Unit 2 词汇详解（ppt课件） -2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、1 astronaut n 宇航员2 2 gravity n n 重力；地球引力；重力；地球引力；严重性（=seriousness/severity）严肃；庄严 astronomer 天文学家；astronomy 天文学（behave with gravity 表现出应有的严肃性）Newtons law of gravity 牛顿的万有引力定律 grave adj.重大的，严重的；严肃的；庄严的 n.坟墓；墓穴；死亡；抑音符3 absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席in the absence of 在缺乏的情况下 in/during ones absence在某人不在的时候absence f

2、rom work 缺勤(OPP:presence at.)Love was totally absent from his childhood.他的童年完全没有爱In the absence of a lawyer,he was advised to keep silent.在律师不在的情况下，他被建议保持沉默。The decision was made in my absence.absent a.be absent from缺席，不在 absent-minded a.心不在焉的 6 ceiling n.天花板;上限The rooms were spacious,with tall wind

3、ows and high ceilings.房间很宽敞，且窗户和屋顶都很高。The company passed an agreement to put a ceiling on salaries.公司通过一项规定工资上限的协议。4 float v.漂浮5 cupboard n.壁柜；橱柜；衣柜a skeleton in the cupboard 令人难堪的秘密7 bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰；花费时间精力（做某事）vi.花费时间精力（做某事）n.麻烦，困难 bother sb with/about sthSb cannot be bothered to do sth 某人嫌麻烦偷

4、懒不做某事bother to do sth/bother doing sth 花时间做某事 It really bothered me that hed forgotten my birthday.The grass needs cutting but I cant be bothered to do it today.草得剪一剪了,但我今天却懒得去做.bothersome adj.令人烦恼的8 occupy 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于occupy sb/oneself in doing sth/with sth 使某人忙于做某事 be occupied with sth/in do

5、ing sthThe most important thing is to keep yourself occupied.最重要的是让自己有事做。The area is under occupation.该地区已被占领。occupied a.使用中的(vacant)；忙于某事的；被侵占的occupation n.职业，工作；占领，占据；占用，使用9 mission n.任务10 evaluate v.评估=assess evaluation n.=assessment11 creature n.动物；人12 mosquito n.蚊子（pl.mosquitos/mosquitoes）13 mi

6、croscope n.显微镜 (micro-微，小 macro-大，宏观)The government may need to revise its policy in the light of this report.政府可能需要根据这份报告改变其政策。In the light of this information it is now possible to identify a number of key issues.cast/shed/threw light on.使.更清楚些 (shed-shed-shed;shed-shedding)bring sth.to light 揭露；披

7、露；暴露；揭发 come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露in(the)light of sth 考虑到；鉴于14 cast new light on 使进一步了解使进一步了解 (cast-cast-cast)New evidence has recently come to light.新的证据最近已披露出来。根据这一资料，现在可以确定若干关键问题。15 maintenance n.维护 maintain v.维护16 circumstance n.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，（尤指）经济情况in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此i

8、n/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不（置于句首时句子要部分倒装）Under no circumstances should we give up hope.我们无论如何都不能放弃希望。17 exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；被报道 After only a short exposure to sunlight he began to turn red.他只在阳光下晒了一会儿，皮肤就开始变红了。expose v.暴露，露出；揭露；使接触 exposed a.无遮蔽的；易受攻击的 The company feared exposure of its faults

9、.Her new film has had a lot of exposure in the media.We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.Being exposed to strong sunlight is harmful to your skin.expose sb to sth使某人接触某事 be exposed to 使暴露在.，使接触.该公司担心自己的缺点暴露。她的新电影在媒体上有很多报道。我们想让孩子们尽可能多地接触艺术和文化。暴露在强烈的阳光下对你的皮肤有害。18 radiatio

10、n n.辐射 radiate v.辐射19 visible adj.看得见的 invisible adj.看不见的 vision n.视力；远见 be highly/clearly visible to sb 对某人来说清晰可见20 in view of 鉴于，考虑到.=given/considering in ones view 在某人看来21 luxury n.奢侈品 luxurious/lris/adj.奢侈的22 tube n.管子 (straw n.吸管)23 furthermore adv.此外 =moreover/besides/in addition/additionally

11、24 pill n.药片 take pills 吃药25 vital adj.必不可少的 be vital to sb It is vital that.(that 从句谓语用should do 形式)26 discipline v.严格要求自己；惩罚 n.训练；行为准则；自制力；学科27 leisure n.闲暇 leisurely adv.从容地/adj.悠闲的28 crew n.全体工作人员29 permanent adj.永久的 permanence n 永久 OPP:temporary adj.短暂的30 altogether adv.完全，总共self-discipline 自律3

12、1 kit n.成套设备32 telescope n.望远镜33 universe n.宇宙 universal adj.普遍的 universally adv.普遍地34 crucial a.至关重要的，关键的 be crucial to/for sth.对.是至关重要的 be crucial in sth 在.方面是至关重要的 play a crucial part/role in sth在.方面起到非常重要的作用 be of crucial importance是至关重要的 It is crucial that.极其重要的是.crucially adv.至关重要的，关键地 crucial

13、ly important极其重要 be crucial to/for sth.对.是至关重要的 be crucial in sth 在.方面是至关重要的 play a crucial part/role in sth在.方面起到非常重要的作用 be of crucial importance是至关重要的 It is crucial that.极其重要的是.Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。It is crucial that he（should）get th

14、is right.他把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。This game is crucial to our survival.这场比赛对我们的生存至关重要。35 orbit v.围绕.运动 n.轨道36 astronomer n.天文学家 astronomy n.天文学37 merely adv.仅仅 mere adj.仅仅的，纯粹的38 administration n.管理；行政部门 administrate v.管理/支配 administrator n.管理员39 agency n.机构 agent n.代理人40 comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成The collectio

15、n comprises 327 paintings.这批收藏品包含327幅画。=The collection is comprised of/consists of 327 paintings.=be comprised of/be composed of/be made up of/consist of.41 scan vt.&vi.扫描；细看；浏览(scanning/scanned)n.扫描检查；快速查阅scanner n.扫描设备；扫描仪scan(through)sth(for sth)细看；察看；审视；端详；粗略地读；浏览；翻阅scan sth into sth/scan sth in

16、 把扫描进；扫描输入42 plain to see 显而易见的43 foundation n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会lay the foundation for为打下基础theoretical foundation 理论基础 solid foundation 坚实的基础 economic foundation 经济基础found v.创办，成立；建造，兴建；44 purse n.资金，财源；钱包 The money could simply go into the public purse,helping to lower taxes.这笔钱可以直接划入国库，来帮助降低税收。45 ta

17、le n.故事；讲述，叙述 Dickens A Tale of Two Cities 狄更斯的双城记 a fairy/moral/romantic tale 童话、寓言、爱情故事 old wives tale 无稽之谈；愚蠢的迷信（尤指老妇人所持的）46 origin n.起源，起因；出身 the origins of life on earth 地球上生命的起源 children of various ethnic origins 各族裔的儿童original adj.原来的；开始的；首创的，新颖的，创新的；原作的;n.原件，原版；（文学中）原型originally adv.最初，起初；本来

18、originate vt.引起；创作;vi.发源；发生；起航(from.)originality n.创意；独创性，创造力；原始；新奇47 shuttle n.航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班（或班车、火车）vi.频繁往来（于两地之间）There is a free 24-hour shuttle between the airport terminals.He and colleagues have shuttled back and forth between the three capitals.48 frequency n.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 OPP:infrequency n.

19、Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years.近年来致命交通事故发生率已经下降。There are only a limited number of broadcasting frequencies.只有数量有限的广播频率。frequent adj.频繁的 a frequent customer 常客（frequent还可以做动词，表示“经常去”；He used to frequent the cafe.）49 hydrogen n.氢，氢气 50 rocket n.火箭；火箭武器 vi 迅速增加，上涨51

20、 motive n.原因，动机，目的 motive power 动力 motive force 动力；起动力，原动力motiveless adj.无动机的motivate v.刺激，使有动机，激发的积极性；成为的动机；给出理由；申请motivation n.动力，诱因；积极性，干劲52 investment n.投资；投入 encourage foreign investment 鼓励外国投资 make an investment in.在.方面投资 a high return on my investments 我的投资的高收益 invest vt.投资；覆盖；耗费 vi.投资，入股；花钱买

21、 invest(.)in.investor n.投资者53 calculate vt.计算，核算；预测 calculate on 指望；期待=depend/rely/count/rest on.be calculated for 适合于；为适合而设计的=be designed/meant/intended for.It is calculated that.据估算.calculation n.计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑calculated adj.计算出的；适合的；有计划的calculator n.计算器；计算者 54 coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 media/ne

22、wspaper/press coverage 媒体报纸报刊的报道 tonights live coverage of the hockey game 今晚曲棍球比赛的现场直播cover v.覆盖；走过/游过.（距离）；读了.（页书）；支付；包括；采访，报导uncover vt.发现；揭开盖子 uncover the truth类似变形：short-shortage;break-breakage;shrink-shrinkage;pass-passage55 mechanic/mknk/n.机戒师，技工mechanical adj.机械的；力学的；呆板的；无意识的；手工操作的mechanism

23、n.机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧56 assistant n.助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的 assist v.参加，出席；协助（做一部分工作）assist sb with/in sth帮助某人做某事 assist sb to do sth帮助某人做某事assistance n.帮助，援助，支持 technical/economic/military assistance技术支持/经济援助/军事援助 with the assistance of sb/sth在.的帮助下 turn to sb for assistance向某人求助 seek assistance类似变形类似

24、变形：consult-consultant咨询，顾问；inhabit-inhabitant 居民，住户57 incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 incredibly lucky/stupid/difficult/beautiful 极其幸运愚蠢困难美丽incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的；极大的incredibility n.不能相信；不可信的事物同义词：extremely adv.极端地；极其 unbelievably adv.难以置信地；considerably adv.相当地；非常地 remarkably adv.显著地；非常地58 dust n.沙

25、土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃 dust storm 沙尘暴 dust emission 粉尘排放，烟尘排放；机扬尘量 leave sb in the dust 把某人远远抛在后面；使望尘莫及 let the dust settle/wait for the dust to settle 待形势明朗；待情况清楚dusty adj.布满灰尘的；土灰色的；缺乏活力的59 shelter n.居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩护 vi.躲避 take shelter from the storm 躲避暴风雨 an air-raid shelter 防空洞 an animal shelter 动物收容处 shel

26、ter sb/sth(from sb/sth)保护；掩蔽 shelter from sth 躲避（风雨或危险）60 constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 constantly adv.经常，不断地 a constant temperature 恒温；定温；等温 a constant pressure 恒压 constant interruptions 无休止的干扰 a constant stream of visitors all day 整天络绎不绝的游客61 nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 a nuclear power station 核电站 the nuclear industry 原子能工业 nuclear-powered submarines 核动力潜艇 a nuclear reaction 核反应 a nuclear weapon/bomb/missile 核武器；核弹；核导弹 a nuclear explosion/attack/war 核爆炸/攻击/战争nucleus n.核，核心；原子核 nuclei n.核心，核子；原子核（nucleus的复数形式)