Unit 3 Grammar and usage 表语从句（ppt课件）-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、Lead-in 表语表语1）表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，2）表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。找表语He is a father of two babies.The cake tastes good.He looks unhappy.He keeps working out every day.名词充当表语名词充当表语动名词充当表语动名词充当表语形容词充当表语形容词充当表语形容词充当表语形容词充当表语Linking Verbs系动词be动词感官类变化类am,is,are,was,werelook,s

2、ound,smell,taste,feel,seem,appear变得：become,get,turn,grow,go,fall,保持：keep,stay,remain,hold;可以接表语从句系动词有：”证明”prove,turn outYesterday is history.Tomorrow is a mystery.Today is a gift.Thats why its called the present!昨天已是历史，明天仍是未知，但今天是一份礼物。要不为什么它也被称为现在呢表语从句总结总结：表语从句是指_,紧跟在_之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。用_语序。结构

3、：_。从句在句子中充当表语从句在句子中充当表语系动词系动词陈述陈述主语主语+系动词系动词+引导词引导词+简单句简单句Sima Qian,one of the greatest historians in Chinese history,was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.Influenced by his father,who was also a historian,Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child.He learnt Chinese classics from great li

4、terary masters,and at the age of 20,he began travelling extensively across the country.He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information.Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.Below is an essay on the great historian Sima Qian.Find th

5、e sentences with predicative clauses and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.Exploring the rulesHis fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.After his father died,Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian,w

6、hich facilitated his access to official books and files.However,his work proved difficult,because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.As he c

7、arried on with his work,something awful happened to Sima Qian.He was put in prison,where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally.However,he was not defeated.He never forgot about his fathers dream,in good times or bad times.After more than ten years of hard work,the Shiji(Records of the Gr

8、and Historian),his masterpiece,was completed.在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化具体化。表语从句也必须用。表语从句也必须用陈述语序陈述语序。“主语主语+系动词系动词+关联词关联词+表语从句表语从句”Structure:基本用法基本用法引导词从属连词从属连词:that,whether,as if,as though,because 连接副词连接副词:when,where,how,why,+(ever

9、)连接代词连接代词:what,who,whom,whose,which,+ever引导表语从句的词有：1.The most important thing is that we finish the final task.2.The question is whether we can finish it in such a short time.3.The reason why he was late is that he got up late.(1)从属连词从属连词:that&whether 用法归纳：用法归纳：a.that引导表语从句时，只起引导表语从句时，只起_作用，作用，作作/不作

10、不作句子句子成分，成分，有有/没有没有意义。意义。b.whether引导表语从句时，只起引导表语从句时，只起_作用，作用，作作/不作不作句子成分，通常翻译为句子成分，通常翻译为“_”“_”。注意，引导表语从。注意，引导表语从句时通常不用句时通常不用if。连接连接连接连接是否是否c.注意下面这个结构：注意下面这个结构：The reason why.is/was that.主语是主语是reason时，表语从句不能用时，表语从句不能用because,只能用只能用that。特殊规则：特定名词+that+（should）do结构用法归纳：用法归纳：表示表示_(advise,suggestion,requ

11、est,proposal,idea,demand,order)等后面的表语，那么表语从句应该用等后面的表语，那么表语从句应该用虚拟虚拟语气语气,即谓语动词用即谓语动词用“should +动词原形动词原形”,”,should可省略。可省略。建议，要求，命令1.My advice is that you(should)think it over before you make a decision.1.My suggestion is that we all _(take)an active part in the coming sports meet.2.His proposal was tha

12、t the work _(finish)in five hours.(should)take(should)be finished whether引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是“是否是否”，陈述陈述语序。语序。e.g.The question is whether it is worth doing.My doubt is whether we can get there on time.(注意：注意：if不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。)Practice:问题是我们是否可以依赖他。问题是我们是否可以依赖他。The questi

13、on is whether we can rely on him.whetherwhether与与if if均为均为“是否是否”下列情况下只用下列情况下只用whether：Whether he will come is not clear.The question is whether hell come.Im not sure about whether well win.Let me know whether you can come or not.1.引导主语从句并在句首引导主语从句并在句首 2.引导表语从句引导表语从句3.从句作介词宾语从句作介词宾语 4.从句后有从句后有“or not

14、”(2)(2)表语从句也可以由表语从句也可以由 as if/as though 引导，引导，“似乎、好像似乎、好像”e.g.He looked as if he was going to cry.It seems as though he doesnt know the answer.as if/as though引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 如果如果是事实是事实，就用，就用陈述语气陈述语气；如果如果与事实不符与事实不符，就用，就用虚拟语气虚拟语气(从句表示与从句表示与现在现在事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反，谓语动词用一般过一般过去式去式；从句表示与从句表示与过去过去事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反

15、，谓语动词用had+过去分词过去分词；从句表示；从句表示将来的将来的可能性不大可能性不大，用，用would/might/could+动词原形动词原形)。e.g.He looks as if he were a rich man.He looked just as if he had looked ten years before.It looks as if it might rain.将来将来事实相反事实相反as if sb would/might/could+do.现在现在事实相反事实相反as if sb were/did sth.过去过去事实相反事实相反 as if sb had don

16、e sth.(3)because引导的表语从句常见于引导的表语从句常见于 This/That/It is/was because.句型中句型中e.g.He was sent to the hospital.Thats because he was ill.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.Thats because强调强调原因原因；Thats why强调强调结果结果1)He failed the math exam.Thats _he was too careless.2)He was too careless.Thats

17、_ he failed the math exam.becausewhy名词名词reason作主语时，表语从句用作主语时，表语从句用that而不用而不用because或或why引导引导The reason _ he failed the math exam is _ he was too careless.thatwhy1.that 不充当句子成分，无意义，只起连接作用e.g.,What I mean is(that)you may have to face it.One reason why Crystal has become so famous is that he is very qu

18、ick thinking.2.其他从属连词引导表语从句时有具体的含义,whether表示是否，because 表示因为；as if/as though 表示好像，似乎。e.g.,The question is whether we should go on with this work.He says it is because he wanted to do so.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.二、由连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what等引导的表语从句连接代词在表语从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。依据

19、“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what。如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what。如缺定语用what或which。1.She is not who she was.2.Exercise is what keeps us healthy.3.The winner will be whoever solves that problem.4.My part will be whatever you give to me.用法归纳：用法归纳：连接代词引导表语从句时，既起连接代词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，作用，又

20、作句子成分又作句子成分(通常作通常作_)_)等。等。连接连接主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语三.由连接副词when/where/why/how 引导的表语从句连接副词在表语从句中充当状语，可表时间、地点、原因、方式等，因此不能省略。依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where。原因状语用why；方式状语用how。e.g.,What he wonders is they can finish their work.This is our basic interest lies.He was ill.Thats

21、he was sent to the hospital.whenwherewhyThat was I was fifteen.whenThats you are wrong.whereThe problem is we can find him.how用法归纳：用法归纳：连接副词引导表语从句时，既起连接副词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，又作句作用，又作句子成分（通常作子成分（通常作_）。）。连接连接状语状语引导词连词关系代词关系副词在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用在从句中作主宾表定语在从句中作状语that,whether,as if/as though,becausewhat,which,who(

22、m),whose，whatever,whichever,whoeverwhen,where,why,howSummary表示建议、命令、要求等名词后的表语从句要用虚拟语气：（should）+do1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。4.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分5.表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序Work out the rules We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.We can use that to intr

23、oduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(1)_.We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(2)_.We can use what,why,when,where,etc.to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(3)_.statementyes-no questionwh-question1.The fact is _ we should depend on ourse

24、lves.2.The city is no longer _ it was ten years ago.3.The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.4.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.5._surprised me most was _ he spoke Spanish so fluently.6.All shes worried about is _ he i

25、s all right.7.The most important thing is _ we can get through the difficult times.8.She looks _ she were ill.whenwhatwhatthatPracticeWhatthatwhetherhowas if1.The trouble was _ we could manage it ourselves or not.2.Another unique human characteristic is _ we walk upright.3.The question,however,is _

26、this is what the developing countries need the most.4.The trouble is _we have no money.5.From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.6.The only reason for my coming is _ I hoped to see you again.7.The biggest question is _ will take charge o

27、f the company.8.Liberty means responsibility.That is_ most men dread it.thatwhetherbecausewhetherthatthatwhowhy9.What puzzles Lilys friends is _ she always has so many crazy ideas.10.China is no longer _ she used to be.11.The question remains _ they will be able to help us.12.It appears _ he has a t

28、aste for music.13.It sounds _ someone is knocking at the door.14.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.15.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.whywhatwhether/whenthatas if whetherwhere PracticewhichthatthatwhywhetherhowPracticethatthathowwhyWrite a short paragraph based on each of the situat

29、ions below,using predicative clauses.B 3ExampleId like to join you in doing the project on the First World War,but my concern is that I dont have much knowledge of it.Applying the rules 1.Tom is so nervous about his history test tomorrow.The problem is that he gets stressed very easily whenever he t

30、akes a test.One way to stay relaxed is to keep calm and breathe deeply.Tom hopes it will help solve his problem.Applying the rulesApplying the rules2.Davids new book on world history has sold 10,000 copies!At first,his concern was whether anyone would read his book.Actually,it is a well-written book

31、 that is also fun to read.The reason why his book has sold so many copies is that Davids love for history is represented in the way he writes about the topic.对.感兴趣周游全国 获取广泛的信息 接替他父亲成为太史令 方便他接触.整理可用的资源 take an interest in.travel extensively across the countryget a wide range of informationsucceed his

32、 father as Grand Historianfacilitate his access to.sort out available resourcesUseful Expressions需要艰苦的努力需要艰苦的努力 有效且高效地有效且高效地 继续某事继续某事 被关进监狱被关进监狱 身体上和精神上身体上和精神上无论顺境还是逆境无论顺境还是逆境 Useful Expressionsrequire painstaking effortseffectively and efficientlycarry on with.be put in prisonphysically and mentallyin good times or bad times Thanks