Unit 4 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、the use of a noun(phrase)or clause immediately after another noun(phrase)that refers to the same person or thing Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers.We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.The news that our team has won the game is true.apposi

2、tive clause在复合句中对其在复合句中对其前面的抽象名词前面的抽象名词做进一步做进一步解释或解释或说明说明，说明其具体内容的从句，叫作，说明其具体内容的从句，叫作同位语从句同位语从句。同位语从句同位语从句常接同位语从句的名词常接同位语从句的名词不是所有的名词后面都能跟同位语从句，不是所有的名词后面都能跟同位语从句，只有少数抽象意义的名只有少数抽象意义的名词可以跟同位语从句词可以跟同位语从句。常见的充当同位语从句先行词的名词有：。常见的充当同位语从句先行词的名词有：advice agreement 协议协议 belief 信念信念doubt 怀疑怀疑explanation fact wo

3、rd 消息消息proposal 建议建议hope idea news opinion order 命令命令promise 诺言诺言possibility problem truthquestion 问题问题report suggestion thought informationwish warning 警告警告 probability reply evidence 证据证据proof 证据证据messageconclusion 同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词从属连词从属连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词Meaning？意义意义Component？在从句所做成分在从句所做成分that,

4、whetherwhat,which,who,whom,whosewhen,where,how,why从属连词从属连词that,whether1)He told me the news _ he would come home from abroad soon.2)She was in doubt _ she had made the right decision.thatwhether小结：小结：that:_ _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略，省略，只起连接作用只起连接作用whether:_ _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略省略无无不作不作不可不可有有不作不作不可不可只用只用whether

5、引导引导,不用不用if。连接代词连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose1)I have no idea _my classmate is speaking with.2)I have no idea _ caused the matter.3)I have no idea _ shoes it is.4)I have no idea _ one to choose.whomwhatwhichwhose小结：连接代词小结：连接代词 _意义、作意义、作_成分、成分、_省略省略有有主、宾、定等主、宾、定等不可不可宾宾主主定定定定连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why

6、1)You have no idea _ worried I was!2)He has solved the problem _ the TV was out of order.3)The couple are discussing the question _ they should have their honeymoon next month.4)The decision _ they will leave for Beijing hasnt been made.howwhywhere/howwhen小结：连接副词小结：连接副词 _意义、作意义、作_成分、成分、_省略省略有有状语状语不可

7、不可同 位 语 从 句 的 引 导 词引导词引导词用法用法从属连词that无成分，无意义whether无成分，意为“是否”连接代词what,which,who,whom,+ever,whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语连接副词how,when,where,+ever,why在从句中充当状语1.1.间隔式同位语从句间隔式同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句通常通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，有些情况下，有些情况下，同位语从句和名词被同位语从句和名词被其他词其他词隔开。隔开。Word came that the concert had been put off.An

8、idea occurred to her that she could try another way.2.在某些名词在某些名词(如如demand,suggestion,wish,advice,request,proposal,order等等)后的同位语从句，谓语动后的同位语从句，谓语动词用词用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。We followed his advice that we(should)turn to our teacher for help.We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go t

9、o Beijing for sightseeing.I can understand their wishes that they(should)have a holiday.Compare the following pair of sentences:The news that he told us at the meeting made us excited.定语从句，修饰作用；定语从句，修饰作用；that有意义，是连接代词有意义，是连接代词,作宾语作宾语The news that Mary would be promoted made us excited.同位语从句，表内容；同位语从

10、句，表内容；that无意义，是连接词，不做句子成分无意义，是连接词，不做句子成分同位语从句同位语从句与定语从句的辨析与定语从句的辨析同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句性质性质实例实例定语从句是从句定语从句是从句对其先行对其先行词的修饰或限制词的修饰或限制，属于，属于形形容词性从句容词性从句的范畴的范畴同位语从句是从句同位语从句是从句对前面抽对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解象名词的进一步的说明和解释释，属于，属于名词性从句名词性从句的范畴的范畴The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

11、是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什么消息到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。是真的。(定语从句定语从句,news在从句中在从句中作作told的宾语的宾语)同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句引引导导词词实实例例引导同位语从句的词有引导同位语从句的词有:that,whether,what,who,whom,whose,when,where,how等。等。that引导同位语从句时引导同位语从句时只起连接作只起连接作用用，无具体意义，在从句中不

12、作，无具体意义，在从句中不作成分，不能用成分，不能用which代替，且不能代替，且不能省略。省略。有些引导词如有些引导词如how,whether,what不能引导定语从句不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句时，不但起引导定语从句时，不但起连接作用连接作用，而且，而且在从句中作成在从句中作成分，作宾语时可以省略分，作宾语时可以省略The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.(同位语从句同位语从句,是对是对order的具体解的具体解释释that虽不作成分虽不作

13、成分,但不能省略但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.(定语从句定语从句,是名词是名词order的修饰的修饰语语,that在从句中作在从句中作received的的宾语宾语,可以省略可以省略)1.The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.2.Please tell m

14、e the reason why you missed the plane.3.Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.判断下列句子哪些含有判断下列句子哪些含有同位语从句同位语从句，哪些含有，哪些含有定语从句定语从句。定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.Do you have any idea _ all this happened?A.which B.that C.why D.whether2.A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to bu

15、y some flowers for my mothers birthday A.if B.when C.that D.which3.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A.why B.that C.where D.because 一、选择适当的连接词。一、选择适当的连接词。二、填空题。二、填空题。1.Some hold the belief _ they can always find more ways of solving

16、problems.2.The decision _ we will have the celebration next month has not been made.3.We work as hard as we can in the knowledge _ our efforts will eventually pay off.4.Does anyone have any idea _ has happened to Paul?5.She raised the problem _ we could improve communication netween managers and sta

17、ff.thatthatwhetherwhathow二、填空题。二、填空题。6.We have just received a warning _ a storm is on the way.7.There is some doubt among the students _ the travel plan will be cancelled.8.Many people responded positive;y to the suggestion_ we should raise money for local charities.9.We had a heated discussion on

18、the question _ online learning was better suited for high school students.10.Mr Smith really has no idea _ is wrong with their programme.thatthatwhetherwhetherwhat1.(1)We were excited at the news.(2)Our football team had won the match.2.(1)They had the question.(2)Could he pass the final exam?We wer

19、e excited at the news that our football team had won the match.三、三、合并句子。合并句子。They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.四、四、翻译句子。翻译句子。1.1.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。The news that our team has won the game is true.2.2.谁来接替他的位置，这个问题还没有决定。谁来接替他的位置，这个问题还没有决定。The question who will ta

20、ke his place hasnt been decided.Do you know this heritage site?Task 1:What danger did the temples face?How were they saved?Task 2：Find the sentences with appositive clause.1.no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.2.they had no idea whether the temples could be sa

21、ved from the rising waters.3.Some experts,however,had a feeling that it was possible.4.At first,they had no idea which way could work.5.There was no guarantee that it would work.6.the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.7.we have the belief that we will

22、need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.An appositive clause is usually placed after an abstract noun to explain its content.We often use(1)_,(2)_ or a question word to introduce an appositive clause.Nouns that can be followed by an appositive clause include fact,idea,news,opinion,etc

23、.thatwhether1.We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites.2.This was the clue that helped the police find the man who had destroyed the ancient statues.3.Many people do not know the reason why this heritage site isthreatened.4.There is no question that we should protect our

24、shared heritagewe simply have to.5.I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.Read the sentences below and tick the ones with appositive clauses.B1定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句Chris meets with Miss Ma to discuss UNESCOs work related to heritage preservation.Complete the conversation bel

25、ow with proper linking words to form appositive clauses.P49 B2whetherthathow manythatthatChris:I was upset that those accident buildings were in such bad condition.Jenny:But didnt you hear the news(1)_?Chris:No,I didnt.Thats great news!I have a dream(2)_.Jenny:Ill join you.After all,we have no idea(

26、3)_.In pairs,complete the conversation below using appositive clauses.B3 that they are being restored that Ill be able to visit this site when the repair work is overwhen well get another chance to visitl 花几十年的时间花几十年的时间l 关于关于的分歧的分歧 l 没人能否认事实没人能否认事实 l 处于威胁当中处于威胁当中 l 导致广泛的关注导致广泛的关注l 不能保证不能保证 Useful Expressions