做。I am looking forward to being admitted to a key I am looking forward to being admitted to a key universityuniversity.我我盼望着被一所重点大学录取。盼望着被一所重点大学录取。总结：常见的跟动词总结：常见的跟动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist insist on(on(坚持坚持)，object to(object to(反对反对)，be good at(be good at(

18、擅长擅长)，be fond be fond of(of(喜欢喜欢)，lead to(lead to(导致导致)，put off(put off(推迟推迟)，give up(give up(放弃放弃)，look forward to(look forward to(盼望盼望)，feel like(feel like(想要想要)，devote.to(devote.to(致致力于力于)，get/be used to(get/be used to(习惯于习惯于)，pay attention to(pay attention to(注意注意)等。等。3.3.有些动词有些动词(短语短语)后跟不定式和动词后

19、跟不定式和动词-ing-ing形式作宾语均可，但含形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。义不同。Please remember to give my best regards to your family.Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请请记着代我向你的家人问好。记着代我向你的家人问好。I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观

20、博物馆的情景。我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。Dont forget to post the letter on your way to school.Dont forget to post the letter on your way to school.别忘了在上学的路上顺便把这封信寄出去。别忘了在上学的路上顺便把这封信寄出去。I shall never forget hearing her singing the song.I shall never forget hearing her singing the song.我永远都不会忘记听她唱这首歌时的情景。我永远都不会忘记听她唱这首歌

21、时的情景。总结：有这样用法的动词总结：有这样用法的动词(短语短语)见下表：见下表：动词动词宾语的形式宾语的形式意义意义forgetforgetto doto do忘记做忘记做doingdoing忘记做过忘记做过rememberrememberto doto do记着要去做记着要去做doingdoing记得做过记得做过regretregretto doto do遗憾遗憾/抱歉要做抱歉要做doingdoing后悔做了后悔做了trytryto doto do尽力做尽力做doingdoing尝试做尝试做meanmeanto doto do打算做打算做doingdoing意味着意味着go ongo on

22、to doto do接着做接着做(另外一件事另外一件事)doingdoing接着做接着做(同一件事同一件事)stopstopto doto do停下来去做停下来去做doingdoing停止做停止做4.4.在有些动词的后面，如：在有些动词的后面，如：startstart，beginbegin，continuecontinue等既可接等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had They continued working/to work as if

23、nothing had happened.happened.他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过似的。他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过似的。5.5.特殊动词特殊动词The bike needs repairing.The bike needs repairing.The bike needs to be The bike needs to be repaired.repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。这辆自行车需要修理。His behavior deserved praising.His behavior deserved praising.His behavior deserves His be

24、havior deserves to be praised.to be praised.他的行为值得表扬。他的行为值得表扬。The book is well worth readingThe book is well worth reading.这这本书非常值得一读。本书非常值得一读。总结：下列动词接动词总结：下列动词接动词-ing-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require doingneed/want/require doingneed/want/require to be done ne

25、ed/want/require to be done 需要做某事需要做某事deserve doingdeserve doingdeserve to be done deserve to be done 值得做某事值得做某事be well worth doing sth.be well worth doing sth.非常值得做某事非常值得做某事三、动词-ing形式作表语The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。Her job is

26、 keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。总结：动词总结：动词-ing-ing形式作表语说明主语的性质特征或具体内容。形式作表语说明主语的性质特征或具体内容。常见的有：常见的有：movingmoving，interestinginteresting，encouragingencouraging，excitingexciting，inspiringinspiring，boringboring，surp

27、risingsurprising，puzzlingpuzzling，amusingamusing，astonishingastonishing等。等。四、动词四、动词-ing-ing形式作定语形式作定语1.1.前置定语前置定语(放在所修饰的名词前放在所修饰的名词前)In summer I often swim in the swimming pool.(In summer I often swim in the swimming pool.(表用途表用途)夏天我经常在游泳池游泳。夏天我经常在游泳池游泳。Do you know the swimming boy?(Do you know the

28、swimming boy?(表正在进行的动作表正在进行的动作)你认识这个正在游泳的男孩吗你认识这个正在游泳的男孩吗？总结：动词总结：动词-ing-ing形式作前置定语表示被修饰词的某种用途或者形式作前置定语表示被修饰词的某种用途或者正在进行的动作正在进行的动作。2.后置定语(放在所修饰的名词后)The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.正在操场上踢足球的那

29、个男孩是我的弟弟。There is much evidence showing that music activities engage different parts of the brain.There is much evidence which/that shows that music activities engage different parts of the brain.有许多证据表明音乐活动占用大脑的不同部分。The meeting being held now is of great significance.The meeting being held now is o

30、f great significance.The meeting which/that is being held now is of great The meeting which/that is being held now is of great significance.significance.正在举行的会议非常重要。正在举行的会议非常重要。总结：动词总结：动词-ing-ing形式作后置定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上形式作后置定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示被修饰词所进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。的主动关系，表示被修饰词所进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。五、动词五

31、、动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。状态。1.1.感官动词感官动词(短语短语)I felt somebody standing behind me.I felt somebody standing behind me.我感觉有人站在我后面。我感觉有人站在我后面。I saw the little boy crying there.I saw the little boy crying there.我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭。我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭

32、。总结：总结：seesee，hearhear，feelfeel，smellsmell，findfind，noticenotice，observeobserve，look look atat，listen tolisten tosb.sb.doing sth.(doing sth.(作宾补作宾补)。2.2.使役动词使役动词We kept the fire burning all night long.We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the ro

33、om.I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。I wont let you lie to others.I wont let you lie to others.我不会让你对别人撒谎。我不会让你对别人撒谎。Be carefulBe careful，or youll have your hands hurt.or youll have your hands hurt.当心，否则你会弄伤手的。当心，否则你会弄伤手的。总结：总结：have/keep/get/leave sb./sth.have/kee

34、p/get/leave sb./sth.doing sth.doing sth.使使一直做某事一直做某事have/let/make sb.have/let/make sb.do sth.do sth.get sb.to do sth.get sb.to do sth.使某使某人做某事人做某事have/keep/get/leave/makehave/keep/get/leave/makesb./sth.donesb./sth.done使使被做或处被做或处于某种状态于某种状态3.with3.with复合结构复合结构With so many people looking at herWith so

35、many people looking at her，she felt nervous.she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。With my proposal declinedWith my proposal declined，I was in low spirits.I was in low spirits.由于我的提议被拒绝，我情绪很低落。由于我的提议被拒绝，我情绪很低落。With so much work to doWith so much work to do，he was nearly in despair.he was nearl

36、y in despair.有如此多的工作要做，他几乎绝望了有如此多的工作要做，他几乎绝望了。总结：总结：withwith宾语宾语doing(doing(表示主动或进行表示主动或进行)withwith宾语宾语done(done(表示被动或完成表示被动或完成)withwith宾语宾语to do(to do(表示将来表示将来)六、动词六、动词-ing-ing形式作状语形式作状语When/While she was walking in the parkWhen/While she was walking in the park，she saw an old she saw an old friend

37、.friend.When/While walking in the parkWhen/While walking in the park，she saw an old friend.she saw an old friend.Walking in the parkWalking in the park，she saw an old friend.(she saw an old friend.(时间状语时间状语)当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。As he was illAs he was ill，he couldnt go to schoo

38、l.he couldnt go to school.Being illBeing ill，he couldnt go to school.(he couldnt go to school.(原因状语原因状语)因为生病了，他不能去上学。因为生病了，他不能去上学。If you work hardIf you work hard，youll make great progress.youll make great progress.Working hardWorking hard，youll make great progress.(youll make great progress.(条件状语条件

39、状语)如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroomMary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a reading a book.(book.(伴随状语伴随状语)玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。玛丽坐

40、在教室的窗边读一本书。Though they knew all thisThough they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.they made me pay for the damage.Though knowing all thisThough knowing all this，they made me pay for the they made me pay for the damage.(damage.(让步状语让步状语)尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。The hospital

41、 has recently obtained new medical equipmentThe hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.(allowing more patients to be treated.(意料之中的结果状语意料之中的结果状语)这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。We Chinese eat with chopsticks.We Chinese eat

42、 with chopsticks.We Chinese eat using chopsticks.(We Chinese eat using chopsticks.(方式状语方式状语)我们中国人用筷子吃饭我们中国人用筷子吃饭。总结：动词总结：动词-ing-ing形式在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，形式在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况，为表意更明确可在其前加上相应的连词，如状况，为表意更明确可在其前加上相应的连词，如whenwhen，whilewhile，thoughtho

43、ugh等。等。注意：注意：1.1.当动词当动词-ing-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用用having done/having been donehaving done/having been done作状语。作状语。Having finished the letterHaving finished the letter，he went to post it.he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished(having finished是先发生的，是先发生

44、的，wentwent是后发生的是后发生的)Having been told many timesHaving been told many times，he couldnt understand he couldnt understand what I meant.what I meant.尽管已被告知多次，但他不能理解我的意思。尽管已被告知多次，但他不能理解我的意思。2.2.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构Toms/His coming home late worries his mother.Toms/His coming home late worries his mother.汤姆汤姆

45、/他回家晚使他妈妈担心。他回家晚使他妈妈担心。I remember Toms/Tom going there.I remember Toms/Tom going there.我记得汤姆去过那里。我记得汤姆去过那里。I remember his/him being awarded a prize.I remember his/him being awarded a prize.我记得他获奖了。我记得他获奖了。总结：动名词的复合结构在句中主要作主语或宾语。总结：动名词的复合结构在句中主要作主语或宾语。作主语时的形式：所有格作主语时的形式：所有格/形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词doingdoing

46、作宾语时的形式：所有格作宾语时的形式：所有格/形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词/代词宾格代词宾格/名词名词doingdoing01习题训练习题训练.完成句子完成句子1.，I felt that my throat tightened and my knees became weak.当看到凶恶的狼时，我感觉我喉咙发紧，膝盖发软。当看到凶恶的狼时，我感觉我喉咙发紧，膝盖发软。2.I couldnt help without _ in the wild.我情不自禁地追赶那只可爱的兔子，没有意识到我在荒野中迷路了。我情不自禁地追赶那只可爱的兔子，没有意识到我在荒野中迷路了。When seeing t

47、he fierce wolfrunning after the cute rabbitrealizing that I got lost3.，youll have to study harder for your goals.既然已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须为了你的目标更加努力学习。既然已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须为了你的目标更加努力学习。4.The outside sight looks beautiful with _ .一切都被雪覆盖着，外面的景色看上去很美。一切都被雪覆盖着，外面的景色看上去很美。5.made me frightened to death.卡在大南瓜里把我吓

48、得要死。卡在大南瓜里把我吓得要死。Having realized that your time is limitedeverything covered with snowBeing stuck in the big pumpkin.语法填空语法填空阅读下列短文，并用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。阅读下列短文，并用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。(2020(2020山东高考模拟，读后续写改编山东高考模拟，读后续写改编)One day，Spotty returned from his daily walk with a broken leg.“Oh，no！”I let out a loud screa

49、m as I saw Spotty limping in with a pained expression on his face.But Spotty seemed to take no notice of me and hid under the bed，with his whole body 6.(tremble)and his eyes full of terror and distrust.tremblingIt was so unlike him to react like this that for one moment I was at a loss how to coax h

50、im to me.7.(feel)a little upset and furious，I somehow came 8.(hold)a long stick，9.(try)to drive him out.However，before the stick reached him，Spotty suddenly howled and escaped through the door.In the next few days，we searched everywhere for Spotty，but in vain.Later，we learnt that 10.(beat)by a man m