2018年全国成人高考专升本英语试题及答案.doc

1、2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试英语I. Phonetics (5 points)Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D、 Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by b

2、lackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1、 A、 captainB、 sustainC、 containD、 retain2、 A、 pensionB、 missionC、 tensionD、 revision3、 A、 actressB、 businessC、 excessD、 endless4、 A、 combinationB、 climbingC、 bambooD、 ambition5 、A、 blewB、 crewC、 sewD、 Jew【答案】1、A2、D3、C4、B5、C. Vocabulary and Str

3、ucture (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6、 I asked two passers-by how to get to the new r

4、ailway station, but_ of them knew it.（C）A、 noneB、 eitherC、 neitherD、 both【解析】句意：我问了两个路人怎么去新火车站，但是他们都不知道。both表示“两者都”，不符合句子的前后转折关系，故排除D项。none表示“三者以上的都不”，与上半句两个路人不符，either表示“两者之中的任何一个”，不符合题意，故排除AB项，neither表示“两者都不”，符合题意。故选C项。7、 -The boss wants to talk to you. He seems unhappy with your performance.-Oh,

5、I_ be in trouble. I hope he wont fire me（B）A、 must B、 canC、 shouldD、 would【解析】句意：老板想找你谈话，他似乎对你的表现不满意。哦，我可能有麻烦了，希望他不要解雇我。由前半句可知解雇他的结果是不确定的，must指的是“一定会发生的，必然”，should意为“竟然”，would表示意愿，所以用can，表示“可能”，故选B项。8、_my daughter reaches the age of eighteen, she can apply for a driving license.（C）A、 UnlessB、 Becaus

6、eC、 SinceD、 Once【解析】句意：我女儿可以申请考驾照了，因为她满18岁了。由前后句逻辑可知，句中缺少表示原因的连词，故排除AD项。because和since都可以引导原因状语从句，但because通常不用于句首，故选C项。9、 Ill consider_ Ms. Smith tonight, but I am not sure if I have the time.（B）A、 to seeB、 seeingC、 to have seenD、 see【解析】句意：今晚我会考虑去看史密斯小姐，但我不确定我是否有时闯。consider后面需要接动名词形式，故选B项。10、 The tr

7、ain_ to arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late.（A）A、 was supposedB、 is supposedC、 supposesD、 supposed【解析】句意：那趟火车应该十一点半到，但是它晚了一个小时。本句时态为一般过去时，又因为be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事”，故选A项。11、 Bob doesnt look his age. I think hes somewhere_.（D）A、 in fortyB、 in fortiesC、 in his fortyD、 in his forties【解析】句意

8、：鲍勃看起来不像他那个年纪的样子。我觉得他已经四十多岁了。固定搭配in ones forties意为“四十多岁”，故选D项。12、 I feel very excited_ the thought of joining my family in a week.（C）A、 onB、forC、 atD、 in【解析】句意：一想到一周后就能和家人在一起，我就很激动。be excited at sth.意为 “对某事感到兴奋”，故选C项。13、 _a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.（B）A、 FindingB、 Having foundC、

9、 We findingD、 We found【解析】句意：找到一家旅馆后，我们找了个地方吃晚饭。现在分词短语可作伴随状语，用完成时强调“已经找到旅馆”这个结果，故选B项。14、 Despite the sudden breakdown of the General Manager, _ work is going on in the company.（B）A、 usualB、 routine C、 normalD、 regular【解析】句意：尽管总经理突然离职了，但公司的日常工作仍在进行。routine意为“常规的，日常的”，routine work意为“日常工作”，故选B项。15、 At

10、such a time of crisis, we must try to _all differences and stick together.（C）A、 set apartB、 set backC、 set asideD、 set down【解析】句意：在这么危急的时刻，我们必须把所有的差异放在一边，团结起来。Set apart意为“隔离开”，set back意为“推迟；花费”，set aside意为“把放在一边”，set down意为“放下”。故选C项。16、 Many governments are now taking_ to reduce smoking in public pl

11、aces.（A）A、 stepsB、 sidesC、 effectD、 change【解析】句意：许多政府正在采取措施，减少公共场所的吸烟行为。固定搭配take steps意为“采取措施”，故选A项。17、 The employees_ more enthusiastic about their work since their pay rose.（B）A、 areB、 have beenC、 wereD、 will be【解析】句意：自从涨了工资，员工们的工作热情高涨了。since表示“自从”，出现在句中时，主句要用现在完成时，故选B项。18、 Children dont understan

12、d initially what they are reciting, but_ it will have an impact on their thinking.（D）A、 casuallyB、 especiallyC、 regularlyD、 gradually【解析】句意：孩子们不知道他们背的是什么，但它会逐渐地影响他们的思维。 casually意为“无意地；偶然的”，especially意为“尤其地”，regularly意为“按时地”，gradually 意为“逐渐地”。根据句意，故选D项。19、 The university regulations require that the

13、students_ at least 90% of the lectures.（D）A、 attendedB、 to attendC、 would attendD、 attend【解析】句意：大学的规定要求学生至少要参加90t70的课程。require表示“要求”，后面接that从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，故选D项。20、 In October 2007, the Change-1 satellite was successfully_ at Xichang.（A）A、 launchedB、 presentedC、 regulatedD

14、、 engaged【解析】句意：2007年10月，嫦娥一号卫星在西昌成功发射。launched意为“发射”，presented意为“提出，呈现”，regulated意为“规定，管理”，engaged意为“从事，占用”。根据句意，故选A项。. Cloze (30 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by bla

15、ckening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet、The destruction of habitats（栖息地） all over the world is the primary reason species are becoming extinct （灭绝）or endangered. Houses, highways, dams, industrial buildings, and ever-spreading farms now dominate 21 formerly occupied by forests, deserts,

16、 and wetlands. 22 the beginning of European settlement in America, 23 , over 65,000,000 acres of wetlands have been drained. One million acres alone vanished 24 1985 and 1995.Habitat destruction can be 25 or it can be subtle, occurring over a 26 period of time without being noticed. 27 such as sewag

17、e from cities and chemical runoff from farms, can change the 28 and quantity of water in streams and rivers. To 29 living in a delicately balanced habitat, this disturbance can be as 30 as the clear-cutting of a rainforest. 31 remaining habitats are carved into smaller and smaller pockets or islands

18、, remaining species are forced to exist in these 32 areas, which causes further habitat 33 . These species become less adaptable to environmental 34 ; in fact, they become 35 endangered. Scientists believe that when a habitat is cut by 90%, one-half of its plants, animals and insects will become ext

19、inct.21、 A、 landscapesB、 citiesC、 mapsD、 picturesA【解析】空格后所说的森林、沙漠和湿地都是陆地上的风景、风貌，空格前说森林、沙漠和湿地都被房屋、公路、水坝、工业建筑、农场占有了。landscapes有“风景”的意思，符合题意。cities意为“城市”，maps意为“地图”，pictures意为“图画，照片”。22、 A、 AtB、 BeforeC、 AfterD、 SinceC【解析】本句句意为： 欧洲人开始在美国定居，超过6，500多万英亩的湿地变干。由题意可知，在欧洲人开始在美国定居之后，超过6，500多万英亩的湿地变干。用after“在之

20、后”，故选C项。23、 A、 for exampleB、 in additionC、 at lastD、 after allA【解析】前一句讲到湿地被房屋筹替代，后一句讲到欧洲殖民对湿地的破坏，这是对前一句的本例说明。for example意为“例如”，符合题意。故选A项。in addition意为“此外”，at last意为“结果，最后”，after all意为“毕竟”。24、 A、 bothB、 inC、 betweenD、 beforeC【解析】空格之后的两个年份之间有and，所以前面要用between，固定搭配betweenand表示“在之间”。25、 A、 simpleB、 bene

21、ficialC、 interestingD、 obviousD【解析】本句承上启下，句子开头说的是栖息地的破坏是 或者是微妙的，根据上下文可知前文所说的是明显的：obvious意为“明显的”，符合题意。故选D项。simple意为“简单的”，beneficial意为“有益的”，interesting意为“有趣的”。26、 A、 longB、 shortC、 happyD、 sadA【解析】前文提到栖息地的破坏是明显的或者是微妙的，即可能很长时间其变化都没有被注意到。a long period表示“很长一段时间”，故选A项。27、 A、 ConstructionB、 PollutionC、 Far

22、mingD、 LivingB【解析】由空格后的内容城市污水和从田地流出来的化学药可知，都属于污染，pollution意为“污染”，符合题意，故选B项。construction意为“建造”，farming意为“耕作”，living意为“生活”。28、 A、 amountB、 purityC、 natureD、 qualityD【解析】此处意为：从城市和田地流出的污染物可知改变了河水的_和流量。由题意可知，quality意为“质量”，D项符合，即改变了河水的质量和流量。29、 A、 peopleB、 speciesC、 plantsD、 insectsB【解析】此处意为：对生存在这样处于微妙平衡的

23、环境中的 来说，这样的干扰就像砍光雨林一样_。本句强调的是环境的改变对物种的影响，前后文中也多次出现species，故选B项。30、 A、 effectiveB、 smallC、 fatalD、 surprisingC【解析】此处意为：对生存在这样处于微妙平衡的环境中的物种来说，这样的干扰就像砍光雨林一样。effective意为“有效的”，small意为“小的”，fatal意为“致命的”，surprising意为“令人吃惊的”。根据句意，故选C项，即这样的干扰像砍光雨林一样致命。31、 A、 HowB、 WhetherC、 BeforeD、 AsD【解析】剩余的栖息地被分割成越来越小的区域或岛

24、屿，与后文中物种被迫生存在那样的地方是因果关系，所以要用引导原因状语的连词，as有“由于，因为”的意思，故选D项。32、 A、 crowdedB、 extensiveC、 largeD、 bareA【解析】栖息地越来越小，生存的空间也会变得越_，crowded意为“拥挤的”，符合题意，故选A项。extensive意为“广泛的”，large意为“大的”，bare意为“荒芜的”。33、 A、 reformB、 destructionC、 supportD、 discoveryB【解析】此处意为：物种被迫生活在拥挤的地方，这会一步导致栖息地的 。destruction意为“破坏”，符合句意，故选B项

25、。reform意为“改革”，support意为“支持”，discovery意为“发现”。34、 A、 improvementsB、 changesC、 protectionD、 developmentB【解析】此处意为：这些物种越来越不适应环境的 ，由上文可知，栖息地环境被破坏后产生的变化，导致这些物种越来越不适应环境的变化。change意为“变化”，符合语境，故选B项。improvements意为“改善”，protection意为“保护”development意为“发展”，都是指好的方向，不符合语境。35、 A、 evenB、 farC、 moreD、 lessC【解析】由上文可知，栖息地环

26、境的变化越来越糟，这些物种更难适应环境，因此处于更加危险的处境。more放在形容词前表示“更”，故选C项。IV. Reading Comprehension (60 points)Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D、 Choose one best answer and blacken

27、the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWoman nabbed for a DUI at same crash spotWed May 21, 2:17 AM ETTRUCKEE, Calif. -Call it drunken driving deja vu（记忆幻觉）. For the second time in five months, a year-old California woman has been arrested after she crashed her car while driving und

28、er the influence（DUI） at the exact same spot north of Lake Tahoe.And to top it off, Truckee Police say that in both cases, her blood alcohol content was more than three times the legal limit.The police say Melissa Dennison of Truckee crashed at about noon on Sunday on Glenshire Drive just south of t

29、he Glenshire Bridge. They say she was extremely drunk and had trouble standing or walking. Her blood alcohol level initially was measured at .346. The legal limit is .08.Sergeant J. Litchie said Dennison also had been charged with a DUI in January when she crashed at the same spot and registered a b

30、lood alcohol level of .380. If found guilty of the second offense, she faces up to 10 years in prison and fines in excess of $2,000.A telephone message the Associated Press left at a listing for Dennison in Truckee on Tuesday was not immediately returned.36、 Who is the author of the passage?（D）A、 A

31、passenger.B、 A policeman.C、 A judge.D、 A journalist. 【解析】从文章开头的具体日期，到整个事件的客观叙述以及人称的使用可判断，这是一篇报道，由此可推断出作者是一个记者，故选D项。37、 Why couldnt the woman stand and walk?（C）A、 She had lost too much bloodB、 She was scared.C、 She drank too much.D、 She had a sudden stomachache. 【解析】从文章第三段第二句“They say she was extreme

32、ly drunk and had trouble standing or walking.”可知，她站不稳且不能好好走路是因为她醉得太厉害了，文中extremely drunk与C项drunk too much符合，故选C项。38、 Why could the woman be imprisoned for 10 years?（A）A、 She was caught DUI twice.B、 She had her car crashed.C、 She refused to take a blood test.D、 She drove without a driving license. 【解

33、析】从文章第四段第二句“If found guilty of the second offense，she faces up t0 10 years in prison and fines in excess of $2，000”可知，她面临10年监禁是因为她两次被抓到醉驾，second对应A项twice，故选A项。39、 What does the word nabbed in the title mean?（A）A、 Arrested.B、 Attacked.C、 Charged.D、 Punished.【解析】题目中的nabbed意为“被逮住的”。选项中，arrested与nabbed意

34、思相同，意为“被逮捕的”，故选A项。attacked意为“被攻击的”，charged意为“被控告的”，punished意为“被处罚的”，均排除。Passage TwoThere were many different cultures in the ancient world, but the two that had the most influence on European and American civilizations were the Greek and the Roman. Often these two cultures are lumped together in our

35、 minds, as if they were really exactly alike. But that is not the case. In many ways the Greeks and the Romans could not have been more different.The Greeks were truly democratic, often without a single leader but instead governed by a group of men chosen by the people. The Romans were semi-democrat

36、ic. They had a governing Senate, but the political power was mostly or completely in the hands of a single emperor.Both cultures were great builders. But the construction interests of the two cultures were also different. The Greeks tended to be more artistic. Their buildings were well constructed a

37、nd they were especially interested in temples, columns, and decorative forms. The Romans, on the other hand, were more engineers than artists. They concentrated their efforts on urban planning, well-functioning water pipes, and the best roads.Only in cooking and eating habits are the two cultures re

38、ally similar. Both peoples ate very well indeed: lots of fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, healthy meals, holding at the same time long discussions and tasting excellent wines.In fact, it would probably be fair to say that they both loved life in their warm, sea-oriented climates, and they both liv

39、ed a full life.40、 What is the first paragraph about?（C）A、 The Greek and the Roman were similar.B、 People misunderstood European civilizationC、 Greek civilization was quite different from Roman civilizationD、 European civilization influenced American civilization greatly【解析】文章第一段人们首先说将希腊和罗马文化混为一谈是不对

40、的，最后一句“In many ways.more different。”又强调了两者是非常不同的。所以本段主要讲的是希腊文化和罗马文化两者有巨大差异，故选C项。41、 Which of the following is TRUE?（B）A、 The Romans had more political awareness.B、 The Romans had less political freedom and democracy.C、 The Romans had more freedom to choose their leaderD、 The Romans had fewer people

41、elected into the government【解析】文章第二段将希腊和罗马的政治文化进行对比，由此可知，希腊的政治强调民主（ decorative forms），罗马则强调专制。故罗马的政治自由和民主较少，故选B项。42、 What were the Greeks famous for?（B）A、 The overall planning of a city or a town.B、 The artistic decoration of the buildings.C、 The practical functions of the buildings.D、 The system of

42、 water supply and transportation. 【解析】根据文章第三段第三、四句“The Creeks tended to be more artisticand decorative forms.”可知，希腊的建筑很有艺术风格，有很多艺术装饰，故选B项。43、 How are the two cultures alike?（D）A、 Both loved the seaB、 Both lived long lives.C、 Both loved cookingD、 Both enjoyed talking over meals.【解析】文章最后两段讲了希腊人和罗马人的相似

43、之处，根据“Both peoples ate very well indeedholding at the same time long discussions and tasting excellent wines.”以及“they both loved life in their warm.”可知，他们喜欢在吃东西时聊天，喜欢生活等等，故选D项。Passage ThreeAs recently as three decades ago, many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and dangerous way to

44、pay for what they bought. Some even thought that owing money to a store or a credit company was something to be ashamed of. Good citizens, they believed, always bought what they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately.Today, however, all that has changed. Credit, as some obse

45、rvers have noted, has become a way of life in the United States. More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces of plastic, credit cards, to pay for large purchases such as televisions, record players or furniture. Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card

46、 to pay for a costly restaurant dinner, a hotel room or an airline trip. And there are some situations in which Americans must have credit cards. If they want the temporary use of a car, for example, they first must give the car rental company the number of their credit card. That number is consider

47、ed a guarantee that they will return the car and pay for using it.Credit cards offer two major services to Americans. First of all, they are easier and safer to carry than large amounts of money. Second, they permit people to borrow, to have the immediate pleasure of owning something, even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time. With credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them. And when the time does come to pay, most cre