高中英语阅读七选五解题策略.docx

1、高中英语阅读七选五解题策略第一步：看位置定类型句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：例子_40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good worko

2、ut by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter y

3、ou exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段首，应是该段落的小标题。该段的主要内容是“如果晨练，你就更有可能会坚持一整天吃健康的食物”，故该段的主旨是“坚持健康饮食”；再结合本段中的“healthy food”“junk food”与A项中的diet相关，故选A。例子Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a hea

4、d start. _38_ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EY

5、ou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“

6、throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选F。例子The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _40_.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking fo

7、rCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two maj

8、or ways分析该空位于段尾，应属于总结句。根据空前的“the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。第二步：由类型定技法1.主旨概括题主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文

9、章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；段落标题。解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。例子_39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and h

10、ave a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to bur

11、n calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空位于段首，应为本段主题句。主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结，快速浏览本段，本段提到slept better, difficult to relax, a peaceful sleep，依据这些关键词汇可概括本段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠，因此选B。2.语段过渡题语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上

12、下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。例子Medium color choices are generally furniture

13、 pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. _39_. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones

14、were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“medium color choices”，是G项中“small o

15、nes”的升级。该空后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择，与G项中的“two major ways”相呼应，故选G。3.细节线索题细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。1词汇复现法复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。例子_38_. The

16、yre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.A

17、While all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in t

18、his range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空所在段最后一句中的“small color choices”是D项“Small color choices”的原词复现。故选D。2词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。例子I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilde

19、rness._38_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about campi

20、ng since then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内，几个选项中只有A项合适。3代词线

21、索法英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。例子Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _37_， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need

22、to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo

23、 it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all of them相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境，故选A。4逻辑关系线索法一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、

24、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。例子If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes,

25、 were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer .I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness .We hav

26、e done a lot of it since ._40(E)_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping

27、 since then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。首句“如果三年前有人告诉我我会花大部分的周末时间去野营，我将会开怀大笑”使用了虚拟语气，预示了后面的转折关系。接着讲述了作者过去对野营的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后

28、来对野营的态度不一样。D项表示“但是，从那时起我就学习了很多关于野营的知识”，however与上文构成转折关系，因此是最佳选项。此题的关键是however这个逻辑关系词，承上启下，为下文内容作铺垫。例子Recall (回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats importan

29、t. _39_ how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40(G). Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fun.AKnow why you gar

30、denBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooGFor each of those gardens, wri

31、te down the strongest memory you have分析解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。空格前说“但那不是重要的事情”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。故选C项。例子Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes peop

32、le simply cant trust anymore. _37_ Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expe

33、ct the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.分析此题从行文逻辑上判断属因果关系。上句意为“有时候，人们简直无法再信任(别人)了”，而本句应是解释

34、人们无法信任别人的原因。故E项符合题意。真题：2021新高考1卷My husband and I just spent a week in Paris._36_So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.The place wasnt entirely authentic, though. Unli

35、ke a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. _37_Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and its a shame I dont have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me.

36、 They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. _38_ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs._39_ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the c

37、orner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.You can tell t

38、his by cafs life. French cafs are always crowded._40_When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.A. Not all th

39、e customers are tourists.B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E. Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, li

40、ke real Parisians.G. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.答案分析【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。36【答案】F上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did

41、 was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。37【答案】C上文“The place

42、wasnt entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。38【答案】G上文“. they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste lik

43、e cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。39【答案】E第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采

44、购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因物价贵。故选E项。40【答案】A根据上文“In Fra

45、nce, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafs life. French cafs are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合

46、咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。题型解读高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读七选五题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句成章，积章成篇就是这个道理。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次