2022年中考英语定语从句复习ppt课件.pptx

1、一、一、准确找出先行词、关系词、定语从句准确找出先行词、关系词、定语从句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词定语从句所修饰的定语从句所修饰的名词或代词名词或代词关系词关系词1.引导定语从句引导定语从句2.代替先行词代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句1.修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词2.紧跟在先行词后紧跟在先行词后Have a try1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.I like the book which yo

2、u bought yesterday.3.The house where he lives needs repairing.4.I still remember the day which we spent together.结构：先行词关系词从句结构：先行词关系词从句关系词充当什么成分？关系词充当什么成分？1.The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.2.That is the bike which my father bought for me.3.This is the book whose cover is broken.4.The hotel w

3、here we stayed wasnt clean.5.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.二、关系词的选择二、关系词的选择关系代词关系代词which，that,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词关系副词when,where,why步骤：1.找出先行词 2.划出定语从句 We heard the news_ pleased everybody.A.which B.where C.whom D.who步骤：1.找出先行词 2.划出定语从句先行词先行词从句缺从句缺主语主语从句缺从句缺宾语宾语从句缺从句缺定语定语指人指人指物

4、who/that whom/that/whowhose that/whichthat/which whose 1.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.whichD.he2.The building _ stands near the river is our school.A.which B.that C.who D.whose3.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.that C.which D.wh

5、ose 分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语 用which that缺状语 用 when=介词+whichI still remember the days _ we spent together.A.when B.what C.that D.in whichI still remember the days _ we worked together.A.when B.what C.that D.for which I will never forget the three years _ we both spent in the little village.A.when B.during whic

6、h C.which D.in which 分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语 用which that缺状语 用 where=介词+whichThis is the museum _ I visited a few days ago.A.where B.that C.on which D.the oneThis is the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on whichD.the oneIs the exhibition _ the foreign friends visited yesterday?A.that B.the on

7、e C.which D.where 1.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?3.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one 1.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?A.where B.when C.th

8、at D.what2.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.A.then B.there C.while D.where 3.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when4.-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes,theres o

9、ne point _ we must insist on.（06江西）江西）A.why B.where C.how D./分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语 用which that缺状语 用 why=for whichIs this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？A.that B.what C.how D.whyIs this the reason _ he was late for school？A.that B.which C.how D.why（1）the way 作先行词，关

10、系词用：作先行词，关系词用：（2）time表示表示“次数次数”，关系词用：，关系词用：三、三、the way、time I dont understand the way_they worked out the problem.I could hardly remember how many times _Ive failed.1.I dont like the way _ he looks at me.A.in that B.which C.of which D./2.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）

11、湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which四、四、that which指物时，指物时，关系代词关系代词that 和和 which 一般一般可以互换，但应注意以下情况：可以互换，但应注意以下情况：在下列情况下一般用在下列情况下一般用that:1.Ive read all the books _ you lent me.2.This is the first thing _ I want to say.3.He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there.4.The T

12、V play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year.5.Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours.6.This is the very thing _ I am after.1.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者或者被序数词、被序数词、形容词最高级修饰形容词最高级修饰 2.先行词是不定代词时先行词是不定代词时,如如:all,few,little,much,something,anything

13、,everything,nothing 等等 3.先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时 4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the right 等修饰时等修饰时 5.先行词被先行词被 little,few,no,any,much,all,every等修饰时等修饰时 6.当关系代词在定语从句中作当关系代词在定语从句中作表语，常表语，常用用that。He is not the man that he was.7.在疑问词在疑问词who、which开头的句子中开头的句子中 8.在在There be 句型中句型中There is still a seat in the corn

14、er that is still free.在下列情况下一般用在下列情况下一般用that:在下列情况下要用在下列情况下要用which 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时当关系代词的前面有介词时.2.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中.3.先行词本身是先行词本身是that eg.The clock is that which tells the time.What is that which the dog is running after？1.She is no longer the girl_ she used to be.A.who B.that C.which D.whom当定语从句中缺

15、当定语从句中缺表语表语，用，用thatB2.He was not the man _ he was before.A.who B.whom C.that D.whichC3.This is the best TV _ is made in China.4.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。五、五、Whose 的使用的使用 whose+名词=the+名词名词+of which/whomof which/whom+the+名词名词1.

16、所属关系所属关系2.指人或物指人或物3.作定语作定语This is the book _ is broken _ is broken _ is broken.1.There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose2.Last year,this area was struck by a strong typhoon,from _ effects t

17、he people are still suffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.whatthe people are still suffering from typhoons effects.3.(06福建卷福建卷)Look out!Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.that答案：答案：A六、六、as的用法的用法知识扩充知识扩充1.在句中作状语的从句是状语从句在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动修饰主句中的动词词,形容词或副

18、词形容词或副词2.状语从句由状语从句由从属连词从属连词引导引导,从属连词在句中从属连词在句中不充当不充当句子成分句子成分,只起连接作用。只起连接作用。3.分类分类根据意义上的不同根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为状语从句可分为:时间时间状语状语从句从句地点地点状语从句状语从句原因原因状语从句状语从句目的目的状语状语从句从句条件条件状语从句状语从句结果结果状语从句状语从句让步让步状语状语从句从句方式方式状语从句状语从句比较比较状语从句状语从句 When she was a child,she Lived in Paris.We should go where the people need us.

19、My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.We studied hard in order to pass the exam.Well start our project if the president agrees He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.Although I respect him,I cant agree to his proposal.She is as bad-tempered as her mother.When in Rome,do as th

20、e Roman do.His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school结果状语从句常由结果状语从句常由so that

21、 或或 suchthat引导引导,译为译为“如此如此以至于以至于”。that只起连接作用，不充当成分。只起连接作用，不充当成分。六、as 的用法as 引导定语从句时，引导定语从句时，可以指人也可指物可以指人也可指物通常与通常与the same,such,so等连用等连用在句子中可作主语、宾语或表语在句子中可作主语、宾语或表语We hope to get such a tool as he is using.(as作宾语，指代作宾语，指代a tool)(1)辨析：as 与 which as位置灵活位置灵活，能置于句首或主句之后，能置于句首或主句之后，且常有且常有“正如正如”“”“正像正像”之意。

22、之意。which只能置于主语之后只能置于主语之后 as 用在用在固定结构中固定结构中：as is known to all,as we all know,as is said above(综综上所述上所述)，as was expected,as often happens 等等。等等。which不能不能1、John got beaten in the game,had been expected.AwhoBwhat Cthat Das2、Crusoes dog became ill and died,made him very lonely.Athis Bthat CwhichDas（2）辨析

23、：）辨析：suchsoas与与suchsothat这两个结构主要在句子成分上区分：这两个结构主要在句子成分上区分：在在suchsoas结构中，结构中，as引导引导定语从定语从句句，代替前面的先行词，代替前面的先行词，且在从句中作主且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语语、宾语或表语。在在suchsothat结构中，结构中，that 引导的是引导的是状语从句状语从句，只起连词的作用，在从句中不，只起连词的作用，在从句中不作成分。作成分。”如此如此以至于以至于”Dont talk about such things as you dont understand.从句缺宾语，从句缺宾语，as作宾语作宾语 as

24、引导的定语从句引导的定语从句We hope to get such a tool that we can do our work better with it.从句不缺成分，从句不缺成分，that只起连接作用只起连接作用 that引导的状语从句引导的状语从句 It is so big a stone as we cant lift.从句缺宾语从句缺宾语 It is so big a stone that we cant lift it.从句不缺成分从句不缺成分 Harry Potter is such an interesting book _ all kids like to read.A.

25、as B that C.D.which（3）辨析：）辨析：the same as与与 the samethat：the same.as表示表示一种比较，和一种比较，和.一样一样 This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢的那只手表一样。这和我丢的那只手表一样。the same.that表示表示同一个同一个 This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那只手表。这就是我丢的那只手表。My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike Bthat CasDwhich七、介词

26、+关系代词1.定语从句中，定语从句中，在介词后面，指事物用在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用，指人用whom，指谁的用，指谁的用whose,不可省略。不可省略。2.2.定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用可用the+the+名词名词the+the+形容词比较级形容词比较级 （最高级）（最高级）数词数词代词代词(most,some(most,some few,both few,both)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable.The

27、re are two buildings,the larger of which is about 100 meters.He has three sons,two of whom are teachers.I have many friends,some of whom are teachers.3.介词如何选择？介词如何选择？方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.填入适当的介词填入适当的介词1.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.I thi

28、nk you can depend()the man.2.He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.I am not very familiar()some reference books.3.He made a hole in the wall,_ which he could see what was going on outside the house.he could see what was going on outside the house()a hole.4、The knife w

29、e used to cut the bread is very sharp.Awhich Bwith Cwith itDwith which5、The brave man,the tiger was shot,is a good hunter.Aof whom Bby thatCby whom Dby which6、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain which Bworn byCthrough which Don which八、定语从句的单复数问题八、定语

30、从句的单复数问题 关系代词做从句主语时关系代词做从句主语时1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词2.先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用单三先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用单三I,who _(be)your classmates,will share the work with you.The exams were put off,which _(be)exactly what we wanted.注意：注意：He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is th

31、e only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise hashave九、成分多余九、成分多余为避免关系词的重复，被关系词所替代的成为避免关系词的重复，被关系词所替代的成分不可在从句中重复出现。分不可在从句中重复出现。He wouldnt see a play that no one liked it.Some of the boys whom I invited them didnt come.The factory where he works there is a large one.十、定语从句与并列句（1）He has t

32、wo children,and both of _are abroad.（2）He has two children,both of _are abroad.A.them B.which C.whom D.who介词后指人只能用介词后指人只能用whom（3）He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for ten years.A.these B.those C.that D.which（4）The old man has two sons,_are lawyers.A.both of them B.both of the sons C.both of whom D.both of two